Kuomintang military commander: Those things that have been stationed in Xifeng for eight years.
Author丨Li Changnian.
Excerpt from "One Hundred Years of Rest".
1. Nightmares are coming
In the thirties, Xifeng County was too small, with only two and a half streets, about 400 households, and a population of more than 2,000.
In 1937, the sound of the cannon at Lugou Bridge was too far away from this remote town, like a small stone thrown into a large pond and spreading, spreading outward in a circle, and there was no movement before it could be extended to the edge of the pool. In addition to the county **, in addition to the county **, from the newspapers delivered by the mail car from Guiyang to Chongqing every three days, I saw some mostly bad news about the Anti-Japanese War, that is, a few sheets written by the county people's education hall "Expelling the Japanese Invaders!".The Anti-Japanese War is rising!Slogans like that. The lives of the people in the small county town do not seem to have been affected much.
However, this tranquility did not last long.
The next year, in the late spring of 1938, the cauliflower bloomed, and Mao Yue, the county magistrate who had not yet reached his term, was transferred. Speaking Cantonese language, Deng Kuangyuan, a major general of the army army under the command of the military commander, came in a jeep and took over the seal of the county government. Xifeng is such a remote and small county, and with such an active general as the county magistrate, it seems that something is going to happen here.
Sure enough, as soon as the general and county magistrate got off the bus, he ordered all the district and township guards to make a register of all the professional or non-professional but skilled stone, wood, clay, and bricklayer craftsmen in the county and report them to the county for the record. At the same time, the number of male servants to be served in each household was ordered to be reported together.
Just a few days after the Dragon Boat Festival, people saw more than a dozen oily green ten** trucks that they had never seen before drive from Shuijing Lane towards the county. Hundreds of men dressed in military or civilian clothes, all carrying various long and short guns, got out of the car. These people were arranged by Deng Kuangyuan to temporarily live in the temporarily requisitioned private houses and temples such as the Sanguan Hall and the Sichuan Temple. What are so many armed people doing in this small county town?Soon, someone inquired about the reason.
Since the fall of the capital Nanjing on December 13 last year (1937), the National** has moved to Chongqing at the beginning of this year, but they still have not escaped the bombing and harassment of Japanese planes. In order to ensure that its headquarters can still operate normally in the event of any unforeseen circumstances, the military command system of the military command agencies and organizations distributed throughout the country has chosen to set up the second base camp of the military command in this small county town on the side of the Sichuan-Guizhou Highway with convenient transportation in this small county town with high mountains and dense forests. Many military command organs will be relocated here. The hundreds of people who are coming now are just "standing at the head", and the rats are dragging wooden wedges - the big heads are still behind.
Immediately afterwards, the county ** issued an order to the township protection of all districts to requisition craftsmen and migrant workers, and reported to the county seat within a time limit, and the violators were severely punished. The county was full of complaints for a while, but there was nothing to be done. As for the situation at that time, according to the literary and historical sources: "...All stone, wood, and masonry workers are apportioned by the county's township guards, and there are thousands of people at most times, and three or four hundred people at the time. Chengguan Yongjing Town has to send out thirty or forty migrant workers every day, arranged by the chief of the security and arranged by the chief of A. After each family completes the apportionment, they must hand over the "work slip" to the chief A for verification, and then hand it over to the chief of the security department to calculate the difference. ”
All the craftsmen and migrant workers recruited were assigned by the county to the engineering office of the military command. The masons of clay, wood, and stonework were divided into groups to build houses, and the bricklayers built kilns and burned tiles in Radish Cave (now Sinna Village). Except for a few unskilled migrant workers who were arranged to do chores on the construction site, most of them were arranged to cut down trees for the construction of houses. Due to the need for too much wood, "the Tiger's Nest, Shrinking Mountain, and Chair Mountain near Chengguan were originally primeval forests that covered the sky and the sun, and in less than a year, they became 'Leper Mountain'. After cutting the near place, go to the farther hard village, the bottom village, Jinzhuping, Fenghuang Mountain, Dongyang Village and other places to cut ......"The felled trees are all chest-high and more than one foot in diameter, three or four zhang long raw wood, each weighing more than 1,000 catties, and they are carried by migrant workers from dozens or even dozens of people in the mountains and forests to the county construction site. The migrant workers were miserable, but no one dared to complain. After a little neglect, the bamboo strips of the overseers sent by the military commander were beaten, and the joke at that time was called eating "fried meat with bamboo shoots". What's more, all the migrant workers who are assigned to them are "servitude" without compensation, not only do they not receive a penny or a penny, but they also do not have any food. Migrant workers in the vicinity of the county town are allowed to go home to eat, and those in the countryside are allowed to bring their own rations. In order to prevent migrant workers from slacking off or escaping, they are armed guards when they go to work, and after they finish work, they live together, and dozens of people are crowded into a hut, and they sleep on a layer of straw spread on the ground, no different from prisoners.
