Wood worms. Today, I would like to briefly talk about the relationship between Chinese culture and modern civilization, of course, it is a personal understanding, where I think of it, where it is said, what is inappropriate, please criticize and correct.
In fact, traditional culture roughly includes ten aspects: written language, Chinese culture, poetry and song, quyi and dance, chess, piano, calligraphy and painting, architecture, production and living tools, ceramics, bronzes, myths and legends, and folk art. Wait, wait.
Among them, the most important is the transmission and progress of written language, production and living tools, that is, clothing, food, housing, transportation and survival, followed by the spread of Chinese culture and art.
First of all, it is necessary to understand that any culture is a derivative of the process of human existence, and its overall purpose is to survive better, or to relieve the pressure of survival, not to make art for art's sake. Even the most touching literary and artistic works are sighs made in the process of human existence, and they are by no means pretentious showmanship.
Sinology is generally understood as the hundred schools of thought with "Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Law and Ink" as the core. This occupies an extremely important place in traditional culture, because it represents the essence of ancient oriental thought.
The Confucianism we are talking about is actually Confucian (Confucius) Confucianism, Meng (Mencius) Confucianism, Xun (Xunzi) Confucianism, Dong (Dong Zhongshu) Confucianism, Zhu (Zhu Xi) Confucianism, and Wang (Wang Yangming) Confucianism.
Confucianism has three characteristics:
The first is to take "etiquette" as the core. Don't get confused. Many masters of Chinese studies have not figured this out. "Li" is the "law" and foundation of Confucianism, without "Li", everything else is empty. Of course, this is a personal opinion of the woodworm.
The second is to become more and more degenerate. Generation after generation is more severe and harsh, generation after generation to safeguard the interests of rulers, generation after generation deviates from basic human nature. For example, Dong Zhongshu talked about the Son of Heaven, the induction of heaven and man, and the way for heaven, but Zhu Xi actually asked women to be buried and martyred. After the death of the husband, those who have no children should be buried together, and those who have children should be martyred. The woman was bound with her feet and could not go out. Wait, brutal ** women. Confucius's benevolence, Mencius's concept of people-oriented is almost completely lost!
The third is to transfer family kinship to the social and political governance system, which can be said to be a Confucian invention and creation, however, it is this that has caused long-term social harm. In ancient times, many rulers came up to be the fathers of the people, the so-called Qingtian lord, who took care of everything, so the people will never grow up.
Legalism also has three characteristics:
First of all, we must know that the law of the ancient Legalists is not the law of a society governed by the rule of law, let alone the rule of law in modern civilization, but a model of the rule of man. Legalism is the rule of man, not the rule of law, but just a means of man's rule.
Second, the equality that the Legalists talk about is not that everyone is equal before the law, but that the punishment is not equal to the doctor, that there is a difference between the government and the people, and that the emperor and the imperial family are especially brought out of the law. That is, it is the equality of categories, and its essence is inequality.
Thirdly, Legalism and Confucianism are essentially to maintain the rule and power of the emperor. The Confucian "rite" law has been transformed into a "law" ritual of Legalism. "Rites" and "Laws" are in the same vein, and their essence is the same. Therefore, we often say that the outer law is the same as the internal Confucianism, the Confucianism is the same way, and the Confucianism is the same system, and this must be understood.
Confucianism uses "rites" to clean you up!The Legalist uses the "Law" to clean you up!
Buddhism and Taoism are broad and profound, and today I will not talk about their contents, but only say a few words about their social existence.
First, why did Buddhism and Taoism degenerate into Buddhism and Taoism, and became a pure spiritual pursuit?This is directly related to Confucianism and Legalism, and it can be said that the opposite is the opposite.
Confucianism says that self-cultivation and unity govern the country and level the world, and make meritorious contributions to others and society, which is a positive and enterprising type, focusing on building society. Buddha and Tao are just the opposite, pay attention to the cultivation of the mind, do not ask about the world, and focus on the construction of the heart and spirit. Therefore, the universal sentient beings of Buddhism are not to rescue sentient beings from real life and society, so that everyone can live a good life, but to let everyone escape from life, return to the depths of their hearts, send love to the mountains and rivers, and heal themselves to save themselves.
