This article is compiled from the management effect series published by Mr. Wang Pu, the founder of Peking University Zongheng Management Consulting Group, in the first issue of "National Model Worker Wang Pu".
50 The Lighthouse Effect
Private goods can be exchanged, but public goods cannot be exchanged, so a consumer is not willing to pay for a public good and let others use it for free. It's like the captain needs a navigation beacon to guide the way, but no one wants to build a lighthouse for other ships to use for free. This is called the lighthouse effect in economics.
The lighthouse effect refers to the fact that we need to do public affairs, and at the same time, we must consciously observe whether public goods, public services, and public affairs are maliciously occupied and used by some people, or used for a long time or many times, and we should pay attention to restricting these behaviors, so what we do is what individuals are unwilling to do.
51 The Flywheel Effect
It's hard to get a stationary flywheel to spin at first, but once it turns, you can use less force by inertia. This is the flywheel effect.
In an enterprise or an organization, it is very difficult to promote a new thing and a new change at the beginning, and it takes a lot of work to do, a lot of foreshadowing, and the leader to lead the team personally. But once this thing is on the right track, it becomes easy to move forward normally, and it becomes easy.
In the same way, if you want to stop the flywheel, it is also very powerful, that is, it is difficult to make it stop, it is not easy to promote a new thing in the organization, and it is not easy to overturn an old thing, because it will also have a lot of resistance, and its inertial thinking is also very large.
When we start something new, we need to know the flywheel effect, and we know that when the flywheel of an organization is spinning, it is very difficult for us to stop it.
52 Compound Interest Effect
What is the compounding effect?The compounding effect is that if it grows at compound interest, it will grow exponentially.
For example, if a person improves by 1% every day, after 365 days a year, he will improve by a factor of 38. On the other hand, if a person regresses by 1% every day, after 365 days a year, he will regress by 97%, which is the power of the compounding effect.
53 The Matthew Effect
The Matthew Effect is a parable from the Bible:
The king gave the three servants a mina of silver, and said, "You three go and do business, and after a while you will come back to me." The three servants came back after some time of business.
And the first servant said, "I will take the mina you gave me, and I have earned tenfold, and the king shall reward thee with ten houses."
And the second servant came back and said, "I will take you a mina of silver that you have given me, and I have earned five minas, and the king shall give you five houses."
And the third servant said, "King, I have kept your minas and not lost them, and the king said, Give this mina to the first man."
The story illustrates that the winner takes all. This phenomenon also exists in economics, in social management, and in enterprises.
54 The Comparison Effect
The comparison effect is to see others have what they want to have. Someone asked me if this was a good thing or a bad thingIf it is a normal comparison effect, I think it is to meet people's growing material and cultural needs, just like the history of human progress, seeing others have their own and want to have, so to create and invent, this is a good thing. But if you say too much comparison, I think it is due to bad psychological factors, there are several psychological factors:
The first has low self-esteem,
The second vanity,
The third jealousy,
The fourth is to have more greed
These are the four points that all of us should pay attention to and avoid.
55 Leverage
Leverage, you may know a famous saying: give me a fulcrum, I can pry the earth. What does it mean to run a business?Refers to the impact of liabilities on equity.
For example: we invested 1 million, if we can produce a full product when the operating rate is sufficient, we can earn 100,000, but now the operating rate is insufficient to earn 50,000, at this time we borrowed 1 million from the bank to advertise, borrowed 1 million and need to repay 50,000, but due to advertising, the sales have increased significantly, and the operating rate is full, so that our benefits have increased from 50,000 to 150,000, at this time, 150,000 minus the 50,000 required by the debt is equivalent to 100,000, that is, the owner's equity has increased from 50,000 to 100,000, and now the profit has increased from 50,000 to 100,000。 The 1 million loan is a leverage, a small case where the debt leads to an increase in the owner's equity.
