Winter maintenance construction plan

Mondo Social Updated on 2024-01-30

1.Basis for compilation.

Regulations for the winter construction of construction projects (JGJ T 104-2011);

Building Construction Manual (5th Edition);

Construction drawings. In order to ensure quality and prevent the destruction of finished products on site after the winter break, the structure and corresponding equipment pipelines are frozen, and the safety accidents occur on the site during the winter break, which will have a greater impact on the construction in 2017.

2.Project Overview.

2.1 Local winter temperatures.

Annual winter temperature extremes: -328 to.

2.2. The overwintering maintenance project of this project.

2.2.1. The status quo of the project after entering the winter break.

Due to the winter break, the weather in the northern region is cold, the temperature is low, and the construction can not be carried out, combined with the current construction situation, the construction progress of the project after entering the winter break is as follows:

2.2.1 Maintenance time.

Combined with the winter temperature in Urumqi, the maintenance start time is the beginning of the project into the winter construction time building and its affiliated commercial buildings), about late October 2016, and the end time of maintenance is about early April 2017 (subject to the 2017 owner's notice of resumption of work).

2.2.3 Overwintering maintenance content.

According to the actual situation on site, combined with the current actual progress, the winter maintenance content of this year is as follows:

3.Construction deployment.

3.1 Organizational preparation.

The project set up a leading group for winter maintenance

Group leader: xx

Lead, organize, and coordinate all matters during the winter maintenance period.

Deputy Team Leader: xxx: Responsible for the implementation of winter maintenance measures on the construction site.

xxx: Preparation of winter maintenance plan, guidance and inspection of the implementation of winter maintenance measures.

xx: Inspect and implement the implementation of winter maintenance measures.

Each subcontracted project manager: responsible for the wintering protection within each subcontracted specialty.

Team members: xxx, xxx, xxx, xx, xx and the foreman of each work area and the foreman of each subcontracted site: specifically responsible for the implementation of winter maintenance measures on the construction site.

xxx: Responsible for logistics support.

xxx: Ensure that the water is used properly during the winter maintenance;Ensure the normal electricity consumption of lighting and heating, and be responsible for the safe electricity consumption of the construction site during the winter maintenance

xxx: Responsible for the safety and security of the construction site during the winter maintenance period, and responsible for the inspection and maintenance of maintenance facilities.

Each subcontracted production manager and foreman: specifically responsible for the implementation of winter maintenance measures on the construction site.

Each subcontracting project manager shall report the project members' information to the general contractor in a timely manner, which shall be sorted out and released by the general contractor office. All team members must be kept open 24 hours a day, and if there is a change, the new team should be notified of the change immediately.

3.2 Technical Preparation.

2.1. Prepare a special construction plan for wintering maintenance and submit it to the supervising engineer for approval.

2.2. According to the approved wintering maintenance plan, the technical and safety disclosure of wintering maintenance measures shall be carried out.

3.3 Preparation of supplies.

3.1. According to the approved overwintering maintenance plan, prepare a material plan for the materials required for winter maintenance.

3.2. According to the wintering maintenance material plan, the materials will enter the site in time.

Major material plan.

3.4. Workforce Preparation.

After entering the winter construction, according to the requirements of the plan, after the insulation and protection of the winter construction, due to the construction content, the location, in order to ensure the thermal insulation effect and fire safety of the winter construction site, the on-site winter construction period set up a wintering maintenance team of 50 people, 10 people on plot 2, 40 people on plot 3, divided into 4 groups, to inspect, restore, and heat preservation work on the site insulation and fire protection work in the construction process to ensure that the winter construction is carried out normally.

After the winter break, a 100-person winter maintenance team and 30-person security personnel will be organized to carry out construction and security work on the parts that need to be maintained on the site according to the maintenance content.

During and after the construction of each content that needs to be maintained, until the resumption of work in 2017, 60 security and maintenance personnel will be arranged to maintain the site.

4.Overwintering maintenance priorities and priorities.

The overwintering maintenance of this project is divided into overwintering maintenance during the construction process during the winter period or overwintering maintenance after the winter break.

4.1. Winter construction and wintering maintenance during the winter break.

At present, the main structure construction, decoration and installation works are mainly carried out at the same time. Therefore, the wintering maintenance of this project is mainly to prevent structural damage caused by frost heave of the foundation, the protection of reserved steel bars, the waterproof, fireproof and windproof decoration of decoration, and the protection of electrical facilities.