Second, why are the Buddhas and Taos so easy to be exploited by bad people?In real life, some bad people wear the cloak of Buddha and Taoism, accumulate money, deceive the world and steal fame, men and women prostitutes, which is shocking.
No matter how profound it is, in short, it is something that cannot be seen or touched. Buddhism is pinned on the afterlife, and Taoism is pinned on the flesh to become immortals. This kind of ambiguity and illusion can be exploited by people with ulterior motives, and it can also be better fooled by the unenlightened sentient beings.
Buddha and Tao can ** the mind, relieve the pressure and suffering of survival, and depict an illusory and beautiful future.
Buddhism, in its birthplace of India, has been gradually disappearing, and Taoism is also a small and rare existence. The reason why they can be passed down in China is that I believe that the main reason is to make up for the shortcomings of Confucianism and Legalism, and they are a kind of concept that exists in opposition to Confucianism.
Wood worm believes that if you enter the Buddha or the Tao, and you want to become famous, become a family, and become rich and immortal, this is funny in itself. This is how many so-called masters deceive the world and steal their reputations.
Let's talk about the Mo family.
The core tenet of Mohist is to "prosper the benefits of the world and eliminate the evils of the world". Among them, there are ten major propositions such as love, non-attack, Shangxian, Shangtong, Tianzhi, Ming ghost, non-life, non-music, thrift, and funeral. In particular, both love, ghosts, non-life, and non-attack are all very distinctive!
Mohists represent the thinking and rights of ordinary laborers, especially individual industrialists and craftsmen. Therefore, it has the characteristics of bearing hardships and standing hard work, not afraid of sacrifice, unity and cooperation, and the pursuit of justice.
Today, I would like to say that the Mohist democratic philosophy, which is closest to ancient Greece, has many points of convergence with Western liberal values. This shows that as long as there are people, their thinking is much the same, but in some places, the development of this aspect is prominent, and in some places, the development of that aspect is prominent.
In the end, the Mohists did not develop and grow, but disappeared, mainly because their ideas did not conform to the concept of a unified state. China's closed geographical environment will inevitably form the idea of great unification that will be united for a long time, while the Mohist love and non-aggression are based on the establishment of individuality independence and mutual non-aggression, and will inevitably be eliminated by the unified society.
Finally, a word about Yang Zi.
Yang Zi, also known as Yang Zhu, is one of the hundred schools of thought, and has no works, or has long been lost. The most important thing that Yang Zi left to future generations is one sentence: pull out a Maoli world and do nothing!
Isn't this extremely selfish?Actually, no. What he really meant was to cherish his rights.
In the book "Liezi", it says: "The ancients, if they lose a little, they will benefit the world but not with them." Serve the world and don't take it. No one loses a single bit, everyone is not good for the world, and the world is governed. ”
If everyone doesn't want to achieve something great, they don't want anything immortal and great. If everyone lives their own life without violating the lives of others. The world is naturally happy and safe. The essence of this thinking is individualism. This is similar to the individualism of the contemporary West. Of course, the difference is also significant.
Yang Zi's thought is very close to Western ideas of individualism, liberalism, and market economy. Because, in the eyes of Westerners, all rights are individual rights. Only individuals have rights. The power and rights of the collective, the organization, and the ** are only authorized by the individual.
So, why did Yang Zi's thoughts disappear?Mainly due to the fact that this individualism is not suitable for agricultural civilization. Agricultural civilization is a social survival mode based on family, clan, and tribe, and it is difficult to survive by simply advocating individualism. In addition to advocating individualism, the West also proposes a contract between individuals, and the individual contract is linked to the individual contract to form a contract society, so it is a series of wholes, and eventually evolves into the foundation of the state. And Yang Zi's individualism is only a flash of inspiration, and it will inevitably be eliminated by the agricultural society.
Oh, forgot, and the famous ones. Famous representatives include Deng Xi, Gongsun Long, Hui Shi, and so on. The main topics are: "White Horse is not a Horse", "Leaving Jian White", "Contract Difference", "Chicken Three-legged", "White Dog Black", and so on.
This school of thought has the best chance and possibility to develop logical thinking, and then give birth to scientific theories, but in the end, it is a pity and helpless that it has degenerated into sophistry. 2023.12.22.[Original works must be investigated for infringement].