56 Running-in effect
The running-in effect originally refers to the fact that when the new machine is used, it should be used carefully, and after a period of running-in, the occlusal surface of the machine will be more consistent and run more silky, which is its original intention and original intention. But in fact, we all know that in the enterprise, in the organization, between people, when a new team is formed, and when a new person comes, we carry out a run-in, so that each other's temperament and temperament can understand each other, so that the team can be more effective and cohesive.
The running-in effect is essentially to reduce the resistance, whether on the machine or in the team, it is to reduce the resistance, when the power is consistent, the smaller the resistance, the better, the good running-in, the small resistance, of course, the value is great, so we must pay attention to the running-in period, to pay attention to the running-in effect.
57 Emotional effects
The emotional effect refers to the fact that a person's emotions have a significant impact on his behavior, even the results, and even his life.
Here I give you a fable:
A man meets the Grim Reaper on the road and asks the Grim Reaper why are you going?The Grim Reaper said that I went to the front village to collect 100 people to go, and after hearing this, this person ran away, ran back to the village and told everyone, no, the Grim Reaper came to take away 100 people, which made the people in the village panic and couldn't give up, and as a result, the Grim Reaper came to the village and died 1000 people, and this person caught up with the Grim Reaper and said how you talk doesn't count, didn't you take 100 people?How did you take 1000 people?The Grim Reaper said that I wanted to take 100 people, and the 900 people died of fright because you told them, so the responsibility is not on you, it was their depression that caused their deaths.
This fable illustrates what an emotional effect is.
58 First Cause Effect
The first cause effect is preconceived, meaning that first impressions matter.
In the 50s, I did an experiment: I described two clips and two scenes of a person, one in which he was very enthusiastic and very extroverted, and the other in which he was more introverted. The descriptions of these two scenes are divided into 4 groups: one group is extroverted in the front, and introvert is in the back;One group is introverted in front and extroverted in the back;There is also a group that is extroverted alone;And the last group is introverted alone. As a result, 4 groups of people were asked to determine whether he was introverted or extroverted.
In the first group, because extroversion is put in the front and introversion is placed in the back, 78% of people in the first group think that they are extroverts.
Only 18% of people in the second group thought he was extroverted because of what?Because he put the extroverted segment in the back and the introvert in the front, it was only 18% of the time when he was judged to be extroverted.
The third group is expressed only by fragments of his extroversion, and of course 95% of people think he is extroverted.
In the last group, only 3% of people thought he was extroverted because only a description of him was introverted.
It was a scientific experiment that led to a conclusion that first impressions are particularly important.
59 Opposite-sex effects
The opposite-sex effect is also known as the magnet effect, where the same sex repels each other and the opposite sex attracts. There is an old saying: men and women don't get tired when they work together.
Tell the story of a foreign prison: There is a male prisoner in a prison abroad who often fights, what to do?There was a guy who came up with an idea to spray a perfume with a feminine body odor in this prison, and as a result, the number of fights and brawls dropped significantly, this is what I saw above, without verification, whether the prison has such a magic formula, it remains to be further observed.
60 threshold effect
The threshold effect, I prefer to call the ladder effect, is the gradual effect. It's much easier to set small goals and complete small tasks first, and then go on to complete big goals and tasks.
This also stems from an experiment. This experiment is done in this way, divided into two groups, one group asked residents to sign an application or an open letter, saying that we should drive safely, not drive savagely, do not drive dangerously, and then ask them to put a sign at the door reminding them not to drive dangerously, which is a step-by-step method, and more than 50% of those who agree to set up a sign are agreed.
Another group directly asked residents to set up a sign in front of their house to remind them not to drive dangerously, but only less than 20% of the people agreed to do so, so that he was reluctant to achieve a big goal straightforwardly, and this experiment showed that the threshold effect does exist.
