Moderator: Xu Chunpei, Liu Meifang.
Guests. Liu Gang, Secretary of the Party Committee and Chairman of Jiangsu Rugao Rural Commercial Bank.
Zhang Jie, Secretary of the Party Committee and Chairman of Shandong Qixia Rural Commercial Bank.
Li Haibo, Secretary of the Party Committee and Chairman of the Rural Credit Union of Dongguang County, Hebei Province.
Editor's note: In 2013, the state promulgated the Regulations on the Administration of the Credit Reporting Industry, marking a new journey in the construction of China's credit system and credit reporting management. Over the past decade, a series of relevant policies have been implemented one after another, and the establishment of the social credit system and credit reporting work have entered a new stage of high-quality development. The market is the field, finance is the water, and credit is the canal. Common prosperity and rural revitalization are inseparable from the financial "living water", and even more inseparable from the "canal of integrity to lead water into the field". A promise is a promise, is called "credit". How to effectively conserve the "fertile soil for credit" in rural areas and cultivate a good financial ecology is a fundamental issue for financial services and rural revitalization in the new era.
Policy Piloting Moves in response to opportunities.
Nongjin Guide: What policies and regulations have been issued or issued by the state and relevant ministries and commissions in the construction of the credit system and credit management?
Zhang Jie: The construction of China's credit system has gone through 10 years of spring and autumn. In January 2013, the "Regulations on the Administration of the Credit Reporting Industry" was promulgated, marking that China's credit reporting work has entered the track of having laws to follow. In December 2020, the Communist Party of China issued the "Implementation Outline for the Establishment of a Rule of Law Society (2020-2025)", proposing to "accelerate the establishment of a social credit system", pointing out the direction for improving the awareness of creditworthiness and the level of credit in the whole society. In December 2020, the General Office of ** put forward 4 principles and bottom lines and clarified 16 guiding opinions on the "Guiding Opinions on Further Improving the System for Restraining Untrustworthiness and Building a Long-term Mechanism for the Establishment of Creditworthiness". In January 2021, the People's Bank of China issued the Measures for the Administration of Credit Investigation Business (Draft for Comments), further detailing the specific rules. In March 2021, ** issued the "Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the Long-Range Objectives for 2035", proposing to "establish and improve a system of credit laws, regulations and standards..."Establish mechanisms for the sharing and integration of Public Credit Information and Financial Information. cultivating internationally competitive enterprise credit reporting agencies and credit rating agencies". In April 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs' "Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of the Rule of Law in Agriculture and Rural Areas" proposed to deepen the reform of "delegating power, delegating power, and providing services". On April 19, 2022, the State Administration for Market Regulation issued the Administrative Measures for the Establishment of Online Market Supervision and Service Demonstration Zones (Trial). On April 28, 2022, the General Office of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Key Points for the Construction of the Credit System in 2022"...
Over the past decade, a series of policies have been implemented one after another, and China's social credit system has entered a new stage of high-quality development.
What is the importance of improving the construction of the rural credit system, credit management, and optimizing the rural credit ecological environment for rural revitalization and common prosperity?
Zhang Jie: To achieve common prosperity and comprehensively promote rural revitalization, it is the only way. Deeply promote the construction of the rural credit system, continue to improve the basic financial services in rural areas, continuously improve the financial supply capacity of the "three rural" areas, and give full play to the role of finance in supporting the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the effectiveness of inclusiveness; It can continuously guide and strengthen the disclosure and sharing of credit information, improve credit evaluation and reward and punishment mechanisms, strengthen credit regulation and risk prevention and control, establish and complete a social credit system, promote rural economic development, and ensure social stability.
The construction of the rural credit system, the management of credit information, and the construction of the rural credit ecological environment are of great significance to the realization of rural revitalization and common prosperity. First, it can promote economic development. Optimizing the credit system can introduce more financial "living water" and activate the rural economy. Second, it can reduce financial risks. Through credit inquiry, the borrower's credit status can be accurately grasped and credit risk can be avoided. Third, it can reduce financing costs. Banks can accurately profile borrowers and reduce financing costs such as investigative lending. Fourth, it can benefit the public. It can allow more honest customers to obtain financing opportunities, improve the availability and inclusiveness of financial services, and promote common prosperity. Fifth, it can ensure social stability. It can cultivate good rural customs and reduce the occurrence of undesirable events such as untrustworthiness and debt evasion.
