About many people have heard of the fierce battle between Zhao and Qin during the Warring States Period - the "Battle of Changping", and Zhao Kuo also appeared on the stage of history. Zhao Kuo is a typical soldier on paper, and he is quite accomplished in the theory of the art of war, but he has repeatedly made mistakes in practical operation. Although Zhao Kuo's ineffective command led to the collapse of Zhao's 400,000 troops in a short moment, the victory or defeat of the "Battle of Changping" should not be entirely attributed to Zhao Kuo alone, but also to the decision-making and diplomatic factors of the entire country.
There is a debate about whether to conduct the "Battle of Changping".
The "Battle of Changping" was fought between Qin and Zhao, but in fact it was for the sake of fighting for the upper party of Korea, not Zhao being invaded by Qin. In other words, the "Battle of Changping" for Zhao Guo can be fought or not. After the fall of Yewang in Korea, Shangdang became a gift that Zhao could compete for. Feng Ting, the commander of Shangdang, suggested that Shangdang be given to Zhao so that Zhao could attract the wrath of Qin and at the same time form a close relationship with Korea. So, Feng Ting sent someone to convey this proposal to Zhao Guo.
King Zhao Xiaocheng and Pingyang Jun Zhao Bao, Pingyuan Jun Zhao Sheng and others discussed whether to accept the surrender of the Shangdang. Zhao Bao believed that it should not be accepted, because once he accepted the party, he would inevitably be involved in the competition with the Qin state, and the possible disasters would far outweigh the gains. Zhao Sheng, on the other hand, thought that it was a good deal to get Shangdang and a county without spending a single soldier, and he should agree.
So, King Zhao decided to accept the party and named Feng Ting as Huayang Jun. Subsequently, the state of Qin sent Wang Yi to attack Shangdang. At this time, although Shangdang nominally belonged to South Korea, it was actually a piece of fat for Zhao State. The people of Shangdang fled to Zhao State one after another, and Zhao State also sent troops to Changping to support the Shangdang refugees. In other words, the "Battle of Changping" was an initiative for Zhao Guo, and it was naturally necessary to bear the corresponding competitive risks and consequences.
Borrowing grain from the state of Qi was fruitless.
Zhao was determined to compete with Qin for the party, but Zhao was not fully prepared, and the most obvious problem was military rations. In the "Battle of Changping", Lian Po, the chief general of the Zhao army, was able to maintain the balance of power with the Qin army in a defensive position, and even had a slight disadvantage, but did not collapse. However, Zhao's food could not support Lian Po's continued resistance.
For this reason, Zhao borrowed grain from Qi, but was refused. In the opinion of some strategists, Qi should borrow grain to support Zhao and defeat Qin with the help of Zhao's military power. Because Zhao is the barrier of Qi and Yan against Qin, it is a powerful shield for Qi. Moreover, if the grain was borrowed to make the Zhao State defeat the Qin State, it would not only benefit the prestige of the Zhao State, but also show the prestige of the Qi State among the vassal states. However, unfortunately, the Qin State adopted the strategy of "distant friendship and close attack", and the Qi State had no desire to attack. The state of Qi, far from the threat of the Qin state, lacked a motive for war against the Qin state. Therefore, Zhao Guo hit a nail in his quest for help from Qi State.
Send Zheng Su into Qin to cut off foreign aid.
In the face of Wang Di's strong attack, although Lian Po struggled to support, he was still at a slight disadvantage. At this time, King Zhao somewhat regretted launching the "Battle of Changping" and hoped to reconcile with Qin. Lou Chang, the minister of Zhao, advocated sending important ministers as envoys to Qin to negotiate. Yu Qing, however, has a different view. Yu Qing believed that the Qin army was attacking the Zhao army with all its might, and it was bound to defeat the Zhao army and deal a heavy blow to the Zhao state.
Therefore, a direct rapprochement with Qin would not be beneficial to Zhao. Yu Qing suggested that Zhao should first ally with Chu and Wei, and send envoys to deliver messages and gifts to Chu and Wei. In this way, the Qin State would suspect that the Zhao State was complicit with the Chu State and the Wei State, and there would be worries in his heart, so that it would be possible to reconcile with the Zhao State. However, King Zhao did not heed Yu Qing's advice and sent Zheng Su to Qin, which accepted Zheng Can. King Zhao thought that reconciliation was more likely, but Yu Qing pointed out that Qin's acceptance of Zheng Xuan was purely to show goodwill to Chu and Wei, so that the two states would mistakenly think that Qin and Zhao were peaceful, so they would not send troops to rescue Zhao. In fact, this is exactly what happened, the Qin State preached the matter of Zheng Xuan's entry into Qin, but never reconciled with the Zhao State. In the absence of foreign aid and lack of food and grass, King Zhao had no choice but to replace Lian Po with Zhao Kuo, and finally suffered a painful defeat.
Epilogue. 
The outcome of the "Battle of Changping" not only involves the command ability of the commander-in-chief, but also has a deeper bearing on decision-making and diplomatic wrestling at the national level. When Zhao Guo chose to start a war, he made important decisions about whether or not to accept the party and ask for help from foreign aid. However, these decisions are not the result of individual generals, but of a team of think tanks at the national level. In the long course of history, the "Battle of Changping" has become a vivid specimen, suggesting that we need to consider all factors in our war decisions, rather than relying only on the command intelligence of generals.
In this article, through an in-depth analysis of the historical event of the Battle of Changping, the author highlights that the victory or defeat of the war is not only determined by the command of the commander-in-chief, but is closely related to decision-making and diplomatic factors at the national level. This perspective provides the reader with a more comprehensive and profound understanding of historical events, but also raises a series of questions worth pondering.
First of all, when discussing the "Battle of Changping", the article emphasizes the motive behind the war and the struggle for the national interests of the party. By demonstrating the importance of the Shangdang to the Zhao state, the author reveals that the war was not purely a military necessity, but also involved a deeper level of political, economic, and diplomatic relations between states. This reminds us that when we study history, we should focus on digging deep into the root causes of events, rather than just looking at the superficial phenomena.
Second, when discussing the level of national decision-making, the article mentions the controversy over the surrender of the Shangdang and the plight of Zhao borrowing grain from Qi. This highlights the need for countries to face complex and changeable considerations in the decision-making stage before the war, not only to pursue military victory on the battlefield, but also to balance internal and external factors to safeguard the overall interests of the country. This provides readers with a glimpse into today's international relations and allows us to better understand the complexities and difficulties of war decision-making.
In addition, the article emphasizes the importance of diplomatic strategy, especially the obstacles encountered by Zhao in seeking help from Qi. This plot reflects the complexity of relations between nations and the delicate balance of cooperation and strife in war. In today's world, countries are faced with similar diplomatic considerations, so it is important to have a deep understanding of diplomatic strategy.
Finally, the article emphasizes in the "Conclusion" section that the "Battle of Changping" has become a historical specimen, reminding us that we need to consider all factors in a comprehensive way when making war decisions. This is also true in modern society, especially in the age of high technological development, where military power is not the only key to success, but also national decision-making and diplomatic strategy.
Overall, this article presents readers with a more three-dimensional and profound historical picture through an in-depth analysis of historical events. Through a multidimensional analysis of war, readers are able to better understand the complexity of war and the important role that national decision-making plays in it. This historical insight not only helps us to better understand the past, but also has a positive enlightening effect on the complex situation in the world today.
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