The soil and water conservation plan of the production and construction project is not only the administrative license text of the administrative department to perform the management duties of soil and water conservation, but also the technical text of the construction unit to carry out the soil and water conservation work. Order No. 5 of the Ministry of Water Resources (amended by Order No. 24) "Administrative Measures for the Preparation and Approval of Soil and Water Conservation Plans for Development and Construction Projects" stipulates that the report on soil and water conservation plans of production and construction projects must be subject to technical review before approval.
The task and content of the technical review
The technical review is entrusted by the administrative department to review whether the soil and water conservation program report declared by the construction unit meets the provisions of soil and water conservation laws and regulations, industry policies and technical standards, and whether the scope, objectives, measures and investment of soil erosion prevention and treatment can meet the needs of the follow-up work of soil and water conservation of production and construction projects, and put forward technical review opinions as the technical basis for approving the soil and water conservation program.
The technical review should review and evaluate all the contents of the soil and water conservation program report, focusing on the following contents:
1.Scope and objectives of soil erosion control
Clarifying the scope and objectives of soil erosion prevention and control in production and construction projects is the basic task of the soil and water conservation program, which is the basis for determining soil erosion prevention and control measures and investment. In the soil and water conservation program, the scope and objectives of soil erosion prevention and control are reflected in the scope and area of soil erosion prevention and control, the prevention and control standards and the determination of six index values.
The scope of responsibility for soil erosion prevention and control includes the construction area of the production and construction project (including the permanent land area, temporary land occupation and jurisdiction area of the project) and the direct impact area (the direct impact area that the project construction may have on the surrounding area). In the technical review, it is necessary to focus on whether the scope of responsibility for soil erosion prevention and control is clearly defined and whether the area calculation is accurate. Under normal circumstances, it is relatively easy to determine the scope and area of prevention and control responsibilities according to the main engineering design data, but the following special circumstances should be noted:
1) For projects that cross county-level administrative regions, the scope and area of prevention and control responsibilities should be clarified according to county-level administrative regions
2) For projects that occupy sea areas, the scope of land reclamation to form land area shall be included in the scope of prevention and control responsibility (project construction area), and the scope of sea area used but not land area shall not be included in the scope of prevention and control responsibility;
3) For the project in the wind-blown sand area, the land for wind-proof and sand control measures carried out in order to maintain the safety of the project shall not be included in the permanent land occupation and temporary land of the project in the main project design.
The land occupation shall be included in the scope of prevention and control responsibility as a special land in the soil and water conservation plan. In practice, the calculation of the area of the direct impact area is arbitrary, the boundary is not clear, it is not easy to manage, and the impact is slight, so it is recommended to cancel the "Technical Code for Soil and Water Conservation of Development and Construction Projects" GB50433-2008 when it is revised.
The review of soil erosion prevention and control objectives focuses on whether the prevention and control standards and six index values determined by the plan comply with the provisions of GB50434-2008 of the "Soil Erosion Prevention and Control Standards for Development and Construction Projects".
The review should focus on the following issues:
1) When there are different standards for linear construction projects, the prevention and control standards and six index values should be determined in sections, and the comprehensive prevention and control target values should be calculated according to the weighted average of the disturbed surface area
2) In the projects lacking vegetation growth conditions and projects with special requirements, the forest and grass vegetation restoration rate and forest and grass coverage rate can be appropriately reduced according to the actual situation.
2.Evaluation of soil and water conservation of the site selection (line) and construction plan of the main project
An important task in the preliminary work of the construction project is to determine the project site (line) and construction plan, and the determination of the project site (line) and construction plan is of great importance to soil and water conservation. Engineering construction in key soil erosion prevention and control areas and ecologically fragile areas is likely to cause large soil erosion and seriously affect public interests and ecological security.
One of the important contents of the construction plan is to determine the plane and vertical layout of the project site, which plays a decisive role in the land occupation of the project and the amount of excavation and filling of earth and stone, which directly affects the surface area of the project disturbance, the number of borrowed earth and stone and the amount of spoil and slag.
Therefore, from the perspective of soil and water conservation, the evaluation of the site selection (line) and construction plan of the main project is an important means to implement the prevention measures of soil erosion, and is the key content of the technical review of the soil and water conservation plan.
The evaluation of soil and water conservation at the site (line) of the main project is mainly based on the soil and water conservation law, the Technical Specifications for Soil and Water Conservation of Development and Construction Projects (GB50433-2008) and normative documents, to evaluate whether there are constraints on soil and water conservation in the project site (line), and to propose solutions.
The technical review should answer the main project site selection (line):
1) Whether the key soil erosion prevention areas and key treatment areas are avoided, the projects involving and affecting drinking water safety, flood control safety, water resource security, etc. must be strictly avoided, and the requirements for improving prevention and control standards, strictly controlling the scope of disturbed surface and vegetation damage, reducing the land occupied by the project, strengthening project management, and optimizing the construction technology should be put forward for important infrastructure construction, important livelihood projects, and national defense projects that cannot be avoided
2) Whether it is in an area with serious soil erosion and fragile ecology, according to the restrictive provisions of the law, when it is impossible to avoid, the requirements for soil and water conservation should be put forward with reference to the previous article;
3) Whether it has avoided debris flow-prone areas, collapse and landslide danger areas, and areas that are prone to serious soil erosion and ecological deterioration;
4) Whether the soil and water conservation monitoring stations and key experimental areas in the national soil and water conservation monitoring network are avoided, and whether the long-term positioning and observation stations of soil and water conservation determined by the state are occupied;
5) Whether it is in the protected area and reserved area of the first-class water function area of important rivers, lakes and other rivers and lakes across provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) (if it may seriously affect the water quality, it should be avoided), and whether it is in the drinking water source area of the second-level water function area (if it has an impact on water quality, it should be avoided).
