Material purchase cost componentsThe cost of material procurement refers to the general term for all kinds of expenses incurred by the factory in organizing procurement personnel to carry out procurement activities according to the needs of business development.
Factories need to clarify the composition of material procurement costs and strengthen the management of various costs, so as to formulate targeted material procurement cost control measures to achieve effective control of material procurement costs.
The composition of material procurement cost includes three parts: material order cost, maintenance cost, and material shortage cost, as follows.
Subscription costRefers to the general term for the cost incurred from the time the order is issued to the receipt of the item
The order cost is divided into two categories: order cost and purchase cost, including requisition handling fee, inquiry and negotiation cost, material transportation cost, material insurance cost, material loading and unloading cost, material acceptance cost, material warehousing cost, etc.
Sustaining costsRefers to the expenses incurred in a series of activities to maintain the condition of the material
Maintenance costs mainly include the cost of capital for stockpiling, warehousing and storage, loading and unloading costs, depreciation expenses, material damage and deterioration costs, etc.
The cost of material shortageIt refers to the expenses caused by the inability of the purchased materials to ensure normal production and business activities
The cost of material shortage mainly includes safety stock cost, late delivery loss, loss of sales, customer churn loss, etc.
Procurement cost control process
Procurement cost control scheme.
1. Purpose. In order to strengthen the management of procurement costs, reduce procurement cost consumption, and improve economic benefits, this program is formulated.
Second, the scope of procurement cost control.
The control scope of procurement costs includes but is not limited to the following six categories: procurement plan, procurement, business, purchase order quantity, material distribution, and payment settlement.
3. Management responsibilities.
1. The purchasing director is specifically responsible for guiding and supervising the procurement cost control work.
2. The cost control supervisor and commissioner of the procurement department are responsible for the specific work of procurement cost control.
3. Other personnel of the procurement department and the finance department cooperate with the implementation of procurement cost control regulations.
4. The development and design department is responsible for the research and development of product substitutes and the promotion of factory standardization.
Fourth, procurement plan control.
1. The procurement plan of standing materials shall be formulated by the planning management personnel of the purchasing department according to the purchase application, inventory situation and material demand plan, and shall be submitted to the purchasing director for approval after being reviewed by the purchasing manager.
2. The procurement plan for other materials shall be formulated by the planning management personnel of the procurement department according to the procurement applications of each department, and shall be submitted to the procurement director for approval after being reviewed by the purchasing manager.
3. The procurement plan should be submitted to the financial department for review at the same time, so as to facilitate the arrangement of factory funds.
4. The procurement department must strictly implement the procurement plan in the implementation of the procurement process, and the change of the procurement plan must be signed and confirmed by the general manager before it can be implemented.
5 Items that are not included in the procurement plan are generally not procured. If it is really an urgent need for materials, the "emergency procurement application form" should be filled in, and it can be included in the procurement scope only after being approved by the general manager.
Fifth, procurement control.
1) Application and approval control.
Before the procurement department carries out material procurement, it should fill in the "material requisition", clarify the ** of the material, and implement it after the review and approval of the purchasing manager and the financial manager.
2) Control of procurement methods.
Procurement methods include bidding procurement, long-term fixed-point procurement, price comparison procurement, etc., the procurement department through the comparison of various procurement methods, to find out the lowest cost of procurement form combination to achieve the purpose of reducing procurement costs.
3) Inquiry control.
The purchasing department uses various channels such as the Internet, industry associations, and market prices to quickly obtain the most highest, lowest, and general information in the market, so as to ensure the efficiency of procurement inquiry.
4) Price comparison control.
The purchasing department analyzes the material specifications, quality, performance and other information provided by the top suppliers, and establishes a price comparison system.
5) Valuation control.
The procurement department set up a valuation team (composed of procurement management personnel, technical personnel, and financial personnel) to estimate more accurate reserve price information.
6) Bargaining control.
The purchasing department negotiates a reasonable decision based on factors such as the reserve price information, the market, the size of the purchase volume and the length of the payment period.
7) Establish a first-class file.
*The dossier includes the following two aspects:
1. The procurement department should establish a file for all procurement materials, compare the ** of each batch of purchased materials with the ** of the file, analyze the reasons for the difference, if there is no special reason, in principle, the procurement ** can not be higher than the ** level in the file, otherwise it should be explained.
