With the aging of the population and the improvement of people's material living standards, cataract patients with diabetes mellitus are becoming more and more common in clinical practice, and more than 20% of cataract surgery patients have diabetes mellitus in clinical practice. Diabetes is one of the risk factors for cataracts, which can increase the risk of cataract progression by 5 times, and cataract onset is 20 years earlier than the general population.
1. Why does diabetes induce cataracts?
In diabetes, blood sugar rises, glucose enters the lens increases, and the hexylokinase is activated by saturated aldose reductase, which converts glucose into sorbitol and accumulates in the lens, increasing the osmotic pressure in the cells, and the lens fibers absorb water and swell, resulting in the formation of lens opacity (cataract). Hyperglycemia is an important factor in promoting the occurrence and development of cataracts, so cataracts occur earlier and progression faster in diabetic patients than the general population.
2. What should I pay attention to if I have diabetes and cataracts?
1. Actively control blood sugar to prevent the early occurrence of cataracts.
2. When cataract affects vision and hinders work and life, surgery should be carried out in time under ideal conditions of blood sugar control.
3. If there is diabetic retinopathy, follow the doctor's instructions to actively ** fundus lesions.
4. Regardless of whether there is diabetes-related eye disease, it is important to have regular eye examinations.
For diabetic patients, the significance of cataract surgery is not only to restore part of the vision, but also to create the conditions for further diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic patients often have not only cataracts, but also diabetic retinopathy, uveitis and other blinding diseases. If the cataract is not timely, it will not only increase the difficulty of surgery, but also affect the examination of the fundus and the laser of diabetic retinopathy**, causing irreversible visual damage.
Dr. Tang Qiongyan, Director of the Cataract Specialty of Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, warmly reminds that cataract surgery can be performed when the ophthalmologist needs to conduct a professional eye examination and evaluation before cataract surgery, and the systemic indicators should be controlled in a stable stateBelow 3 mmol L, postprandial blood glucose control within 11 mmolL;For hypertensive patients, it is recommended to control blood pressure below 160 90mmHg;For patients on renal dialysis, creatinine is well controlled, and it is generally recommended to have an examination and surgery the day after dialysisPatients with previous cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction are generally stable for half a year before surgery.
Hunan Medical Chat Special Author: Du Juanjuan Follow @Hunan Medical Chat to get more health science information!
Edited yh) Ophthalmology Defense