The main protective positions are:

1) The concrete floor at the entrance of the roadway, the tower crane or the foundation position of the construction elevator is too low due to the low ambient temperature, resulting in frost heave of the foundation.

2) The roof and floor openings are protected from rain and snow to prevent rain and snow water from flowing into the basement and causing frost heave.

3) The main structure is protected by exposed steel bars to prevent steel corrosion.

4) The decoration floor is blocked around to prevent rain and snow from entering and strong wind damage.

5) Equipment room protection to prevent personnel damage.

Therefore, how to ensure the closure or covering and insulation of the above positions during the winter construction and winter break of this project, so as to avoid damage to the structure, decoration and equipment caused by the harsh climate environment in winter.

4.1.1. About the foundation pit and indoor backfill work before winter construction.

Up to now, the handover of the underground garage of plot 1 has been completed, the backfilling of the perimeter of the underground garage of plot 2 has been completed (excluding the connecting lane), and the municipal pavement on the ground has been completed3. The backfilling of the garage roof of the plot is scheduled to be completed by October 31.

Therefore, the project will basically complete the peripheral work of all underground structures before the winter period of this year.

4.1.2. About the closure of underground structure openings before winter construction and after winter break.

Before the construction in the winter period, organize the wintering maintenance personnel to close and seal the openings and casing openings in the outer wall of the basement, install embedded casing pipes and small openings on the outer wall and roof to take rock wool sealing, and take erection of the frame body for the large openings of the exterior wall and roof or structural reserved orifice, post-pouring belt, settlement joints, deformation joints, tower crane reserved openings, elevator reserved openings, etc., and then use the way of covering rock wool quilt and waterproof fireproof cloth to block.

For underground lanes, ramps and other personnel passages, two thermal insulation roller blinds are set up to block, and the distance between the two thermal insulation roller blinds is about 10 meters.

For after the winter break, there is no large vehicle traffic, the ramp and lane position will be closed and blocked, leaving only personnel to pass through the thermal insulation roller shutter.

4.1.3 Insulation measures for underground structures such as basement floors during overwintering maintenance.

For the indoor basement floor, the backfill is used to cover the thermal insulation for insulation. The area coverage and construction method of the backfill are not detailed in paragraph 43 sections.

For some outdoor underground structures, they should be treated according to the actual situation. For independent column foundations, if the buried depth is greater than 2 meters (the permafrost depth in Xinjiang is about 15 meters), frost heave and overwintering maintenance are not considered.

For independent column foundations with a buried depth of less than 2 meters, overwintering maintenance will be carried out by covering the soil to meet the buried depth of 2 meters.

4.1.4. Closure of roof and floor openings.

All roof unclosed openings are closed with timber and formwork. The structural floor under construction is closed with a masonry retaining barrier around the opening, and the small opening is closed with a wooden square and a template, and the large opening is closed with a steel pipe frame and a template.

4.1.5 Protection of exposed steel bars.

See Section 43.2.Section 1.

4.1.6. Floor protection for fine decoration construction.

The openings around the fine decoration construction floor are fully enclosed, the window installation is closed, and the position of the window is not installed or there is no window is closed by wood and formwork. If the upper floor of the finely decorated floor can enter the rain and snow, all the holes will be sealed with waterproof sealing.

4.1.7. Protection of the equipment room.

The doors of all installed equipment rooms are locked, and if no formal doors are installed, wooden temporary doors are installed to close them.

4.2. Personnel organization and wintering maintenance during the winter construction process.

During the construction process, winter maintenance should be carried out in combination with the "2016 Winter Construction Plan".

1) The specific work of Dongwei:

A: Check the closure of the exterior wall, and restore the damage to the closure of the exterior wall doors and windows caused by various external factors in the construction process.

B: Inspect the temporary fire insulation to ensure that the fire pipe insulation works normally and ensure that the fire pipeline is in working condition.

c: Monitor the on-site insulation, especially at night, to ensure that the indoor temperature is normal.

D: Monitor the edge of the hole on the spot, and restore the damaged part in time.

E: Monitor the lighting of the construction site passage, power on in time, ensure the lighting, and check and restore the parts that are not illuminated locally.

