Plant endogenous hormones are a class of trace organic substances that are synthesized in plants and play important physiological roles. They exert an important influence on the growth and development of plants by regulating processes such as growth, development, and adaptation to environmental changes. In this article, we will introduce the types, synthesis pathways, physiological effects and applications of plant endogenous hormones in agricultural production.
1. Types of plant endogenous hormones.
Plant endogenous hormones mainly include five categories: auxin, gibberellin, cytogen, abscisic acid and ethylene. These hormones have different synthetic pathways and physiological roles in plants, and together they regulate the growth and development processes of plants.
2. Synthetic pathways of plant endogenous hormones.
1.Auxin synthesis: auxin is mainly synthesized in the young tissues of plants, such as young leaves, shoot tips and root tips. The synthesis pathways mainly include tryptophan, indoleacetic acid, indolepyruvate, indoleacetaldehyde, and indoleacetic acid.
2.Synthesis of gibberellin: Gibberellin is synthesized mainly in immature seeds, young roots, and young shoots. The synthetic pathways mainly include tryptophan, glutamic acid, and gibberellin.
3.Cytokine synthesis: Cytokines are mainly synthesized at the root tip and shoot tip. The synthetic pathways mainly include purine bases, inositol adenosine and cytoses.
4.Synthesis of abscisic acid: Abscisic acid is mainly synthesized in the roots, stems, leaves, and fruit organs of plants. The synthetic pathways mainly include methylvalonic acid and abscisic acid.
5.Synthesis of ethylene: Ethylene is mainly synthesized in the fruits, seeds, and tissues of plants. The synthesis pathways mainly include methionine, formyl coa, and ethylene.
3. Physiological effects of plant endogenous hormones.
1.Auxin: The main role of auxin is to promote the growth of plants, including promoting cell elongation and **, as well as inducing the formation of lateral roots and adventitious roots.
2.Gibberellin: The main role of gibberellin is to promote cell elongation and **, promote stem growth and fruit development, and induce seed germination.
3.Cytogen: The main role of cytokine is to promote cell and tissue differentiation, delay the aging process, and improve stress resistance.
4.Abscisic acid: The main role of abscisic acid is to promote fruit and leaf shedding, inhibit cell ** and growth, and induce plants to adapt to poor environments.
5.Ethylene: The main role of ethylene is to promote fruit ripening, induce leaf shedding and senescence process, and participate in the stress resistance response of plants.
4. Application of plant endogenous hormones in agricultural production.
Plant endogenous hormones have a wide range of applications in agricultural production, which can regulate the growth and development process of plants and improve the yield and quality of crops. For example, auxin can promote crop rooting and increase transplanting survival rate;Gibberellin can promote seed germination and stem growth;Cytokines can delay the aging process and improve stress resistance;Abscisic acid can promote fruit ripening and improve shelf-tolerance;Ethylene can promote fruit ripening and improve oil recovery.
In conclusion, plant endogenous hormones are an important class of physiologically active substances, which have an important impact on the growth and development of plants. Understanding the types, synthesis pathways, physiological roles and applications of endogenous hormones in plants will help us better use these hormones to regulate the growth and development process of plants and improve the yield and quality of crops.