Guidelines for the protection of safe production and life after the earthquake.
Core Tips. After the end of the search and rescue work, the post-earthquake prevention, control of the outbreak of infectious diseases, the prevention of secondary disasters and the post-earthquake reconstruction in the low temperature environment have attracted great attention, and it is particularly important to do a good job of personal protection.
Six ways to prevent secondary disasters after an earthquake.
1. Prevention of infectious diseases.
*Diseases that are prone to occur later include intestinal infectious diseases, respiratory infections, zoonotic diseases, contact and soil-borne diseases, etc. Water sources should be protected, raw water should not be drunk, no open defecation, cold and warmth, respiratory infectious diseases such as colds, tracheitis, and epidemics should be prevented, and garbage and dirt should be removed in a timely manner, and environmental disinfection should be done.
2. Frostbite after disaster prevention.
Be sure to take measures to keep warm from the cold, especially to keep your head, hands and feet warm, to prevent frostbite, and try to avoid contact with cold water. Keep gloves and shoes dry, and if frostbite occurs, take immediate steps to relieve it, such as soaking it in warm water or applying frostbite cream.
3. Prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Attention should also be paid to the safety of heating in emergency tents, and beware of carbon monoxide poisoning when using open flames. Once it happens, the poisoned person should be quickly taken away from the scene, transferred to a place with fresh air and good ventilation, loosened the collar and trouser belt of the poisoned person, and put his head flat to keep his breathing smooth, and then make further progress.
Fourth, prevent wound infection.
If there is an injury, avoid direct contact with soil and sewage from the broken wound. Personnel who have been damaged due to various reasons must be sent to the hospital in time to debride and suture the wound, inject tetanus antitoxin, and give effective anti-inflammatory symptoms.
5. Food poisoning prevention.
Pay attention to food hygiene, do not eat spoiled or damp and mildewy food, do not rinse your mouth with dirty water or wash fruits and vegetables.
Sixth, pest control.
It is also necessary to manage poultry and livestock, and do not landfill dead livestock privately, but dispose of them in a centralized manner. Temporary shelters and relief tents should be set up in high-level, dry and sunny areas, and rodent-proof ditches should be dug around them. Try not to sleep on the floor to reduce the chance of contact between people and rats, insects, etc.
Post-earthquake reconstruction in a low-temperature environment.
Post-earthquake reconstruction in a low-temperature environment is a difficult task, which will not only affect the performance of building materials, but also increase the difficulty of construction, so how to solve the problem of post-earthquake reconstruction in a low-temperature environment is an important challenge that must be faced.
First, the choice of building materials.
In low temperature environments, some commonly used building materials may have the problem of performance degradation. For example, concrete hardens at low temperatures, resulting in a reduction in the strength of the building structure. Therefore, it is necessary to choose building materials that can maintain stable performance at low temperatures. For example, the use of special antifreeze can improve the frost resistance of concrete, so that it can still maintain good performance in low temperature environments;After the concrete is done, the overall structure can be insulated with insulation measures, such as covering insulation quilts or heating equipment, etc., to provide suitable temperature conditions, promote the reaction and solidification process of cement, and reduce the possibility of shrinkage and deformation.
2. Reasonable insulation design.
In low temperature environments, the thermal insulation performance of buildings is very important. The thermal insulation performance of the building can be improved by increasing the insulation layer of the building and using efficient insulation materials. In addition, post-earthquake reconstruction requires further consideration of the building's heating system. In low temperature environments, heating systems need to be designed and operated more elaborate and efficient to ensure the comfort and safety of residents.
3. Building construction in a low-temperature environment.
In a low temperature environment, the difficulty of construction will increase significantly. The post-earthquake reconstruction process needs to consider how to protect the safety of workers, how to ensure the quality of construction, and how to reduce construction time. For example, special construction techniques for winter, such as heating concrete, using antifreeze, etc., can be used to solve these specific problems.
Fourth, the solution to the problem of living in a low temperature environment.
In a low-temperature environment, the housing problem of residents may be more serious. Consideration needs to be given to how to provide adequate housing, how to ensure the quality of housing, and how to improve the quality of life of residents. For example, these problems can be solved by building temporary shelters, providing heating equipment, providing necessities, etc.
5. Improve the seismic performance of the house.
Post-earthquake reconstruction should focus on improving the seismic performance of houses, introducing advanced earthquake-resistant technology, and carrying out strict earthquake-resistant fortification of rebuilt houses.
Cold-proof measures in low-temperature environments.