2) Overwintering maintenance personnel work 24 hours a day to ensure the normal construction of the maintenance site.

3) The personnel are divided into two shifts, the day shift and the night shift are on duty in turn, and the responsibility is assigned to the district and the responsibility is assigned to the person.

4) The wintering maintenance personnel are assigned according to the construction situation of each building floor, and the wintering maintenance personnel are responsible for the manager of each work area.

5) Each group of wintering maintenance personnel must be equipped with an electrician to ensure that the lighting is inspected and repaired during the maintenance process.

4.3. Personnel organization and overwintering maintenance after the winter break.

The project will be constructed in the winter of 2016, mainly for the main construction of the 12th floor of the 3rd plot, the internal partition wall masonry, the internal masonry and plastering of the 13th floor, and the installation of the external curtain wall keel. Excavation of connecting lanes, main construction, and decoration construction of some shops and main buildings in winter without impact. After the winter construction, due to the low temperature, the construction could not be carried out, and most of the personnel left the site, and the site had to be maintained for wintering.

The main contents of wintering maintenance after the shutdown are the roofing of the plot, the roof of the garage, the finely decorated floor, the on-site fire protection, water supply, and drainage pipelines, the on-site maintenance, the closure of the floor passage entrance, and the wintering maintenance of the living area.

4.3.1 Overwintering Maintenance Staffing:

Personnel layout of the wintering maintenance team: due to the large number of professional subcontracts, in order to better do the wintering maintenance, the maintenance personnel allocation principle is as follows:

Each subcontracting unit is assigned at least one of them, one of whom is in charge, and the overall responsibility must be the management personnel of each subcontractor.

The professional and technical management personnel of the subcontractor of the water and electricity and equipment are responsible for the maintenance of the on-site water, electricity and fire protection.

Regardless of the subcontract, if there are no overwintering maintenance personnel, any losses incurred by each subcontractor shall be borne by each subcontractor.

4.3.2 Overwintering maintenance measures.

4.3.2.1. Overwintering maintenance of the main structure.

The basement and the main body should take the following measures before winter:

For the unfilled part of the basement, lay a layer of fireproof cloth on the ground within 2m from the outer wall of the basement, and then stack the bagged perlite 500mm high, stack 1500mm high and 600 wide on the side of the outer wall, cover it with fireproof cloth to prevent wind, and compact it with scaffolding board or soil bag (@1500*1500), see the figure below.

Tower crane and construction elevator foundation (located on the soil layer) above and around 1Lay a layer of fireproof cloth within 5m, and then stack bagged perlite 500mm high, cover it with fireproof cloth to prevent wind, and use scaffolding board or soil bag (@1500*1500) to compact.

The exposed steel bar is brushed with fly ash for maintenance, closed with 15mm thick plywood at the position of the post-pouring belt, the bottom wood square spacing is 300mm, and the masonry on both sides is 100mm high, and then a layer of fireproof cloth is laid on it, and then the bagged perlite is stacked 500mm high, covered with fireproof cloth to prevent wind, and compacted with scaffolding board or soil bag (@1500*1500), and the stacking width on both sides of the post-pouring belt is not less than 15m。The basement wall post-pouring belt is closed with precast concrete slabs and backfilled with sand to the basement roof.

After the construction is completed, the beams and slabs that have not reached the critical strength of freezing are laid with a layer of fireproof cloth, and then the bagged perlite is stacked 500mm high, covered with fireproof cloth to prevent wind, and compacted with scaffolding boards or soil bags (@1500*1500).

Concrete maintenance at the reinforcement of outdoor columns and shear walls: open the bagged perlite, fill the scattered perlite into the reinforcement gap, and wrap a layer of 50mm thick insulation quilt on the outside.

The rest of the embedded steel bars and iron components exposed to the air are reserved and brushed with fly ash slurry to prevent rust.

4.3.2.2. Winter maintenance of formwork, raw materials and semi-finished products of steel bars.

Due to the large-scale construction of the structure, there are more self-purchased turnover materials to be used, in order to prevent steel rust and formwork wood deformation, it must be maintained before entering the winter.

1) Overwintering maintenance of formwork.

The dismantled formwork is centralized, sorted and stacked, and tied with iron wire. It is strictly forbidden to pile up on the edge of the foundation pit and tie it firmly, cover it with a fireproof cloth and then use it and compact it with a scaffold board.

