Zhou Yonggen.
Emergency early warning is the key and basic link of emergency management, and it is the key to effectively prevent and resolve major safety risks from the source, truly solve problems in the bud and before disasters, and improve disaster risk response capabilities and emergency management performance. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made important arrangements for promoting the modernization of the national risk monitoring and early warning system, emphasizing "improving the national risk monitoring and early warning system". The establishment and improvement of the social emergency early warning system is of great significance to promote the modernization of the national system and capacity and improve the emergency response capacity.
The social emergency early warning system has unique advantages.
The emergency early warning system can be divided into ** emergency early warning system and social emergency early warning system according to the main body. In the social emergency early warning system, the public plays a major role in the early warning. Compared with the first-centered emergency early warning system, social emergency early warning has the following unique advantages.
Wide range of participants. The public is large and widely distributed, including communities, enterprises, schools, hospitals, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), non-profit organizations (NPOS), volunteers, experts, citizens, etc. The public is distributed in all fields and regions of society, forming a network of heaven and earth for discovering and dealing with disaster risks, so that risks have nowhere to hide.
Sensitivity of early warning information acquisition. The public is the first responder, responder and direct victim of disaster risk, and the real "night watchman" of disaster risk, who can perceive, discover and deal with the disaster risk around them at the first time.
Uniqueness of resources and capabilities. The public includes all kinds of subjects, distributed in various fields, with social resources, interpersonal relationships, social networks, knowledge and skills that the public sector does not have, and can use its unique resources and capabilities to discover and respond to disaster risks in the first time.
The authenticity of the warning information. The public is measured by their own interests or public interests, that is, by their own or others' property and life safety, and can often transmit and report disaster risk information in a timely and truthful manner, reflecting the objective needs of responding to disaster risks.
Early warning capabilities are growing. With the progress of the economy and society, as well as the public's Xi in disaster risk response, their disaster risk awareness, disaster prevention and mitigation knowledge, self-help and mutual rescue skills are improving day by day, and their ability to prepare, monitor, identify, assess and deal with risks has been greatly improved, and disaster risks can often be dealt with in the bud.
Accelerate the establishment and improvement of the social emergency early warning system.
As a matter or an object in emergency management, emergency early warning is also an organic system and a subsystem of the emergency management system, which has the basic attributes of integrity, openness and dynamics. The social emergency early warning system needs to be established and improved from three aspects: integrity, openness and dynamics.
Improve the integrity of the social emergency early warning system. The first is to enhance the integrity of the main body of social early warning. Expand the scope of the main body of the social emergency early warning system, maximize the inclusion of enterprises, communities, schools, hospitals, social groups and other types of public into the main scope of emergency early warning, broaden the scope of emergency early warning information collection, improve the social nature of emergency early warning, and give full play to the public's resources and capacity advantages. The second is to enhance the integrity of the social early warning function. In the legal system for emergency response plans at all levels and in all categories, clarify and strengthen the rights and responsibilities of the public in emergency warnings. While strengthening the leading role, the emergency management department should effectively promote the decentralization of emergency management, release emergency resources, and fully excavate, use and give full play to community public resources, expand the autonomy of the public in emergency early warning, and pay attention to improving the main position of the public in the emergency early warning system and give full play to its main role.
Improve the openness of the social emergency early warning system. The first is to optimize the information communication mechanism of the government and society, further refine the provisions on the cognition, monitoring, response and communication links of emergency early warning in the legal system of the implementation plan, optimize the communication mechanism of the government and the community early warning, enrich the information communication methods, smooth the information communication channels, strengthen the supervision, evaluation and assessment mechanism of the early warning information of the emergency department, and strengthen the information monitoring, collection, reporting, publicization, communication, and cooperation between disaster risk stakeholdersThe second is to speed up the establishment and improvement of the social emergency early warning system, optimize the public information reporting mechanism, improve the public's position in the monitoring, reporting and communication of disaster risks, and give full play to the role of social forces in emergency early warning.
Strengthen the dynamics of the social emergency early warning system. The first is to refine and implement the provisions on social emergency warning in the legal system of emergency response plans, and clarify the rights and responsibilities of emergency management departments, institutions and personnel to collect, report, publish, analyze, evaluate, and publicize early warning information from the public. The second is to optimize and improve the social emergency early warning mechanism, give full play to the advantages of social forces such as extensiveness and flexibility, improve the timeliness and agility of social emergency early warning, and promote the early detection, early reporting and early disposal of disaster risks. The third is to strengthen the supervision of the emergency early warning behavior of local ** and grassroots units, and improve the accountability system for late reporting, concealment, false reporting and omission of disaster risk information;Improve the incentive mechanism for grassroots units and the public to participate in early warning, and promote the public's active participation in emergency early warning of disaster risks.
The author is a special researcher at the Hunan Provincial Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and the Provincial Academy of Social Sciences (Provincial Development Research Center). This paper is the interim result of the Hunan Provincial Social Science ** Project "Research on China's Emergency Early Warning System from the Perspective of System Theory" (22yba366).