Home charging is one of the most important charging methods for new energy electric vehicles, which usually need to be connected to a 220V AC power supply, and the on-board charger (OBC) fixed installed inside the car converts AC power to DC power to charge the power battery.
So how long does it take for an electric vehicle to be fully charged using a home AC pile, and what are the factors that affect the charging time?Many first-time car owners don't know, this article gives detailed answers, can provide you with some reference.
There is a simple formula for calculating the charging time of electric vehicles: charging time battery capacity charging power, according to this formula we can roughly calculate how long it takes to fully charge, in addition to the battery capacity, charging power, these two factors directly related to the charging time, balanced charging, ambient temperature, etc. are also common factors that affect the charging time.
1.Battery capacity
Battery capacity is one of the important indicators to measure the performance of electric vehicles, the larger the battery capacity, the higher the pure electric range of the car, and the longer the charging time requiredThe smaller the battery capacity, the lower the vehicle's all-electric range and the shorter the charging time required, with battery capacities typically ranging from 30kWh to 100kWh.
For example, the Chery EQ1 has a battery capacity of 35kWh and a range of 301 kmThe Tesla Model X has a battery capacity of 100kWh and a range of 575 km.
Plug-in hybrid vehicles generally have a smaller battery capacity than pure electric vehicles, generally between 10 kWh and 20 kWh, so their pure electric range is also lower, usually between 50 km and 100 km.
For the same model, in the case of the weight of the vehicle and the motor power is basically the same, the larger the battery capacity, the higher the mileage, BAIC New Energy EU5 R500 has a range of 416 kilometers, a battery capacity of 51kWh, R600 has a range of 501 kilometers, and a battery capacity of 602kwh。
2.Charging power
Charging power is another important indicator that determines the charging time, and the higher the charging power of the same car, the shorter the charging time required.
There are two influencing factors for the actual charging power of electric vehicles, the maximum power of AC charging piles and the maximum power of AC charging of electric vehicles, and the actual charging power is the minimum value of the two.
The charging power of common AC charging piles is 35kw and 7kw, 3The maximum charging current of a 5kw AC pile is 16A, and the maximum charging current of a 7kw AC pile is 32A.
The maximum power limit of AC charging of electric vehicles is mainly reflected in three aspects, the first EV AC charging interface specification limit, for pure electric vehicles, part of the charging interface is 32A, so that the charging power can reach 7KW, and some of the charging interface is 16A, such as Dongfeng Junfeng ER30, the charging power is 35kw。
For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, due to the small battery capacity, most of them are equipped with a 16A AC charging interface, and the charging power is 3Around 5kW, a small number of models such as BYD Tang DM100 are equipped with a 32A AC charging interface, and the maximum charging power can reach 7KW.
The power limit of the second on-board charger, when using the AC pile to charge the electric vehicle, the main role of the AC pile is power supply and protection, and the component that converts the AC power into DC power to charge the power battery is the on-board charger, and the power limit of the on-board charger will directly affect the charging time.
For example, the BYD Song DM uses a 16A AC charging interface, but the charging current can only reach a maximum of 13A, and the power is limited to 28kw to 2About 9kw, mainly because the on-board charger limits the maximum charging current to 13A, so even if you use a 16A AC pile to charge, the actual charging current is 13A, and the power is 2Around 9kw.
Dillon New Energy is the leading supplier of high-quality on-board charger products in the field of electric vehicles, and it is reported that its on-board charger adopts advanced all-digital and silicon carbide technology, and its main advantages are high power density, high conversion efficiency and safety compliance5kw、7.Charging power of 4kw, 11kw and 22kw.
In addition, it can be installed in battery electric vehicles or plug-in hybrid vehicles to charge car batteries by converting alternating current from the grid to direct current, while being compatible with batteries of all chemistries and voltages of 400V, 650V and 800V.
Dillon on-board chargers have a wide range of voltage input and output, which can meet the charging standards of many countries and regions, including the United States, the European Union, Japan and China, and have a variety of on-board charger products with different power levels and voltage levels, which can fully meet the needs of different models of on-board chargers.
Thirdly, for safety and other reasons, some vehicles can set the charging current limit through the central control or mobile app. For example, Tesla can set the current limit through the central control, when the AC pile can provide a maximum current of 32A, but the charging current is set at 16A, then it will charge at 16A, in essence, the power setting is also setting the power limit of the on-board charger.
3.Equalization charging
Balanced charging refers to continuing to charge for a period of time after the completion of general charging, and the high-voltage battery management system will balance the operation of each lithium battery cell, which can make the voltage of each single battery basically consistent, so as to ensure the overall performance of the power battery, and the general vehicle AC charging equilibrium charging time may be about 2 hours.
4.Ambient temperature
When the temperature is low, the lithium-ion movement speed inside the battery decreases, the chemical reaction slows down, and the battery vitality is poor, which will lead to the prolongation of the charging time.
As can be seen from the above, the charging time derived from the actual charging power of the battery capacity is basically the same as the actual charging time, and the deviation is basically within 2 hours considering the balanced charging and ambient temperature.