*After the occurrence, the heating facility may not function properly due to the collapse of the house, the interruption of the electrical circuit, etc. In this case, try to look for items that can keep you warm, such as blankets, down jackets, warm babies, etc. At the same time, try to stay indoors and avoid staying outdoors for long periods of time to prevent cold.
1. Keep warm reasonably.
In the aftermath of a disaster, power outages and heating failures may occur even indoors. Therefore, it is particularly important to keep warm properly. Here are some practical ways to do it:
1.Wear the right clothing: Choose a multi-layered clothing combination, including thermal underwear, sweaters, puffer jackets, etc., and add or remove clothing as needed. If you have a sleeping bag or air mattress, you can use them to keep warm from the cold. In addition, look for convenient warmth tools such as warming your baby and attach them to intimate clothing to provide local warmth, which can both maintain body temperature and adjust according to indoor and outdoor temperatures.
2.Pay attention to warm materials: When choosing clothes, try to choose materials with good thermal effect, such as wool, duck down, goose down, etc. These materials provide better insulation and help reduce heat loss.
3.Keep your head, hands, and feet warm: These are the areas where the body dissipates the most heat, and measures such as wearing hats, gloves, and socks can effectively reduce heat loss.
4.Warm up tips: Wrap two blankets around your waist and abdomen and secure them with plastic wrap or plastic bags, or put the rubbed newspaper in a plastic bag and put your feet in them.
2. Calorie intake.
*In the aftermath of the disaster, food shortages may result from dietary restrictions and inconvenient transportation. In this case, we need to pay attention to maintaining caloric intake and strengthening the body's resistance.
1.Prioritize high-calorie foods: Choose calorie-rich foods reasonably, such as nuts, meat, legumes, etc., to help improve the body's calorie supply and enhance immunity. Drinking some hot beverages can also help keep the body warm, opt for hot tea, hot soup, hot water, etc., which provide heat and warm the inside of the body. But be careful not to drink too much alcohol to keep out the cold.
2.Enhance vitamin intake: Consume a rich amount of vitamins and vitamins that help boost immunity and prevent the occurrence of colds and other diseases.
3.Rational distribution of food: If food is limited, food resources should be allocated reasonably to avoid waste. Food intake can be reasonably arranged according to the energy requirements of each meal.
3. Exercise moderately.
*After a disaster, a prolonged power outage or heating outage will cause the indoor temperature to drop and blood circulation will become poor. Proper exercise can help improve blood circulation and reduce the risk of hypothermia.
1.Indoor exercise: Indoor aerobic exercises, such as skipping rope, boxing, yoga, etc., can effectively activate the body and raise body temperature.
2.Massage health: Self-massage to promote blood circulation is also a good option, which can be achieved by rubbing the arms, legs, etc.
3.Get up and move regularly: Sitting for a long time will cause the body to chill, get up and move regularly, stretch the muscles and bones, and move the muscles, which can help promote blood circulation.
Tips for food safety after the earthquake.
1. Key points of food safety.
1.Strictly prevent food from being contaminated by bacteria, mold, parasites and other insects and chemicals;
2.Raw meat, poultry and aquatic products should be kept separate from other foods;
3.Salt should be avoided with impurities;
4.Meals should be cooked thoroughly, ready to eat;
5.Food processing sites should have anti-fly and anti-rodent measures;
6.Do not wash fruits and vegetables with dirty water;
7.Drink clean drinking water, raw water should be boiled before drinking;
8.Wash your hands before eating and after using the toilet, and before processing foods
9.Raw and cooked foods should be made and placed separately, and cutting boards, knives and containers should not be shared when making;
10.Meals should be eaten and cooked as soon as possible after cooking, and leftover meals should be refrigerated in time, ensure that they have not deteriorated before eating, and be thoroughly heated before eating.
2. What foods should not be eaten?
1.Food soaked in water;
2.Dead livestock, poultry, aquatic products;
3.Rotten vegetables, melons and fruits pressed in the ground;
4.**Unknown food without clear food labeling;
5.Severely moldy rice, wheat, etc.;
6.Unrecognizable mushrooms and other moldy foods;
7.Cooked food that has been left for more than an hour after processing, etc.;
8.Coleslaw and wildlife;
9.Packaged food with damaged packaging or past its expiration date.
Electricity safety for residents in disaster areas.
1. After the first day, the house is cracked or damaged, and the owner who has been allowed to move in by the first department shall inspect and confirm the qualification of his own electricity facilities before using electricity.
2. When temporary electricity is needed, it should go to the local power supply department to go through the formalities for electricity use, and it should be installed by a qualified electricianTemporary electricity should be insulated with well-insulated and undamaged insulated wires, and should not be dragged on the ground, and it is strictly forbidden to hook up electricity.