This enslavement of the people and the construction of civil works were basically completed by the end of 1941.
Second, the lair of military commanders
After more than three years of labor, labor and money, the military command only started from Shuijing Lane (now the highway section) in Xifeng County and went south to the dormitory of the special training class (now the north of the Power Supply Bureau).Starting from the physical and chemical room (now the experimental kindergarten) repaired in front of Shimen Cave in the east, and reaching the South Gate Highway in the west, more than 20 double-storey wooden buildings with eight columns and seven double-storey wooden buildings and several other special buildings such as auditoriums, classrooms, hospitals, chemical laboratories, etc., were built in this area, which served as the special training class of the military commander and some other institutions. For the sake of secrecy, two square stone doorposts were built in Shuijing Lane, and the stone doorposts on both sides were engraved with several regular characters of "Xifeng County", in order to create a false image of Xifeng County. Between the stone door posts, the arch arc lintel is made of iron bars, and a large "party emblem" is hung on the lintel. Since then, there has been a new place called the "Great Round Gate". At the same time, it also built a double-corridor luxury mansion with a back patio for Dai Li (now the county people's armed forces department). Dai Li can't stand the scorching heat in Chongqing every summer, so he has to come to Xifeng to spend some days in the summer. He also built a small villa for Hu Jing'an, director of the "special training class," on the sand and gravel slope. Zhang Zhige, the head of the Second Special Service Regiment, built a five-room two-story Zhang Mansion (county epidemic prevention station) at the north gate. Looks like it's going to stay for a long time.
Ever since the arrival of the first batch of personnel of the military command to "fight the front station" and the construction of houses began, various organs of the military command have been relocated to Xifeng one after another. To the astonishment of the local people, a group of about 200 prisoners came first."
It was the middle of October 1938, and the weather was already a little cold. At noon on this day, dozens of military vehicles drove into the county seat from the south gate, and under the leadership of the county's first personnel, they drove straight to the "Xifeng two-level primary school" that had been notified by the county that it had been closed in advance. About 200 "prisoners" in rags got out of the car, including men and women, old and young. The "prisoners" are all shackled, and it seems that they are all "felons" who are not serious crimes. Among these "old political prisoners" who were originally imprisoned in the new prison in Nanjing were the Kuomintang in 1927"412. The Communists who have been arrested since the "purging of the party" also include patriotic democrats who oppose Chiang and patriotic overseas Chinese. Some of these "old political prisoners" whom the Kuomintang authorities could neither kill nor release have been in secret prisons for more than 10 years. After the fall of Nanjing, it was transferred to Wuhan and then to Yiyang, Hunan. At the end of September 1938, he set off from Yiyang, and after more than half a month of turbulence, he arrived in Guiyang in early October, and after a few days in Guiyang, he was delivered to his destination. In the late spring of the following year, he moved into a concentration camp in Yanglang Cat Cave, six kilometers south of the city, which had been almost completed. At that time, the Xifeng concentration camp was called "Xifeng Xinjian" within the military command. Because it is the largest and highest-level of the three secret prisons of the military command, it is also called a "university". The external listing is the "National ** Military Committee". Over the next eight years, more than 1,200 "political prisoners" were imprisoned, of whom more than 600 were killed or tortured to deathMore than 400 people are missing. When it was revoked in 1946, only 72 people were transferred to Chongqing, and with the dozens of people released earlier, only about 100 remained.
At the same time that the "prisoners" of the "Nanjing New Prison" were transferred to Xifeng, another armed force of more than 100 people, consisting of plainclothes special forces and gendarmerie teams, also escorted General Yang Hucheng, his wife Xie Baozhen, and his youngest son Yang Zhengzhong from Yiyang to Guizhou. The two convoys of military commanders kept a one-day distance. After General Yang's family of three arrived in Xifeng, they were first imprisoned in a private house (i.e., Hezhai) requisitioned in Yanglang Maodong. Soon after, when Dai Li came to inspect the construction progress, he thought that Yang Hucheng's family was too close to the Sichuan-Guizhou Highway and was unsafeYang Hucheng's goal is too big, and it is not appropriate to keep him in the same place with the "prisoners" transferred from the "Nanjing New Prison". So Deng Kuangyuan was ordered to choose another location in Xuantian Cave, 8 kilometers away from the county seat, as a prison place for Yang Hucheng's family. Since then, with Xuantian Cave as the center, a radius of several kilometers has become an area controlled by the military commanders. The armed forces guarding General Yang's family of three alone consisted of more than 200 people composed of a plainclothes special task force, a military police squadron, and a company of the Second Special Regiment. It can be seen that the guards are tight. General Yang Hucheng's family was in this ancient temple in the deep mountains for eight years, until they were transferred to Chongqing in July 1946.
