Colon cancer, as a developmentally retarded and easily detectable cancer, is often forgotten, resulting in the death of nearly 200,000 people every year.
Learn about it and prevent it – colon cancer.
With the improvement of people's living standards and the change of dietary structure, the incidence of colon cancer is increasing year by year. Colon cancer, as a developmentally retarded and easily detectable cancer, is often forgotten, resulting in the death of nearly 200,000 people every year.
Today, let's learn about colon cancer and effectively prevent colon cancer.
1. What is colon cancer?
Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract that occurs in the colon, accounting for the third highest incidence of gastrointestinal tumors, with a mortality rate of 1025 100,000, and is increasing year by year, ranking fifth among the causes of death from malignant tumors. It is more common at the junction of the rectum and sigmoid colon, with the highest incidence in the 40-50 age group, with a male-to-female ratio of 2 3:1.
2. Why do you get colon cancer?
*What is it?
The ** of colon cancer may be related to the following factors: 1. Diet and carcinogens: Countries with a high incidence of colon cancer have a large per capita consumption of animal protein and animal fat, which is positively correlated with colorectal cancer. High-fat, high-protein foods can increase methylcholanthracene in fecesAnimal experiments have shown that methylcholeracene can induce colorectal cancer. In addition, the intake of a high-fiber diet may reduce the incidence of colon cancer. If dietary fiber is insufficient, it is already one of the most important elements of colon cancer. The pyrolysate produced by high-temperature cooking of meat and fish food contains a variety of mutagens and carcinogens that can induce colorectal cancer in rats. Epidemiological studies have found that the intake of calcium and vitamin D in the population is negatively correlated with the incidence of colorectal cancer. 2. Chronic inflammation of the colorectum: such as ulcerative colitis and schistosomiasis, the intestinal mucosa is repeatedly damaged and repaired and becomes cancerous. 3. Genetic factors: Among the family members of sporadic colon cancer patients, the incidence of colon cancer is higher than that of the general population. 4. Others: People who have had colorectal cancer in the past have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer again than normal people. The risk of colorectal cancer is also higher in women with a history of breast, ovarian and cervical cancer. **The incidence of colorectal cancer in cancer patients who have undergone radiotherapy is 2 to 3 times higher than that of normal people, and it is increasing year by year after the age of 40.
3. What are the pathological types of colon cancer?
The bulging type is more common in the early stage of tumors, with shallow invasion, and as the tumor volume increases, it forms ulcers of different depths, and at the same time infiltrates deep into the intestinal wall, resulting in a disc-shaped or localized ulcer appearance. The infiltrating ulcer form is often a late manifestation of the infiltrating form. Tumors in the right colon are more common in the form of bulging and localized ulcers, while cancers in the left colon are more common in the invasive form and often lead to annular stenosis of the bowel.
4. What are the clinical manifestations of colon cancer?
There are no obvious symptoms in the early stage, and the cancer grows to a certain extent, and the clinical manifestations are different according to the different parts of its growth.
1. Clinical manifestations of right colon cancer: Abdominal pain: 70% and 80% of patients with right colon cancer have abdominal pain, mostly dull pain;Anemia: caused by necrosis, shedding, and chronic blood loss of cancer foci, 50% to 60% of patients have hemoglobin less than 100 g L;Abdominal mass: An abdominal mass is also a common symptom of right colon cancer.
2. Clinical manifestations of left colon cancer: blood in the stool, mucus and blood in the stool: more than 70% of the patients can have blood in the stool or mucus in the stoolAbdominal pain: about 60% present with abdominal pain, which can be vague and, when obstructive, may manifest as abdominal crampsAbdominal mass: The left side of the abdomen is palpable in about 40% of patients.
3. Symptoms in different course of the disease Early symptoms: Bloating, discomfort, and dyspepsia may occur in the early stage, followed by changes in bowel habits, such as increased stool frequency, diarrhea or constipation, and abdominal pain before defecation. Later, there may be mucus or mucopurulent bloody stools. Symptoms of poisoning: Due to tumor ulceration and blood loss and toxin absorption, patients can often be shown with anemia, low-grade fever, fatigue, emaciation, edema, etc., especially anemia and emaciation. Manifestations of intestinal obstruction: symptoms of incomplete or complete low intestinal obstruction, such as bloating, abdominal pain (gas or cramping), constipation, or stool. Physical examination reveals abdominal distortion, bowel, local tenderness, and strong bowel sounds. Abdominal mass: It is a tumor or a mass that is invaded and adhered to the omentum and surrounding tissues, which is hard and irregular, and some can have a certain degree of activity with the intestinal tube, and the tumor is more invasive in the advanced stage, and the mass can be fixed. Late manifestations: jaundice, ascites, edema and other signs of liver metastasis, as well as cachexia, anterior rectal foveau mass, supraclavicular lymphadenopathy and other distant tumor spread and metastasis.
5. How to prevent colon cancer?
Prevention of colon cancer starts with eating habits. Eat high-fibre foods such as mushrooms, fungus, seaweed, buckwheat, sweet potatoes, soybeans, green beans, corn and various fruits every day to keep your stools smoothReducing the intake of fats and animal proteins in food can reduce the carcinogen production and carcinogenic effects of their decomposition productsEarly detection of colon cancer and its precancerous lesions, and active intervention**, are the keys to reducing the incidence and improving survival.
Therefore, early screening is of great significance, and the following three types of screening can be done regularly:1Digital rectal examination;2.Fecal occult blood test;3.Colonoscopy. Prevention and treatment of precancerous lesions of colon cancer. For adenomatous polyps of the colon, especially familial multiple intestinal polyposis, early resection of the lesion is required. Active**Chronic colitis;At present, the most widely used drugs for chemoprevention are vitamins A, E, and -carotene, as well as 4-HPR, and high doses of vitamin C and calcium can also prevent polyp formation. Get physically active, preferably 30 minutes a day. Increasing activity can reduce the amount of hormones in the intestines, which can reduce the likelihood of colon cancer.
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