Blood lipids are a general term for serum cholesterol, triglycerides and lipids (such as phospholipids), and the blood lipids that are closely related to clinical practice are mainly cholesterol and triglycerides. In the past 30 years, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in China has increased significantly. According to the Report on the Status of Nutrition and Chronic Diseases in China (2020), residents aged 18 and above in ChinaThe overall prevalence of hyperlipidemia is as high as 356%，Contribute to a significant burden of disease. Hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke, and long-term hyperlipidemia can lead to atherosclerosis and increase the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases.
What are the classifications of hyperlipidemia?
According to the fasting venous serum test index, dyslipidemia was divided into 4 types, namely: hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol, TC 5.).2 mmol L), hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides, TG 17 mmol L), high and low density lipoprotein cholesterolemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C 34 mmol L), low HDL cholesterolemia (HDL cholesterol, HDL-C 10mmol L), when one or more of the above lipid indexes are abnormal, dyslipidemia can be diagnosed. Dyslipidemia is divided into hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipidemia, and low HDL cholesterolemia.
What are the understandings and types of hyperlipidemia in Chinese medicine?
The diagnosis and treatment of hyperlipidemia in traditional Chinese medicine has its own characteristics, and it is included in the categories of "blood stasis", "phlegm dampness" and "lipid ointment", which lies in poor diet, craving for greasy and sweet, mellow wine and thick taste, emotional imbalance, excessive leisure and less work, etc., resulting in dysfunction of the liver, spleen and kidneys, abnormal fluid metabolism in the body, and the formation of pathological products such as blood stasis, dampness, phlegm coagulation, etc., and finally cause disease. The disease belongs to the evidence of the deficiency and the truth, with phlegm and stasis as the standard, and the positive and deficiency as the basisCommon pattern differentiationThe clinical manifestations are mainly divided into six types, namely: phlegm turbidity and internal resistance, phlegm and stasis mutual junction type, qi stagnation and blood stasis type, qi deficiency and blood stasis type, liver and kidney yin deficiency type, and spleen deficiency and dampness type.
What do people with hyperlipidemia need to pay attention to in their diet?
*People with hyperlipidemia should first eat a variety of foods and have a balanced diet. Emphasis should be placed on fat intake, with fat energy supply not exceeding 20% to 25% of total energy and cooking oil not exceeding 25g per dayAvoid the intake of saturated fatty acids such as animal oilsEat less foods with high cholesterol content, such as animal offalChoose foods rich in N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., deep-sea fish, fish oil). Choose carbohydrates rich in dietary fiber, and the daily diet should contain 25 40g of dietary fiber (of which 7 13** soluble dietary fiber).
It is advisable to choose plant proteins such as soy protein, appropriate intake of animal protein, including lean meat, skinless poultry, fish, shrimp and eggs, milk should choose skim or low-fat milk, etc.
Avoid overly processed foodsThe cooking method can choose steaming, boiling, boiling, mixing, etc., pay attention to a light diet, less salt and less sugar. At the same time, on the basis of reasonable diet, food and drug substances and dietary nutrition programs can be selected for different syndrome types. What are the recommended foods for people with hyperlipidemia?
**What are the recommended types of foods for people with hyperlipidemia to reduce and restrict?
Author: Yin Wei, Department of Nutrition, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.