The evaluation of soil and water conservation of the construction plan is mainly to evaluate whether the construction plan meets the requirements of soil and water conservation according to the Technical Specifications for Soil and Water Conservation of Development and Construction Projects (GB50433-2008) and related industry technical standards.
The technical review should focus on the following:
1) Highway and railway engineering fill height is greater than 20m, excavation depth is greater than 30m, there should be a bridge and tunnel comparison plan;
2) The tower base of the transmission project in the hilly area should give priority to the unequal height foundation, and the tower crossing method should be adopted after the forest area
3) For projects that cannot avoid the key soil erosion prevention areas and key treatment areas, the engineering scheme should be optimized, the project area and the amount of earth and stone should be reduced, the bridge scheme should be given priority when the filling height of the highway and railway project is greater than 8m, the tunnel, directional drilling, pipe jacking and other methods should be given priority to the pipeline engineering crossing, and the stepped layout should be given priority to the industrial site in the hilly area.
The setting of spoil (stone, slag, ash, gangue, tailings) yards (referred to as spoil sites) and soil (stone, sand) yards (referred to as soil extraction sites) also belong to the content of the construction plan, and general projects (especially linear projects) are only implemented in the preliminary design or construction drawing design stage. The Soil and Water Conservation Law stipulates that the location of the dump site should be specified in the soil and water conservation plan, which is equivalent to advancing the setting of the dump to the feasibility study stage, so the setting of the dump site should also be the focus of the review in the technical review, mainly to check whether the site selection of the dump has the following conditions:
1) Whether it affects the safety of public facilities, industrial enterprises, residential areas, etc.;
2) Whether it is set up within the management scope of rivers, lakes and reservoirs;
3) Whether it affects the safety of flooding;
4) Laid in a ditch with a large flow rate, whether the flood control demonstration has been carried out. The setting of the soil extraction site needs to be considered in conjunction with the setting of the dump site, which is also the focus of soil and water conservation management, and its setting should also be the focus of technical review.
3.Soil and water conservation measures layout and typical design
In order to achieve the goal of soil erosion prevention and control, within the scope of soil erosion prevention and control responsibility, the core content of the soil and water conservation program is to lay out measures to prevent and control soil erosion in different regions, that is, soil and water conservation measures.
The technical review should focus on whether the system of soil and water conservation measures is complete and feasible, whether the selection of measures is reasonable, and whether the location of the layout is clear.
The key points of technical review of soil and water conservation plans for production and construction projects put forward the requirements for the layout of soil and water conservation measures (Appendix IV), including the form, application conditions and location of nine categories of measures, including topsoil protection measures, slag blocking measures, slope protection measures, water interception (drainage) measures, precipitation storage and infiltration measures, land consolidation measures, plant measures, windbreak and sand fixation measures, and temporary protection measures.
For example, the slag blocking measures are proposed:
1) Slag blocking measures should be laid downstream or around the slag disposal site;
2) If the slag dump is arranged in the ditch, a slag dam or slag retaining wall should be laid
3) If the slag dump is arranged on the slope surface, a slag retaining wall should be laid
4) If the slag disposal site is arranged on the bank of the river (ditch), the slag embankment shall be laid according to the flood control wire;
5) The location, structure and cross-sectional form and length of slag retaining walls, slag dams, slag dikes, etc. should be preliminarily determined.
Typical design is to select typical parts, lots or areas, and carry out the approximate design (or generalized design) of the typical section or plane layout of the laid soil and water conservation measures, and its purpose is to guide the follow-up design (preliminary design and construction drawing design) of soil and water conservation measures and roughly calculate (estimate) the engineering quantity of soil and water conservation measures.
It can be seen that the typical design is an important means to calculate the unit engineering quantity and estimate the total engineering quantity in the stage of soil and water conservation plan stage.
Key Points of Technical Review of Soil and Water Conservation Schemes for Production and Construction Projects" puts forward the typical selection and design requirements of typical designs, which is the main technical basis for the review of typical designs.
4.Soil and Water Conservation Investment Estimates
The task of soil and water conservation investment estimation is to estimate the total investment in soil and water conservation of production and construction projects and the sub-investment of each item according to the relevant provisions of the main project and soil and water conservation estimation (estimation) and on the basis of the estimation of the engineering quantity of soil and water conservation measures, which is the basis for the implementation of soil erosion prevention and control funds for production and construction projects, and its importance is undoubted.
The focus of the investment review should be to grasp the following:
1) Whether the principles of investment preparation are correct and whether the method is feasible;
2) The cost composition and unit price are determined to meet the specified requirements
3) Whether the total investment and various expenses meet the needs of soil erosion prevention and control.
At present, the main problem is that the revision of soil and water conservation estimates (estimates) and cost regulations is seriously lagging behind, which cannot meet the needs of rapid economic and social development, and should be adjusted in accordance with the relevant industry regulations and actual work needs in actual work.
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