2) Maintenance of raw materials and semi-finished products of steel bars.

Carry out winter maintenance on the remaining steel bar raw materials on site to avoid unnecessary losses caused by the old rust of steel bars.

The overhead layer of not less than 100mm is stacked below the steel yard, and the steel bar is covered with a fireproof cloth waterproof layer, and the waterproof layer must be covered tightly, and the surrounding area is compacted with soil bags (@1500*1500).

3) Maintenance of construction machinery and equipment.

Steel bars and woodworking machinery: dismantle the motor, dismantle the corresponding switch box and distribution line, stack it under the steel bar operation shed, cover and keep warm with fireproof cloth.

Other small construction machinery: steel bar cutting machines and other small construction machinery are all stored in the warehouse.

Large equipment is powered off and anti-freeze maintenance is done to ensure safe wintering.

4) Maintenance of subcontracted materials.

For materials stored outdoors, the bottom is troublesome with an overhead layer of not less than 100mm, which is covered with a fireproof cloth waterproof layer, and the waterproof layer must be covered tightly, and the perimeter is compacted with soil bags (@1500*1500).

Materials stored indoors should be sorted and stacked neatly. Flammable and explosive materials are stored separately, and 2 fire extinguishers are placed every 20m. Fire extinguishers should be selected according to the type of material.

The non-water-resistant material is stacked in a dry position without water ingress.

A passage of no less than 1m should be left between the stacking rooms of each material.

4.3.2.3 Site closure.

After entering the winter break, due to the lack of personnel to carry out construction, most of the on-site power is dismantled, in order to prevent idle personnel from entering the site for safety, fire accidents, damage to machinery and equipment, etc., the site must be closed.

Basement: The staircase of the basement on the 9th and 11th floors is closed with wooden squares and formwork, and an inspection passage is reserved, and the door is closed and lockedThe entrance and exit of the driveway are closed by double-row scaffolding (horizontal distance * longitudinal distance * step distance is 900 * 1800 * 1800), and a layer of 10cm thick thermal insulation rock wool quilt and a layer of fireproof cloth are hung on the outside of the scaffold to close the holeThe basement roof pipeline wellhead and other reserved openings are closed with wooden squares and templates, and the upper part is stacked with 500 thick bags of perlite (non-ventilated areas can not be stacked), covered with fireproof cloth to prevent wind and fire, and compacted with scaffolding, and protective railings are erected around, and the short side of the hole is greater than 2m by the technical department to issue a technical contact sheet and then closed.

The building and its bottom commercial building do a good job of the first floor of the edge and the hole protection signs, the stairwell leading to the second floor is fully enclosed, each building only leaves a check door to lock the building and its bottom commercial building according to the winter construction plan. The security door on the first floor of the 6th and 8th floors is locked and closed, and there is an access control at the gate of the community on the west side, and only the maintenance team is allowed to enter the maintenance.

Roof: All unconstructed plane openings are fully enclosed with timber and formwork. The entrance without a water barrier is closed after the 100-high masonry is built and plastered around the hole. The rainwater inlet installed on the roof should remove the filter screen and plug the nozzle with plastic sheeting.

4.3.2.4. During the wintering protection period, the site is close to electricity and water.

Considering the emergency needs (such as: fire burst pipes), only the electricity for channel lighting and the secondary electrical box in the basement are reserved on site, and the corresponding power supply shall not be removed after the winter break to prevent emergency needs.

After entering the winter break, in principle, the ground will not be energized, but it is necessary to ensure that the switch boxes and circuits of each lighting power are normal, and the switch boxes must ensure that the on-site lighting is normal after being energized, so as to ensure that the on-site power is energized under emergency conditions.

In case of emergency, the lighting power supply is used for power supply, and a sufficient number of first-class distribution boxes are equipped at the same time.

After entering the winter break, stop all construction water on the site, and discharge all the water in all water supply pipelines, and only keep the on-site fire water for normal operation. The insulation measures of fire water pipes shall be carried out according to the winter construction plan.

The water supply pipe well in the living area is covered with 450mm thick bags of perlite for insulation.

4.3.2.5. Wintering protection in living quarters.

The perimeter of the living area is closed with color steel plates.

All maintenance personnel live in a centralized area, and boiler central heating is used.