From 1938 onwards, in addition to the concentration camp system, the largest institution was the "special training class" that moved to Xifeng in November 1939.
The full name of the "special training class" is "** Police Academy Special Police Training Class". It was the largest institution for training spies at that time, and it was also the base for Dai Li's expansion of the spy team and his personal strength. In November 1939, the "special training class" was moved from Qianyang, Xiangxi to Xifeng. The director of the "special training class" is Dai Li's own positionThe day-to-day affairs are in charge of Deputy Director Hu Jing'an. Hu Jing'an was Dai Li's boss back then, with the rank of lieutenant general, and was handed over by Chiang Kai-shek to Dai Li, who was in favor of him, because he fell out of favor. Dai Li's appointment of this former veteran superior to preside over the "special training class" shows the importance of the institution.
In March 1940, the third phase of the "special training class" opened, and by 1944, a total of three sessions were held in Xifeng, training more than 2,000 spies, all of whom were assigned to military command special service stations across the country or sent to infiltrate the CCP to engage in espionage activities. In 1944, the "Xifeng Special Training Course" was changed to the "Sino-US Cooperation Institute" and continued to hold various special training courses.
At that time, only the military command secret service agencies stationed in Xifeng County were:
Xifeng Traffic Station of the Military Command Bureau.
The National ** Military Commission is the Office of the Rest of the Army.
The 10th Special Technical Training Course of the Sino-US Cooperation Institute.
The Military Command Special Service Brigade rests on the Feng Guard.
The 1st Battalion and 2nd Company of the 5th Special Service Regiment.
2nd Special Service Regiment.
Military hospital. More than 14,000 people poured into this pitifully small county town with only about 2,000 inhabitants and its surroundings. At that time, the transportation was inconvenient, and the daily necessities were mainly solved on the spot. The people grabbed food, and the tense situation of the people's lives at that time can be imagined.
The county seat could not be crowded, and some military command organs had no choice but to set up in the countryside. In addition to the concentration camps in Yanglang, there are also concentration camps in the countryside
Dizhai Radio Technology Training Course.
The Second Electronic Training Station of the Military Command Bureau (the receiving and sending stations are located in Shuikou Temple and Wanxing Temple in Dizhai respectively).
Bottom Zhai Radio Factory.
Crow's Mouth Hydropower Station.
Operation Tide Martial Arts Training Class.
More than 10,000 people in the military command have to eat and drink, and the vegetables and meat they need are sent to the four townships every day to procure them. For a while, the people were full of resentment, but there was nothing to be doneThe people of Xifeng and the countryside have been tormented in this thick fog for eight years.
3. The fog gradually dispersed
August 15, 1945 was a day to remember. On this day, the Emperor of Japan issued an edict announcing his unconditional surrender. The War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, which had been fought hard for eight years, finally ended with the complete victory of the Chinese nation. The people immediately moved back to Nanjing, and the Military Command Bureau also moved away from Chongqing, the capital of Chongqing, to Nanjing. However, in Xifeng's second base camp, many military command organs have not seen any movement of relocation and withdrawal for the time being.
On March 17, 1946, Dai Li, the founder of the military command and a generation of first-class heroes, was killed in Daishan, Nanjing, due to a plane crash, and the sky of the military command collapsed. Soon after, under the pressure of the whole society to oppose the spy system, the national ** authorities announced the abolition of the Military Command Bureau and the establishment of the Secrecy Bureau, with Major General Mao Renfeng, former director of the General Office of the Military Command Bureau, as the director. Although this was Chiang Kai-shek's trick of changing the soup but not the medicine, the entire military command spy organization was already seriously damaged and was not as good as before.
At the end of the summer of 1946, all the secret services finally received an order to evacuate. Except for the Second Special Service Regiment, which was ordered to be transferred to Hunan, all other agencies and departments began to evacuate to Chongqing one after another. Some officers and men of the military commanders, who had already married wives and settled down in the locality, were approved to leave the army on the spot and stay in Xifeng.
After most of the military institutions were hastily withdrawn, on July 16, 1946, General Yang Hucheng and his family were sent to Chongqing, and the Xuantian Cave Prison was abolished. On the 18th, after killing a group and releasing some of them, the Xifeng Concentration Camp escorted the remaining 72 "prisoners" out of Maodong and went to Chongqing. The Devil's Cave, which lasted for eight years, was finally closed and locked. At this point, the eight-year reign of the military commander in Xifeng finally came to an end.
The fog finally lifted. After a few more years, Xifeng was liberated, and the common people completely turned over.
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