In February 1917, during the First World War, the February Revolution broke out first, and the Tsar was destroyed. At that time, a series of large and small Soviet powers, as well as bourgeois temporary, appeared in the territory. In October of that year, the left wing of the ** Social Democratic Labor Party headed by Lenin, that is, the Bolsheviks united with other left-wing parties to launch an uprising in St. Petersburg, which was the famous "October Revolution" in history, and established "Soviet Socialism" or "Soviet Russia", which was the foundation of the Soviet Union.
On December 30, 1922, five years after the October Revolution, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and the Transcaucasian Federation formed the "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics". However, at that time, the Soviet Union had only four republics: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and the South Caucasus Federation.
We know that the USSR eventually had 15 union republics, and the accession or formation of 15 union republics did not happen overnight, but took 34 years.
In 1925, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in Central Asia joined the Soviet Union, becoming the fifth and sixth republics of the Soviet Union, respectively. In 1931, Tajikistan was upgraded to a union republic, becoming the seventh member state. In 1936, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan joined the Soviet Union as union republics, and at the same time, the South Caucasus Federation was abolished, and Georgia, Amgegia, and Azerbaijan in the South Caucasus Federation were also added to the Soviet Union as union republics. The number of member states of the USSR reached 11.
In November 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Finland. The Soviet Union occupied more than 40,000 square kilometers of land in Finland and established the Autonomous Republic of Karelia, which was soon promoted to the "Karelia Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic" and joined the Soviet Union as the 12th union republic. In June 1940, the Soviet Union sent troops to occupy the three Baltic states and forced them to join the Soviet Union on the grounds that Lithuania had violated the treaty and formed an anti-Soviet military alliance with Estonia and Latvia. In June 1940, the Soviet Union sent troops to occupy Romania's Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, and annexed Bessarabia to the Autonomous Republic of Moldavia, which was soon upgraded to a union republic and joined the Soviet Union, bringing the total number of Soviet republics to 16. In 1956, the Soviet Union abolished the status of Karelia as a union republic and incorporated it into the Russian Federation. The republics of the USSR became 15. The Soviet Union remained in 15 republics until its collapse in 1991.
The Soviet Union went through the Lenin period, the Stalin period, the Khrushchev period, the Brezhnev period, and the Gorbachev period.
Gorbachev's reforms after coming to power eventually led to ideological confusion within the Soviet Union and in Soviet society. On December 25, 1991, Gorbachev announced his resignation from the post of commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Soviet Union and transferred the power to use nuclear weapons to Yeltsin of the Russian Federation. At this point, the Soviet Union officially collapsed, marking the official end of the existence of the Soviet Union as a sovereign state, both in law and in reality.