In our daily life, whether in the enterprise or in teaching, the teacher also guides the student step by step, first has a small goal to praise him, motivate him to complete it, and then he is interested in completing the big goal. In the enterprise, especially in the transformation of the enterprise, it is necessary to let colleagues have a small goal to complete, and then motivate him to complete the big goal, which is the threshold effect.
61 The Stamp Effect
You must not have heard of the stamp effect, it originated from an experiment in the 70s: a number of people in front of a bunch of envelopes, some of the envelopes are sealed, some are not sealed, some are affixed with 40 yuan stamps, some are affixed with 50 yuan stamps, ask how to find out the seal, paste such a question as 40 yuan stamps, everyone quickly completes this task, and the result is that 90% of the people who answer correctly reach a high percentage.
What does this experiment illustrate?The more specific the object, material, or scenario given in the explanation, the more correct the reasoning and conclusions drawn.
There is such a story in the Tang Dynasty of China: a temple has served many times, and the current director has said that the ** that he has in the record book is actually gone, and after the ** judgment has been determined that the previous directors have a clear account book and have also been handed over, this is verbally said, and the result is to arrest the last director. But a Qing official said that it was not right, said that we asked again, let each of the previous directors of the previous years pinch out the handover of the ** physical object, the result of several pinched shapes are different, a look at the previous few people falsely accused the current incumbent principal, the unjust case was revealed, and the previous directors of the previous fraud were punished, this also shows the effect of the previous stamps, understand?
62 The Lotus Effect I
What is the reason why the lotus flower is not stained with sludge?Is it smooth?No. Here is a lotus effect to share with you.
The lotus effect is also called the self-cleaning effect, this effect has been widely used in many materials science, because the surface of the lotus has a lot of convex things like a small mountain bag, of course, this is the micron pole can only be seen with a microscope, it is not very smooth, but there are many dense convex factors that cause the water droplets to slide up and down, and take away the dust, resulting in it out of the sludge and not stained, is this unexpected?
63 The Lotus Effect II
The lotus effect is also called the 30-day effect. A pond blooms with a lotus flower on the first day, a second lotus blooms on the second day, and a lotus blooms on the thirtieth dayIs the answer the 15th day?No, the answer is that on the 29th day, half of the pond is full on the 29th, but on the 30th day it suddenly becomes the whole pond, which is the 30-day effect.
In fact, we can encounter such examples in our work or life, do it slowly in front, and the accumulation of quantity to a certain extent suddenly becomes a qualitative change at a certain moment.
64 Stereotyped effects
The stereotype effect emphasizes the unique attributes of a certain type of person or thing while ignoring the individual attributes of a certain person or thing. Under normal and ordinary circumstances, we tend to regard a concept of a certain type of person or thing as a typical representative of a certain person or thing, and it is also easy to regard a manifestation of a certain person or thing as an experience and view of a certain type of person or thing.
In the application, I will give an example that everyone can easily understand, we are easy to regard the post-80s as a generation that does not want to make progress, the post-90s as a generation that lies flat, and the post-00s as a generation that gnaws at the old, which is a typical view of a certain type of thing and a certain type of person as a certain person, in fact, I think this is completely wrong, because the post-80s have excellent, the post-90s have excellent, and the post-00s have more excellent.
65 Imprint Effect
Imprinted impressions are actually first impressions, and more extreme is to recognize only the first, not the second.
Here is a famous experiment: when a goose or duckling is born, if the first living animal he sees is not its mother, but another animal, he will follow the live animal and think that it is its mother, and through this experiment we get an impression.
The imprinting effect is also common in our social life and in enterprises. Our first impression of a company, how we feel about the company, how the first person we meet, it forms an important impression, of course, this can also be called the impression of the sensitive period, the impression of the sensitive period reminds us that when we do anything, especially when dealing with people, we know that the first impression and the imprint effect are very important.
66 The Selective Effect
The choice effect says that our state or life in the here and now today is determined by yesterday's choices, and tomorrow's state or life is determined by today's choices. So how important is the choice.