Agricultural Finance Guide: In the face of the current situation of insufficient effective credit demand, what is the practical significance of rural small and medium-sized banks to do a good job in the construction of rural credit system and credit management, and optimize the credit ecological environment?
In the face of insufficient demand for effective credit, doing a good job in the construction of the rural credit system and credit management, and optimizing the credit ecological environment will help improve the efficiency and quality of banks' credit delivery, reduce credit risks, expand credit coverage, and promote the sustainable development of rural economy and rural finance. The first is to improve quality. A sound rural credit system and credit reporting system can truly assess the credit status of borrowers and solve the contradiction of information asymmetry. The second is to expand the area. It can guide more people to pay attention to credit construction, enhance the credit awareness of the "three rural" areas, expand the coverage of bank credit, and introduce more funds into the rural market. The third is risk control. Through the credit management system, the borrower's credit status can be accurately assessed and potential financial risks can be identified.
Li Haibo: First, we can improve the rural credit environment and tilt more credit resources towards the rural market. Second, through the credit management system, fixed assets and guarantees can be reduced as the basis for borrowing, and the credit loan business can be developed. Third, in the course of building a credit system, small and medium-sized rural banks can give full play to their advantages of being familiar with the people, accurately grasp the situation of each peasant household, and cultivate the rural market in depth. Fourth, small and medium-sized rural banks need to carry out the construction of a credit system on a regular basis, and at the same time publicize financial knowledge, purify the credit environment, and file customer information, they can carry out "package marketing" such as deposits, loans, and market expansion business, so as to smoothly open up the "last meter" of financial services.
Targeted treatment.
Agricultural Finance Guide: In reality, what are the main aspects of poor credit reporting of target customers served by small and medium-sized rural banks? What are the practical problems and difficulties in the construction of the rural credit system, credit reporting management, and rural credit ecology?
Zhang Jie: The poor credit of the target customers served by small and medium-sized rural banks is mainly manifested in the following aspects. First, the interest on their own loans is overdue. The second is the overdue interest of the external guarantee. The third is that the business entity is involved in law and litigation, and is restricted from market behavior. Fourth, there are too many credit inquiry and approval records or blank credit records. In reality, the practical problems and difficulties existing in the construction of the rural credit system, credit reporting management, and the rural credit ecology mainly include the following aspects. First, the information of rural economic entities is scattered in different agriculture-related departments, and it is difficult to collect information, resulting in the inability to form an effective credit sharing mechanism. Second, peasants lack a sense of credit and ignore the accumulation of their own credit. Third, the punishment mechanism for social untrustworthiness is not complete, the role of incentives for trustworthiness and punishment tools for untrustworthiness is limited, incentives for trustworthiness are insufficient, and the cost of untrustworthiness is low, resulting in a lack of internal motivation for the establishment of the rural credit system.
First, farmers' credit awareness is weak. Some rural households do not pay enough attention to credit, lack the awareness of credit knowledge, and default in the process of borrowing, which not only affects their credit records but also increases the bank's lending risk. Second, there is a single means of collecting credit information. In rural areas, the means of collecting credit information are relatively simple, and there is a lack of effective mechanisms for collecting and sharing information. It is difficult for banks to obtain accurate credit information of rural households, which increases the difficulty of credit reporting. Third, there is a large flow of population in rural areas. It is difficult for some rural households who have been working abroad for a long time to update their original credit information, and it is difficult for banks to grasp the latest credit status of rural households. Fourth, the technical means are backward. Rural areas lack advanced information technology to support the construction of the credit system and credit reporting management, and the work efficiency is low, and the quality of data is difficult to guarantee.
