The first historical upheaval in China in the twentieth century was the Xinhai Revolution.
The Xinhai Revolution was a major change in Chinese history, which took place in 1911 and marked China's transition from a feudal monarchy to a democratic republic. This revolution led to the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, ending China's more than 2,000-year-long feudal monarchy and ushering in a new era of modern China.
The background of the Xinhai Revolution was the domestic and foreign crises of the late Qing Dynasty. Externally, the Qing Dynasty lost many wars to the Western powers and Japan, and lost a large amount of territory and sovereignty;Internally, corruption and incompetence are taking place, the people's lives are difficult, and social contradictions are intensifying. Chinese intellectuals began to seek ways of change, hoping to save the country from crisis through reform or revolution.
The immediate trigger for the revolution was the Wuchang Uprising. On October 10, 1911, an uprising broke out by the New Army in Wuhan, a day that came to be known as the "Xinhai Revolution". The uprising quickly spread throughout the country, and many provinces declared their independence, formed a provisional **, and opposed the Qing**.
One of the leaders of the Xinhai Revolution was Sun Yat-sen. Sun Yat-sen was a Western-educated revolutionary who founded the League with the aim of overthrowing the Qing dynasty and establishing a democratic republic. In the course of the revolution, Sun Yat-sen's ideas and leadership skills were widely recognized.
Although the revolution was a military success, it faced many challenges politically. Differences of opinion between the different revolutionary factions, combined with the control of the Beiyang warlords, plunged the country into years of civil war and chaos.
On January 1, 1912, China was officially established, and Sun Yat-sen was elected as the provisional great, which marked the phased victory of the Xinhai Revolution. However, due to the opposition of the northern warlords, Sun Yat-sen had to resign from the post of great ** and give way to Yuan Shikai. Yuan Shikai later tried to restore the imperial system, but ultimately failed.
Although the Xinhai Revolution did not bring immediate stability and prosperity, it profoundly changed China's political landscape. It overthrew the feudal monarchy, spread the ideas of democracy, republicanism, nationalism, and human rights, and laid the foundation for later democratic movements and social changes.