2 The procurement department should establish a key material evaluation system, composed of relevant personnel evaluation team, regularly collect relevant information, analyze and evaluate the existing level, and evaluate and update the file.
8) Grasp the timing of the change.
Materials often change with the season, market supply and demand, procurement personnel should pay attention to the law of change, grasp the timing of procurement, save procurement funds.
9) Reward and punishment control.
If the actual material purchase ** is lower than the file ** or the factory maximum price limit, a certain percentage of the reward will be given to the handler. If the actual purchase ** is higher than the file ** or the maximum price limit of the factory, it must be confirmed by the purchasing department and approved by the general manager before the purchase can be implemented, and a certain percentage of the fine will be given to the handler depending on the degree of **.
Sixth, the first business control.
1. The procurement department should establish a first-class business evaluation system, and regularly assess and screen the first-class businessmen.
2. The indicators of business evaluation include product quality level, delivery ability, quality level, technical ability, after-sales service, staffing, existing cooperation status, etc.
7. Purchase order quantity control.
1. The purchasing department determines the safety stock according to the following contents: the material inventory table provided by the warehousing department, the unreached inventory table of the ordered materials provided by the merchant, the procurement plan and previous experience.
2. The purchasing department determines the best order quantity and order time according to the safety stock, the supply of goods, the time required for ordering, the amount of material demand, and the arrival time of cargo transportation.
8. Material distribution control.
a) Control of delivery methods.
1. There are four delivery methods: merchant delivery, consignment, outsourcing and self-pickup.
2. The purchasing department should choose the lowest cost delivery method according to the production needs of the factory and the situation of the supplier.
2) Control of modes of transport.
The purchasing department should reasonably choose railway, highway, waterway or air transportation according to the quantity and nature of the materials required by the factory, the distance of the road, the traffic conditions and the urgent need for the goods.
c) Control of transport routes.
After the mode of transportation is determined, the purchasing department determines the shortest transportation route to save transportation costs and transportation time, and the specific requirements are as follows.
1. In the case of a simple transportation route, the purchasing department can choose to use the method of manual calculation to find the shortest route.
2 In the case of complex transportation routes, the purchasing department can choose to use the network diagram model to find the shortest route.
iv) Control of the transporter.
After the mode of transportation is determined, the purchasing department needs to select a regular, qualified and well-served transporter according to the relevant regulations of enterprise procurement.
9. Payment settlement control.
1) The basic requirements for material registration.
When the purchased materials are registered in the account, the quality, quantity, specifications and models should fully meet the requirements of the purchase order.
2) Three conditions for payment of purchased materials.
When purchasing materials to pay, the following three conditions should be met, otherwise the Finance Department will not pay.
1 It has been included in the budget for the expenditure of capital in the current currency.
2. The current accounts of both parties are checked correctly.
3. The "Payment Application Form" has been signed and approved by the manager of the Finance Department.
10. Other means of control.
a) Finding alternative raw materials.
The development and design department should continue to study the alternatives of raw materials in order to avoid the risk of procurement binding and continuously reduce the procurement of raw materials.
2) Standardization.
The development and design department should become the promoter of enterprise standardization, implement the standardization of specifications, design common specifications for different product projects, fixtures or parts, reduce the number of customized products, and reduce procurement costs.
3) Strengthen negotiation skills.
Procurement negotiation is not limited to the first aspect, but also applies to some specific needs, using effective negotiation methods, it is generally expected to achieve a reduction of about 3% 5%.
4) Use of communication technologies.
When performing procurement tasks, procurement personnel should gradually realize the electronicization of procurement activities, reduce unnecessary tolerances, reduce procurement costs, and improve procurement efficiency.
5) Improve delivery deadlines.
When the purchasing department signs a procurement contract with a businessman, it should pay attention to clarifying the delivery deadline of procurement, so as to achieve a balance between the purchase order volume and the inventory maintenance cost, which is conducive to reducing the overall procurement cost.
vi) Planned bulk purchases.
Under normal circumstances, the order quantity of procurement is inversely proportional to the procurement cost, so the procurement department in the implementation of procurement activities, in the case of inventory and inventory cost allows, as far as possible large-scale procurement, so as to reduce procurement costs.