Li Haibo: First, there are misunderstandings. Most villagers have a low level of education and do not have a high level of awareness of the importance of personal credit information. Second, there is an information blind spot. The construction of the rural credit system is a relatively complex and systematic project, which not only requires the cooperation of the financial sector, but also requires the first department to take appropriate measures. Since the joint construction of the "double base", Dongguang Associated Press has done a lot of work in strengthening the construction of the rural credit system, but there are varying degrees of errors in the huge rural market, especially in the collection of credit data. ** Departments need to further play a leading role in promoting the establishment of credit information, applying front-end technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence to the collection and screening of rural credit information, and jointly advancing the establishment of a rural credit system. The third is to reshape credit difficulties. The amount of non-performing assets of rural customers is small, the number of transactions is large, and the precipitation time is long, most of which are due to the poor ability of borrowers to resist risks and the lack of attention to credit information.
Agricultural Finance Guide: What efforts do local governments, judicial departments, regulatory departments, financial institutions and other relevant parties need to make in the construction of the rural credit system and the rural credit ecological environment?
Zhang Jie: At the first level, it is necessary to establish and improve the mechanism of incentives for trustworthiness and crackdown on untrustworthiness, lead the joint punishment of various departments, and strengthen the "control network" of the credit system. As far as the judicial sector is concerned, it is necessary to improve laws and regulations, and endorse the credit behavior of market entities and the establishment of the rural credit system from the level of judicial interpretations and detailed rules, so that the establishment of the credit system has rules to follow and laws to follow. At the regulatory level, it is necessary to strengthen system development and credit network construction, relying on the data of the credit information system of the People's Bank of China, develop and open a credit information network interface that collects information from all aspects, and realize data sharing with various departments and big data centers. Financial institutions should strengthen internal control, strictly investigate risky loans, severely punish large dishonest debtors such as nail households and old debts, advocate the credit concept of "one promise and a thousand gold", and purify the financial ecology.
Agricultural Finance Guide: Over the years, what fruitful efforts and explorations have rural small and medium-sized banks made in the construction of the rural credit system, such as the construction of credit projects, incentives for trustworthiness and punishment for untrustworthiness?
Zhang Jie: Qixia Rural Commercial Bank has made a series of efforts and explorations in promoting the construction of the rural credit system. The first is to build momentum through publicity. We will continue to carry out the "Publicity and Popularization of Financial Knowledge" activities, and increase the publicity and popularization of financial management, agriculture-related credit, payment and settlement, cracking down on illegal fundraising, personal information security, and prevention of telecommunication fraud through financial services in rural areas, communities, campuses, enterprises, and business circles. The second is to visit and dock. Do a deep and solid "four lists", make full use of the "smart marketing system", and use the "online + offline" method to accurately profile customers. Solidly carry out "whole village credit", and continuously improve farmers' awareness of creditworthiness and the level of rural credit. The third is group punishment. Strengthen joint operations with local governments and judicial organs, crack down on evasion of bank debts and other financial activities that violate laws and regulations in accordance with the law, and increase the force of punishment for untrustworthy persons. Comprehensively use legal, economic, publicity, oversight, and other means to establish and improve mechanisms for rewarding trustworthiness and punishing untrustworthiness. Fourth, the implementation of the "elite" plan. Vigorously promote credit products such as "Guodu Elite Loan", implement "special counter services, special train products, and special interest rates" for high-quality customers with good credit and law-abiding, and implement incentives for trustworthiness.
