Three minutes to talk about culture
The western Hunan and Hubei base areas founded by Zhou Yiqun were divided, the situation was dangerous, the wars were frequent, and the base areas were unstable, and it was even more difficult to implement the land financial and economic policies issued by the Soviet region. For example, there are few correct financial constructions, and the main elements rely on robbery and kidnapping, there is no direct financial system, and the financial chaos at all levels has become a phenomenon of separate affairsThere is no special financial plan, on the one hand, there is no proper development of finances, and on the other hand, there is no way to properly save and even waste expenditures;There is no correct relationship between superiors and subordinates;There is no monthly budget report" ("Report on the Specific Situation in Western Hunan and Hubei", December 19, 1932, "Excerpts from the Financial and Economic Historical Materials of the Revolutionary Base Areas in Western Hunan and Hubei", p. 585).
The devastating flood in 1931 and the fourth encirclement and suppression of the Kuomintang in 1932 seriously affected the small financial revenue. In order to raise funds, "in an era when the financial budget was insufficient, a meeting of the financial leaders of each county was convened to apportion" and even "by various means to find rich peasants and merchants to impose fines, the judicial office became a ticket binding room." (Ibid., p. 559). * The Red Second Army is the best at tying tickets. During the march, dozens of Chinese and foreign meat tickets were marched with dozens of Chinese and foreign meat tickets from all over the country, including an 80-year-old private school teacher, a junior official, a female teacher, and two teenage children, about fifty or sixty people. It is very efficient to release people with money, and not to kill people with money. Bo Fuli, a Swiss-British missionary, wrote "A Western Missionary's Personal Experience of the Long March", which recounted being kidnapped by the Red Sixth Army in Huangpingzhong, Guizhou.
II. The peculiar experience of the march of the Sixth Army Corps. In a small mountain town in Guizhou, General Xiao Ke demanded a ransom of 700,000 yuan from his wife and several other foreign missionaries who had been arrested. Later, it was exchanged for ammunition, radios, batteries, and medicines. There was a rich young master named "Liao Fatzi" who was executed after failing to pay the money for a few months. "When the prisoners were brought next to us, we often heard the sounds of interrogation, torture, and counting money," and that after a while, the hostages were executed without paying.
In the base areas of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, in June 1928, the agrarian revolution was carried out, and the collective "co-cultivation system" (public ownership of land, joint production, and common consumption) was experimented with"Separate farming" (land is taken into public ownership and distributed to peasants for cultivation;The peasants have no property rights to the land, and the rest of the products belong to the peasants, except for the agricultural tax of 15 to 20 percent). (Wang Shoudao: "Report on the Work of the Special Committee of the Communist Party of China in Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces" (No. 4)) has failed.
In 1931, Li Lisan advocated the establishment of a Soviet-style collective farm. Pingjiang in Hunan Province also tried to set up "collective farms" to force peasants to merge land for collective production and distribution, but the peasants strongly resisted it, and the peasants strongly demanded that "the tiller have his own land." The Liuyang County Party Committee of the Communist Party of China also strongly promoted Soviet-style "collective farms", believing that it could "organize peasants and increase productivity". After the uprising in Guangxi, he found Wei Huiqun for "land reform" and also tried out the "co-cultivation system". Utopian socialism is divorced from China's reality.