Elephant News reporter Lu Jiamin correspondent Yu Xiaojian.
Around 1978, the yield of wheat per mu in Xinxiang County was about 600 catties;In 2023, the highest yield of wheat here will reach 1,700-1,800 catties. In the past 45 years, the pride in wheat and the laughter in the wheat field have not only tripled the yield.
From the "household responsibility contracting system" in 1978 to the construction of the Central Plains Agricultural Valley in 2023, the hoe has become a drone, the roar of the machine has replaced the neighing of the donkey and mule, and even most farm work can be completed with the touch of a finger. The changes in the fields are due to the laborers' love for the land, and also deepen their understanding of this yellow earth.
Niu Xinyin, from a "hairy boy" to a "farmer breeder", he has dealt with the land for half his life, cultivated 8 wheat varieties such as Xinyuan 958 and Zhengyu 11, and witnessed the whole process of wheat germination and tillering in Xinxiang County, and the yield has tripled.
The land belongs to one's own, and every wheat seedling is a treasure
In the early 80s of the last century, Xinxiang County began to implement the household responsibility contracting system. Niu Xinyin's family was allocated more than a dozen acres of land, and the family was happy.
At first, everyone was not used to the new policy. When the farm is busy, several families still join forces to do farm work, and after finishing your family, you can get my family's family. Niu Xinyin said that at that time, there were many children in the village and few laborers, so the farm work was still in the form of a family, and they worked together.
According to Niu Xinyin, at that time, many people soaked in the field all day long, ploughing, top dressing, hoeing, and insect control, and the enthusiasm for farming was increasing day by day, and it was also more carefully managed. "In the process of hoeing, the weeds were removed, and I was afraid of pressing the crops, so I studied how to take steps, and the footprints did not press the crops. ”
Despite this, due to the backward planting technology and field management mode at that time, and the lack of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the yield of wheat per mu was only about 600 catties. "I can eat enough, but I can't eat well. "Throughout the year, the most eaten are steamed buns mixed with cornmeal and sorghum flour, and only during the New Year's holidays can you eat white flour steamed buns and noodles.
In 1989, by chance, Niu Xinyin followed his uncle who worked at the Institute of Isotopes of the Provincial Academy of Sciences and began to study wheat breeding. This is also the first time that the "hairy boy" in the village has left the countryside and followed his uncle to run in the wheat planting base of the province, learning Xi wheat seed cultivation and planting technology.
At that time, I was thinking about how to further increase the yield in the limited land and produce more grain, so that everyone could eat white buns and noodles all year round. Niu Xinyin said.
Say goodbye to livestock, and every family has a tractor
Before the 90s of the last century, almost all the countryside raised cattle, mules and other livestock, which were used to plow the land and pull rakes. Niu Xinyin can't remember when his family bought the first tractor, but he remembers that he was very happy after buying it.
It was a small four-wheeled tractor from Luoyang, thinking that I would finally not have to drive the livestock to plow the land in the future, it was too long and too laborious. Then the man sat there and easily ploughed the ground. Niu Xinyin said that it was also from that time that the village had all kinds of agricultural machinery, and farming methods began to change.
Later, with the popularization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, wheat production gradually increased. In the mid-90s, the yield of wheat per mu reached about 800 catties.
Our generation is a beneficiary of the household responsibility system. Niu Xinyin told reporters that the delivery of goods to households not only solves the problem of clothing and eating, but also improves all aspects of farmers.
The land is your own, and you decide what you plant. There is more room for choice, and high-yield, high-efficiency seeds and farming methods are welcomed by farmers.
Xinxiang County has become a "sweet spot" for breeding
Xinxiang County is located at about 35 degrees north latitude, located in the south of the Huanghuaihai area, with unique geographical advantages, suitable for the growth of various crops, and the results are more widely applicable, which is a "treasure land of feng shui".
Xinxiang County has attracted 6 experimental bases affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and more than 70 top agricultural experts in various fields have carried out scientific research here. More than 1,000 new achievements have been made from scratch, from embryonic to mature.
After his uncle retired, Niu Xinyin returned to Xinxiang County to conduct experiments in the original seed farm in Xinxiang County. In 2005, he selected and bred the first wheat variety with independent intellectual property rights in Xinxiang County - Xinyuan 958, which is a weak spring variety, suitable for planting in the middle and late stubble of our province, with disease resistance and high yield, and wide adaptability. It has been nearly 20 years since the approval was completed, and it is still the leading variety in the market, especially in southern Henan.
Niu Xinyin has selected and bred a total of 2 national wheat varieties and 6 provincial wheat varieties, which have been popularized and planted in the Huanghuai River Basin for a total of 20 million mu, with a cumulative increase of 800 million kilograms and direct economic benefits for farmers800 million yuan.
The subsequent reduction or exemption of agricultural taxes also reduced the peasants' burdens, including the policies on grain production that provinces, cities, and counties promulgate every year, as well as the state's preferential policies for the development of agricultural science and technology, all of which have virtually promoted the progress of agriculture. Niu Xinyin said.
According to the data, there are 22 seed enterprises in Xinxiang County, and more than 70 wheat varieties have been cultivatedWheat varieties cultivated by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Agricultural University, Northwest A&F University, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Academy of Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, etc., are bred here all year roundXinxiang County has been undertaking the production test and regional test of new crop varieties in Henan Province for many years.
In addition, the private breeding force in Xinxiang County is also developing rapidly, and there are currently more than 20 "farmer breeders" like Niu Xinyin.
With the help of the construction of agricultural valleys in the Central Plains, folk breeding is growing jointly
Without leaving home, I know the moisture, temperature and seedling conditions in the fieldField management at your fingertips;With a handheld remote control, you can complete hundreds or thousands of acres of "flight defense" ......This is the scene that happened in the high-standard farmland of Xinxiang County.
Xinxiang County has given full play to its scientific and technological advantages, and has completed the construction of 150,000 acres of high-standard farmland demonstration area in accordance with the integrated construction model of "investment, financing, construction, operation and management".
We are also the biggest beneficiary of high-standard farmland construction. Our experimental base is more standardized, more scientific and reasonable. "Coincidentally, Niu Xinyin's 100 acres of breeding test base, 500 acres of breeding demonstration base, and more than 10,000 acres of seed production base are all included in high-standard farmland.
Xinxiang County is located in the western area of the Central Plains Agricultural Valley, with improved seed breeding as the core, to create a high-tech transformation and integration area. Zhu Xiancheng, secretary of the Xinxiang County Party Committee, said that the local government will base itself on the functional positioning of the western district, make every effort to do a good job in the construction of 200,000 mu of seed fields, promote the collaborative efforts of scientific research institutes and local seed industry enterprises, realize the rapid transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the seed industry, and build a strong county with integrated modern seed industry of "breeding, breeding and pushing".
In June 2023, Xinxiang County will complete the harvest of 200,000 mu of wheat seed breeding base, with a total of 94 million kilograms of wheat seeds and 70 varieties, and 62 million kilograms of wheat seeds stored by enterprises in the jurisdiction, and 52 million kilograms of wheat commercial seeds processed into wheat commercial seeds after processing and selection.
Returning to the identity of "farmer breeder", Niu Xinyin wants to rely on the construction of the Central Plains Agricultural Valley, produce more results, produce results quickly, and grow up quickly. "We need to consider the advantages of the variety in many aspects, not only the yield, but also the resistance to disease, disaster, lodging, and in the future, the quality of the opinion. ”
Editor: Chen Peichuang, Wei Jiaxi Editor: Yao Dongmei.
*: Elephant News).