Why is the selection effect particularly pronounced?It is caused by path dependence and self-reinforcement, so we must pay attention to our own selection effect, which is both a good thing and a bad thing, and you think about it carefully.
67 The Bystander Effect
Responsibility dispersion effect, also known as the bystander effect, that is to say, when you entrust a person with a person, he feels that his responsibility is heavy, so he will do things well, if entrusted to a group of people, everyone will slip away, so the responsibility is dispersed, which is equivalent to no main body of responsibility, everyone compares with each other, avoids each other, and things are not done.
There is an old saying in China that says very well, one monk has water to eat, and three monks have no water to eat. When we do something, we must let each responsible subject make it clear, and consolidate the responsibility on the individual, each individual in the group has its specific responsibility, and when everyone works hard and takes responsibility, his responsibility and mission will be higher and better accomplished.
68 Halo Effect
The halo effect refers to the fact that in people's interactions, a very special and very prominent quality trait of the other party will affect your correct judgment of his other characteristics.
Therefore, our understanding of a thing or a person should not be subordinated to the first impression or the superficial impression, but should be in-depth and comprehensive.
69 The Duck Effect
The duck effect is when the duck floats comfortably on the surface of the water, and its flippers are essentially sliding desperately underneathUnderneath the seemingly relaxed and leisurely surface, there is constant hard work and hard work.
We look at the successful people around us the same, don't look at their success, maybe the material conditions are better than yours, maybe the status is higher than yours, but they have paid ordinary people or you are difficult to work hard.
70-digit difference effect
The position difference effect, which refers to the orders conveyed by the superior to the subordinate, is good for the subordinate to receive 20%, and the subordinate to the superior feedback suggestions, the superior receives 10% of the advice, and the arrival rate between the peers and the communication of information can reach 80%.
We found that the upper psychology and the lower psychology are very terrible, the upper level has a sense of arrogance, and the lower level has an inferiority complex, how can we eliminate the sense of arrogance and inferiority in an organization and an enterprise, when these two feelings are broken, the smoothness of communication will be strengthened, and the information arrival rate and reception rate of communication will be improved.
Come on!Together, we create an atmosphere of equality in the company.
71 Peeling effect
The peeling effect refers to the fact that some animals grow up every time they shed their skin, which is extended to the life of modern people and refers to people who are not in their comfort zone, so that there can be no progress, and they must challenge themselves outside their own safety zone, that is, do not draw the ground as a prison, we can only continue to challenge ourselves and jump out of our own safety zone and comfort zone in order to achieve greater success, which is the enlightenment that the peeling effect brings to us.
72 The Iron Nail Effect
The iron nail effect, first tell you a proverb, and then tell a true story.
Lost an iron nail, lost an iron palm, lost an iron palm, injured a war horse, injured a war horse, lost a battle victory, lost a battle victory, and thus lost the country. This is the proverb, British.
There is a true story in England: in 14 or more years, the king of England went on an expedition, he asked the groom to choose a group of his favorite war horses, the groom was nailing his war horse, missing a few nails and making do with it, but when he was about to charge after going to the battlefield, the horse lost his front hoof, because the horse nails were not enough nails, the horse's shoe fell, the horse fell, the soldier thought he was killed by the enemy, so the army was defeated, he was captured, and the British were defeated.
What does such a proverb and such a story mean?Explain that the details determine success or failure, and this is the nail effect.
73 Peer effect
The peer effect says that those who are close to Zhu are red, and those who are close to ink are black. One is influenced by classmates when one is in school, and one is influenced by colleagues when one is at work. We must know that there will be a nest of bears, and what we say is also a bit of this meaning.
We must build a good team, so that we can attract more excellent talents to join. Your organization, has it done it?
74 The Soup Effect
The soup effect, a pot of water with a little salt and oil, or even a little spices, becomes a pot of delicious soup. The soup effect is a bit like the catfish effect in finance, with some new financial mechanisms configured to invigorate the financial market.