Each security room on the site is heated by oil tin, and the domestic water pump room is heated by heat.

A centralized canteen is set up to provide free living for the maintenance personnel involved in wintering.

Subsidies are provided to overwintering maintenance personnel (tentative salary is paid at 300 yuan).

The canteen, living area, office area, and entrance and exit of each site are all monitored by weak current.

Each security guard and each subcontracted management personnel and team leader are equipped with walkie-talkies to ensure that the signal is smooth during maintenance.

Provide ** subsidy (200 yuan per person per month) to ensure that all parties can be contacted in time under special circumstances.

Provide two sets of warm clothing (400 yuan sets) and corresponding labor protection supplies for each protective personnel.

When the average outdoor daily temperature is higher than 5 for 5 consecutive days, the winter maintenance will be lifted. Before resuming production, the supervision should organize the construction units and owners to conduct joint inspections on the site, and all potential safety hazards can be resumed only after all rectifications are completed.

5. Temperature measurement and anti-freezing emergency measures for overwintering maintenance.

5.1. Set up a wintering maintenance and temperature measurement team.

In order to ensure the smooth progress of this year's winter construction, conscientiously organize and implement the winter measures, and complete the construction and production tasks on time with quality and quantity, the project department has paid enough attention to the establishment of a leading working group for winter construction temperature measurement headed by the project executive manager

Group leader: xx

Deputy team leader: xxx, xxx, xxx, xx, xxx, each subcontracted project manager.

Team Members: Overwintering Maintenance Team.

Division of responsibilities: Fu Bin, the project executive manager, is the general responsibility.

XX male is responsible for the organization and implementation of overwintering maintenance and temperature measurement.

xxx is responsible for the on-site organization and coordination and the actual situation of winter measures.

xxx is responsible for the management and process management of overwintering maintenance personnel.

XX is responsible for the process inspection and emergency treatment of overwintering maintenance.

xxx is responsible for the experience of overwintering maintenance and temperature measurement.

The overwintering maintenance team is responsible for the specific implementation and implementation.

Responsibilities of the Winter Construction Leading Group:

a) Formulate the project department's wintering maintenance temperature measurement plan and management system, and make the deployment and construction preparations for wintering maintenance.

b) Implement the technical and material preparations for overwintering maintenance and temperature measurement, and disclose and implement the implementation personnel.

c) Implement overwintering maintenance and temperature measurement to ensure the safety of structures and projects in wintering.

5.2 Temperature measurement for overwintering maintenance.

Temperature measurement time and requirements.

The tester, team leader, and project duty personnel are responsible for the temperature measurement work, and all personnel involved in the temperature measurement work should be conscientious and responsible, and have been trained in relevant knowledge.

5.2.1. Arrangement of temperature measurement points.

The temperature measurement point should be arranged in the construction site, in the greenhouse and outdoors not affected by rain and snow.

5.2.2 Temperature measurement requirements.

Outdoor and indoor temperature measurement is carried out by hanging thermometers.

After the temperature measurement is measured, the temperature measuring officer will record it in time, and the temperature measurement record form must have the signature of the temperature measuring personnel and the person in charge on duty.

5.2.3. Temperature measurement management.

The temperature measurement work of the project department is under the direct leadership of the wintering maintenance and temperature measurement team of the project, and is responsible for the temperature measurement leadership of the project. The person in charge on duty should look at the temperature measurement record every day, report to the chief engineer of the project in time if any abnormalities are found, so as to take measures in time, and the regional responsible engineer is responsible for the implementation of concrete insulation work and temporary treatment measures.

The project quality inspection personnel should check the on-site temperature measurement and thermal insulation every day, put forward rectification of the problems found in a timely manner, report to the project duty leader or chief engineer, and assist relevant personnel to deal with difficult problems related to winter application.

Temperature measurement personnel should be on duty 24 hours a day, implement a strict delivery system, temperature measurement personnel fill in the temperature measurement records in sections and keep them properly.

The temperature measurement personnel often get in touch with the insulation personnel, and if they find that the temperature changes sharply or the cooling speed is too fast due to improper insulation measures, they should immediately report to the concrete responsible engineer or project leader for processing.

The responsible engineer of the project area shall regularly submit the collected temperature measurement records to the project data clerk for future reference.