3. When building temporary settlements, stay away from power facilities, do not build below power lines, and do not use electric poles and cables as support.
Fourth, do not use large-capacity electrical equipment at the same time, prohibit unauthorized connection of electrical lines, prohibit the use of electrical appliances that do not meet safety requirements, and prevent fire. When using electric heating equipment, electric irons, electric soldering irons and other electric heating devices, you must keep away from flammable materials, cut off the power supply after use, and unplug the latch to prevent accidents. Do not use heating appliances for long periods of time when unattended.
Fifth, the lamp line should not be too long, and the lamp head should not be less than one meter from the ground. The lamp head should be fixed to avoid damaging the wires or lamp heads, causing electric shock accidents.
6. Do not touch electrical appliances and lamp heads with wet hands, and do not move lights and wires with electricity. When wiping lamp heads, switches, and electrical appliances, disconnect the power supply, and when replacing light bulbs, stand on a dry wooden bench and other insulating materials.
7. Do not hang clothes on wires, keep enough distance between the wires and wires for drying clothes, and avoid wrapping together. Do not tie wires and other ropes for drying clothes on poles and cables.
8. Educate children not to play with electrical equipment, not to climb poles, not to climb transformers, not to shake cables, not to get close to generators, and not to enter substations.
9. If someone is found to be electrocuted, do not pull the electrocuted person with your bare hands, and disconnect the power supply as soon as possible for timely rescue.
Pay attention to the prevention of respiratory diseases.
First, the people in the disaster area are relatively dense, the flow of people is large, and the contact is frequent. Acts such as coughing, sneezing, spitting, etc., can cause the spread of viruses and bacteria, which can cause various respiratory diseases. Recently, it is a period of high incidence of respiratory diseases, and everyone is reminded to do a good job of personal protection while doing a good job of emergency avoidance.
2. The recent temperature changes greatly, the lowest temperature at night in the earthquake area is about 14, and the dry cold air will damage the respiratory mucosa and constrict the airway, causing respiratory symptoms such as cough, wheezing, and increased sputum, and aggravate existing respiratory diseases. Therefore, disaster relief personnel should take measures to prevent cold and keep warm, and at the same time pay attention to the warmth of the head, hands and feet to prevent frostbite. In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to fire safety when heating emergency tents, and beware of carbon monoxide poisoning when using open flames.
3. After sneezing, coughing, before eating, after using the toilet, after touching and handling suspected pollutants, do a good job of hand hygiene, and avoid touching the mouth, nose and eyes with your hands.
4. Do not spit, and cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when you sneeze or cough.
5. Do not share towels, toothbrushes, facial water, tableware, etc. with others.
6. Close contact between people in collective places in the disaster-stricken areas after the earthquake can easily lead to the spread of respiratory diseases, so personal protection should be done when conditions permit, and the flow of people should be reduced.
7. Do a good job of self-health monitoring. If you have respiratory symptoms such as fever, sore throat, cough, etc., you should wear a mask in time, do a good job of protection, avoid going to crowded places, and seek medical help in time if the symptoms are severe.
8. Wound disinfection should be done well after the earthquake.
If you are injured at **time**, be careful** if the wound or mucous membrane comes into direct contact with soil or contaminants and causes infection, causing gas gangrene and tetanus. Therefore, do not delay after the injury, you must thoroughly debride, apply anti-inflammatory, and inject tetanus shots in time.
Related Links: What first aid items are needed after an earthquake.
First aid kit: Includes basic first aid supplies such as bandages, antiseptic gauze, band-aids, disinfectants, hemostatic herbs, or hemostatic powder.
Medical equipment: such as gloves, masks, medical scissors, medical clips, etc.
Medicines: Some basic medicines such as painkillers, antibiotics, trauma medications, etc.
Emergency lights: flashlights, candles, etc., with batteries or hand-cranked generators to ensure there is lighting in the event of a power outage.
Food and water: Durable stockpiles of non-perishable food and drinking water for survival.
Warm items: Gauze, blankets, sleeping bags, etc., can provide warmth, as it may cause damage to the building and a drop in temperature.
Communication tools: wireless radio, hand-cranked charger, spare batteries for emergency information.
Multi-purpose tools: such as Swiss army knives, multi-purpose tools, convenient to deal with various emergency situations.
Personal documents and important items: photocopies of personal documents, insurance policies, cash, etc., in case of emergency.
Personal hygiene products: toothbrushes, toothpaste, wet wipes, feminine hygiene products, etc.
Sketches and emergency plans: Includes maps, emergency plans, emergency contact information, and more.
This article is edited and comprehensively organized).