It is said that this was proposed by Tang Shuangning, chairman of Everbright Bank, and it was written like this, I don't know if it's true, but I had the opportunity to meet him and ask him, I know him.
75 Kick the Cat Effect
The kicking cat effect refers to venting dissatisfaction with an object that is weaker than oneself, which is essentially a downward transmission of a chain of negative emotions. For example, if an adult criticizes a child, and the child kicks the cat in anger, this is the true story of the kicking cat effect.
We must avoid this situation in the organization, for example, the boss reprimanded the vice president, the vice president went back and reprimanded the department manager, and the department manager reprimanded the employees, so that the weakest cat and the weakest bottom employee became a punching bag. I think this must be avoided and eliminated in the organization, and we must stop at our own point and don't pass negative emotions downward.
76 Distortion Effect
The distortion effect refers to the loss of authenticity in the transmission process, how to solve this problem?This issue is very important and must be effectively addressed.
First of all,I think that in the enterprise, there must be a correct and smooth delivery system and document channel, for example, there is a special place to publish documents, and at the same time, we must pay attention to the arrival rate or view rate, which is the right mainstream way.
At the same timeI would like to emphasize that it is also necessary to provide a platform for full communication, or even anonymous communication, to make up for the lack of the main channel, or the response deviation after the arrival of the main channel information. The information channel of the main channel is a bit equivalent to the skeleton, the skeleton must be timely, must be comprehensive, must emphasize the arrival rate, but at the same time must have flesh and blood, in order to constitute a complete life collective, but also to allow everyone in the process of parallel flow of information, anonymous interaction of information, etc. In this way, we will be able to make the information truthful, accurate, and self-judgmental for everyone.
77 The Sashimi Effect
The sashimi effect means that after the fish is hit, it should be sold to the restaurant in time, so that it can sell well**. If it drags on for a while, the fish is not fresh, and it will not be sold well.
We also need to show it to consumers as soon as we sell and launch new products, so that we can get a head start. Some big foreign brands used to put their products on the Chinese market at the second time, and later they often put the latest products into the Chinese market for the first time, and they understood the sashimi effect. In war, in battle, it may be called a soldier and a god of speed.
78 The Stove Effect
The hot stove effect says that anyone who violates laws and regulations will be punished, and here it embodies three natures:
Clause.
1. WarningIt's like a stove, you know it's hot when you touch it, so you don't touch it.
Clause.
2. Fairness, that is, anyone who touches the stove will burn their hands.
Clause.
3. TimelinessAs soon as you touch the stove, you will react immediately.
The hot stove effect reminds us that we must pay attention to these three characteristics in terms of laws, regulations, rules and regulations, and it is consistent.
79 Authority Effect
The authority effect means that if a person has a high status, what he says is easy to be recognized and believed. There is a saying: people are soft-spoken. The authority effect is the opposite of what it says: people are valuable. What is the reason for the authority effect?Two reasons:
The first is the psychology of security. What good is it for us to listen to the words of authority?The safety factor has increased, and the reliability has increased.
The second, the psychology of approval. We recognize him and respect him, so we are willing to listen to what he says.
It is precisely because of the existence of the psychology of security and the psychology of approval that the authority effect exists.
80 Coagulating effect
The cohesion effect refers to the stronger the cohesion of an enterprise, the stronger the vitality of the enterprise. Here, we should also pay attention to guiding the negative emotions in the organization to transform into positive energy, and at the same time know where our cohesion effect comes from
First, the organization should be very attractive
The second is to have a strong degree of recognition among team members.
This will lead to a cohesive effect of the enterprise, and the vitality of the enterprise will be strong, invincible, and invincible, which is what we desire and need to work hard.
81 The Cask Effect
The barrel effect is well known, and it refers to the amount of water in the barrel, which does not depend on the long board of the barrel, but on the short board of the barrel.