The overwintering temperature measurement can only be stopped after the approval of the project temperature measurement team.

Each subcontractor shall assign a special person to measure the temperature, and the temperature measurement record shall be handed over to the data clerk for archiving for future reference.

5.3. Anti-freeze emergency plan.

1) When the ambient temperature is measured, if the outdoor temperature is lower than 5, it will be reported to the leader on duty of the measurement team in time.

2) Before October 25, all winter maintenance materials will be brought into the site according to this plan.

3) When the average outdoor daily temperature is lower than 5, and the temperature continues to drop in the following days after checking the weather forecast, immediately report to the leader of the winter maintenance leading group, and carry out winter maintenance on the site without winter application according to this plan.

4) The maintenance of the winter construction area shall be carried out according to the "2015 Winter Construction Plan".

5) After the completion of the winter construction in each region, the winter maintenance must be carried out immediately according to this plan, and the winter maintenance leading group, supervision, and the owner must be qualified after joint acceptance.

6) The parts that do not carry out winter construction should start winter maintenance when the average daily temperature is lower than 5, so as to prevent the winter maintenance from being affected by too much winter maintenance work.

7) The first winter maintenance inspection should be carried out on the first day after entering the winter application.

8) The winter construction area should be completed only after passing the winter maintenance inspection.

6. Fire protection and security measures for overwintering maintenance.

All the staff of the winter maintenance team must strictly implement the "Regulations on Fire and Fire Prevention Management" and the relevant systems of the project department on fire protection and fire prevention, and it is strictly forbidden to use open flames.

The members of the Dongwei team signed the Dongwei fire protection responsibility letter to strengthen the sense of responsibility and prevent the occurrence of fire accidents.

It is strictly forbidden to use open flames during maintenanceFireworks are strictly prohibitedProficient in the application of fire-fighting facilities;Carry out daily inspection of fire-fighting facilities to maintain the integrity of fire-fighting facilities.

The members of the wintering maintenance safety and security team shall strictly abide by the relevant safety system of the project department, and shall do all the security work on site, strengthen duty and patrol, prevent the loss of materials and property, patrol the site in a timely manner, and shall not drink alcohol during work and leave the post without authorization. Unrelated personnel are not allowed to stay overnight, and irrelevant personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the construction site and making a good record.

During the winter maintenance period, all the other locations on the site were fenced except for the gate for closure. A security booth is set up at the gate, and the security guards are on duty 24 hours a day.

Appendix: Insulation thickness calculation

According to the construction manual and the "Winter Construction Regulations for Construction Projects (JGJT104-2011)" Appendix C, page 61: soil insulation and anti-freezing calculation, calculate the insulation thickness of the exposed soil, the concrete floor and shallow buried pipeline of Urumqi Wanda Plaza that reach critical strength are calculated as follows:

1) The insulation thickness of bare soil and concrete floor to achieve critical strength to prevent frost heave of soil.

h< h1*β1

where h1 is the thickness of perlite cm;

h - the freezing depth of the soil when it is not insulated (Urumqi permafrost 150cm, considering that the bagged perlite is loose and not compact, it needs to be multiplied by 1The looseness coefficient of 2, considering the uncertainty of the cold degree of the weather and the occurrence of accidents, needs to be multiplied by 12 safety factor);

1 - perlite on soil freezing influence coefficient 38;

1.2*1508 h1>47.4cm

Therefore, after the foundation pit is excavated to the elevation, the exposed soil and the concrete floor in the unbackfilled area of the lane entrance are 50cm to prevent the frost heave of the soil.

2) Calculation of pipe insulation thickness with insufficient soil covering depth.

H formula where h1 - the thickness of the covering soil is 20cm;

h2 - perlite thickness cm;

h - the freezing depth of the soil when it is not insulated (Urumqi permafrost 150cm, considering that the bagged perlite is loose and not compact, it needs to be multiplied by 1The looseness coefficient of 2, considering the uncertainty of the cold degree of the weather and the occurrence of accidents, needs to be multiplied by 12 safety factor);

1——Soil influence coefficient on soil freezing 1;

2 - perlite influence coefficient on soil freezing 38;

1.2*150<20*1+ h2*3.8 h2>42.1cm

Therefore, the thickness of the insulation layer (bagged perlite) above the pipe with insufficient soil cover depth is 45cm.

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