*: Rugao Rural Commercial Bank is to solidly promote the construction of the rural credit system. In the face of the practical problems of asymmetry of information between banks and farmers, and lack of collateral and guarantee for agriculture-related loans, combined with credit business, with big data as the carrier, we will increase the investment of "three rural" credit loans, and optimize a series of new products benefiting farmers such as "Rich Easy Loan, Easy Loan for Transportation, Four Good Agricultural Road Loans, and Rural Revitalization Women's Loan", and add 25 new agriculture-related loans7.2 billion yuan, including 7100 million yuan. The second is to implement the "whole village credit" quality improvement project. Under the unified coordination of the People's Bank of China, actively use the assessment results of credit townships, credit village groups, and credit farmers to set off a "credit experience" activity in the city, and implement the three links of "evaluation, credit granting, and credit use". Take the village group as the credit evaluation unit to optimize the evaluation mode; Adopt methods such as village group publicity, centralized delivery, and door-to-door notification to ensure credit delivery; For customers who have not used credit for credit, take the initiative to contact them through **, SMS, WeChat, door-to-door publicity, etc., and do a good job of incentivizing the first use of credit. The third is to speed up the construction of the rural payment system. Through overall planning, balanced development, analysis and comparison, convenient service points are widely deployed throughout the jurisdiction. In cooperation with the village "two committees", the "Nina Station" and "Ruyi Home" were opened, and 402 financial convenience service points were set up in 166 administrative villages in the city, with a cumulative number of transactions of 53 in 202260,000 transactions, with a trading volume of 31.2 billion yuan, so that the majority of farmers enjoy safe, convenient, rich and efficient financial services.
Li Haibo: Dongguang County Rural Credit Cooperatives have deepened the new "double-base" co-construction and the "all-for-one credit and all-people credit" project, and continued to promote the construction of the rural credit system with "whole village credit" as the starting point. Carry out activities such as "financial night school" and "financial gathering" to send financial knowledge to the countryside on a regular basis, and vigorously promote the "quick loan for farmers". Carry out the management of farmers' economic information files on a regular basis, and dynamically update, approve, and store farmers' economic information. At present, a total of 3 credit townships and 195 credit villages have been built, and 3 credit users have been assessed380,000 households.
Multi-party joint construction to lay a solid foundation.
Agricultural Finance Guide: How can small and medium-sized rural banks use the credit system and credit information to accurately classify in the five-level classification of loans, so as to give full play to the two functions of the credit information system, incentives and punishments?
*: Under the guidance of the People's Bank of China, Rugao Rural Commercial Bank has innovatively launched a new model of "credit system +". First, the loan process is intelligent. With the help of the Sunshine Financial Management Platform, the system automatically intercepts the 'nine types of people' and automatically evaluates the 'six types of people' (industrial and commercial, salary, planting and breeding, part-time business, poverty alleviation, and new agricultural business entities) for agriculture-related loans, generates credit lines, and connects with the credit system batch credit and self-service loans. The second is the differentiation of agriculture-related loans. Clarify the "due diligence exemption, fault tolerance and correction, and appeal channels" for small and micro enterprises and agriculture-related loans, and establish a fault tolerance and correction mechanism for "private, small and micro enterprises, and inclusive finance" loans. Promote the "rich peasant e-loan" inclusive financial project, and implement differentiated management measures such as preferential interest rates for credit customer loans. The third is the convenience of credit inquiry. Improve the connotation of the "Application for Approval of Post-Loan Inquiry Credit Reporting Report", and optimize the automated management system for credit inquiry.
Agricultural Finance Guide: What are the targeted solutions or suggestions for the problems of "first mortgage households" with bad credit information and overdue credit card repayment of young people who have just entered the society?
Zhang Jie: First, strengthen due diligence. Accurately analyze the credit status of first-time borrowers, guide first-time borrowers to operate in good faith, standardize corporate governance and financial management, and help them establish a scientific debt management philosophy. The second is to set a special entry threshold. Make full use of all kinds of internal and external information to verify the customer's business situation, pay attention to the business status of the first mortgage and the first repayment**, and establish a targeted credit management mechanism and special credit approval channels. The third is positive assessment and incentive. Expand the assessment weight of first-time mortgage households and improve the standard of performance rewards. Fourth, refine the exemption clause. Improve the due diligence exemption mechanism for first-time borrowers, and appropriately increase the tolerance of the non-performing rate of first-time loans for inclusive small and micro enterprises.
Nongjin Guide: Do you have any suggestions for establishing and improving the credit repair mechanism for rural customers?
Zhang Jie: First, strengthen the top-level design. Accelerate credit legislation to ensure that there are laws to follow. For example, the State Administration of Taxation's Announcement on Matters Related to Tax Credit Restoration clarifies the issues related to tax credit restoration. At present, the restoration standards in the field of taxation have been unified across the country, and its experience is worth learning. The second is to strengthen the construction of the platform. Strengthen the aggregation of information on credit information platforms and the expansion of functions, so that inquiries can be directly linked to credit restoration keywords, guiding voluntary restoration. The third is to strengthen the linkage of departments. Break down departmental barriers, bring about system sharing, and provide timely feedback on credit restoration and administrative punishment matters. When the platform identifies feedback on credit restoration consultations, credit-using entities must go to the original credit-using department to confirm and restore them when conducting credit restoration, continuously promoting the establishment of a closed-loop credit system. Fourth, strengthen credit publicity. Strengthen publicity and education on "Credit China", guiding the entire population to stress creditworthiness and keep promises, and convert to unified social credit through personal credit reporting and enterprise industry credit. Fifth, strengthen intelligent transformation. Develop the automatic comparison function of the information base, continuously update the review standards of the information base, and then automatically compare by the system, and then manually review it, and finally determine the customer's credit rating.
Li Haibo: First, tolerance management. However, the value of rural assets is relatively low and the loan amount is relatively small, so it is recommended to strengthen the management of credit information tolerance and shortening the time for updating credit information from 5 years to 1 year. The second is to delete the "overdue" information. Farmers' income and expenditure have obvious seasonal characteristics, and most of them are middle-aged and elderly customers, who generally apply for loans over the counter, and it is inevitable that there will be overdue information caused by untimely returns. The third is to classify them. Determine the "enlisted" customer groups according to different ages to reduce the workload. The fourth is to set up a stage. In accordance with the rural economic situation, the type and number of industries to establish a pilot, led by the first, in conjunction with the regulatory departments, the Agriculture and Rural Bureau, the Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, financial institutions, the Civil Affairs Bureau, etc., to develop a model of the farmer's credit repair mechanism, through continuous improvement and adjustment, to determine the final mechanism, and then replicate and promote it throughout the country.
Agricultural Finance Guide: As a financial entity serving the "three rural" and small and micro economies, do you have any suggestions for standardizing the credit evaluation mechanism?
First, it should be scientific and effective. Combined with its own reality, it designs evaluation indicators for the "three rural" and small and micro economies, including but not limited to asset status, business conditions, credit records, guarantees, etc. Second, it is necessary to adjust dynamically. Update credit reporting data in a timely manner to ensure the accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of the data, and ensure that the evaluation results are scientific and accurate. The third is to pay attention to the empowerment of science and technology. Make full use of big data, artificial intelligence and other technical means to improve the processing capacity and analysis level of credit reporting data, optimize business processes, and improve service efficiency and quality. Fourth, it is necessary to combine rewards and punishments. Implement policies such as "preferential interest rates and preferential loans" for trustworthy loan customers, and implement measures such as "raising interest rates and limiting loan amounts" for defaulting loan customers, rewarding the good and punishing the bad, and creating a good financial ecology. Fifth, information sharing should be implemented. Information sharing mechanisms should be established between government and banks, between banks, and between departments, so as to realize the interconnection of credit reporting information.
Li Haibo: From the perspective of applicability, the first is to integrate and create a comprehensive information platform. The Agriculture and Rural Bureau, the Civil Affairs Bureau, and financial institutions have jointly launched an intelligent platform to jointly collect, verify, update, and improve farmers' information and improve the accuracy of credit information. The second is differentiation and the establishment of an urban and rural credit system. Based on solving the practical problem of expensive and difficult financing for rural customers, differentially set two credit information evaluation standards for urban and rural areas. The third is to be precise and add an evaluation of willingness to repay. Reduce the dependence of agriculture-related loans on rural credit information, take soft credit information as a secondary factor in loan risk assessment, and transform the restraining effect of credit reporting into reference value. From the perspective of standardization, the first is to have comparison. Standardizing the credit evaluation mechanism is more conducive to the circulation of rural resources, and is more conducive to helping rural households solve the problems of slow, expensive and difficult financing. The second is to be forward-looking. Determine the scope of assessment for fixed assets that are not easy to change, facilitate the automatic generation of numbers when entering asset information, and accurately determine the credit rating of customers.