In general, rice in the north can be grown in two crops, namely spring rice and autumn rice. Of course, in the colder places of the Northeast, you can only grow one season, which is spring rice.
1. The rice planting season in the north.
1.Spring rice: Spring rice refers to rice that is sown in the spring and harvested in the summer. In the north, spring rice is generally sown between April and May and harvested between August and September. The growth cycle of spring rice is shorter, generally 100 to 120 days.
2.Autumn rice: Autumn rice refers to rice that is sown in the summer and harvested in the fall. In the north, autumn rice is generally sown between June and July and harvested between October and November. Autumn rice has a long growth cycle, generally 150 to 180 days.
2. The growth cycle of rice in the north.
1.Germination stage: After sowing, the rice seeds absorb water and nutrients in the soil and gradually germinate. The germination period of spring rice is generally 7 to 10 days, and the germination period of autumn rice is generally 10 to 15 days.
2.Tillering stage: After germination, rice seedlings begin to tiller, forming multiple stems and leaves. The tillering period of spring rice is generally 20 to 30 days, and the tillering period of autumn rice is generally 30 to 40 days.
3.Jointing stage: After tillering, the rice seedlings begin to joint, and the stalks gradually thicken. The jointing period of spring rice is generally 30 to 40 days, and the jointing period of autumn rice is generally 40 to 50 days.
4.Heading stage: After jointing, rice seedlings begin to tassel and form spike-like inflorescences. The heading period of spring rice is generally 40 to 50 days, and the heading period of autumn rice is generally 50 to 60 days.
5.Flowering period: After heading, rice seedlings begin to bloom and form spikelets. The flowering period of spring rice is generally 50 to 60 days, and the flowering period of autumn rice is generally 60 to 70 days.
6.Maturity period: After flowering, the rice gradually matures and the kernels are full. The ripening period of spring rice is generally 70 to 80 days, and the maturity period of autumn rice is generally 90 to 100 days.
3. Cultivation techniques of rice in the north.
1.Seed selection: Select high-quality rice varieties that are suitable for local climatic conditions, have strong resistance to diseases and pests, and have high yields.
2.Land preparation: Before sowing, deep ploughing, soil crushing, and land leveling should be carried out to improve soil fertility and water retention capacity.
3.Sowing: The sowing rate of spring rice and autumn rice is different, the sowing rate of spring rice is 30 to 40 kg per mu, and the sowing rate of autumn rice is 25 to 35 kg per mu. When sowing, it should be spread evenly to avoid holes and overlaps.
4.Fertilization: According to the soil fertility, apply organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer reasonably. Spring rice is generally applied with plantar fertilizer and top dressing 2 to 3 times;Autumn rice is generally applied with plantar fertilizer and top dressing 1 to 2 times.
5.Irrigation: Keep the soil moist after sowing to facilitate seed germination and seedling growth. The tillering stage, jointing stage and heading stage are the key periods for rice growth, and attention should be paid to timely irrigation to prevent drought and waterlogging.
6.Pest control: It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of pests and diseases, and timely control of pests and diseases should be found. A combination of biological, chemical and physical control can be used to reduce the impact of pests and diseases on rice yield.
7.Weeding: Rice fields should be weeded regularly to reduce the competitive pressure of weeds on rice growth. A combination of manual weeding and chemical weeding can be used to improve the weeding effect.
8.Harvesting: Rice should be harvested in time after maturity to prevent grain shedding and mildew. Attention should be paid to avoid damaging rice stalks and grains during harvesting, and to improve the quality of harvesting.
In short, northern rice can generally be grown in two crops, namely spring rice and autumn rice. Through reasonable planting season, growth cycle and cultivation technology, the yield and quality of rice in northern China can be improved, and China's grain production can be contributed.
Fourth, the advantages and disadvantages of rice in the north.
1.Advantages: Northern rice has the advantages of strong cold tolerance, wide adaptability and high yield. Growing rice in the northern region can make full use of water resources, improve land utilization, and increase farmers' incomes. In addition, rice is an important food crop and is of great significance for ensuring national food security.
2.Disadvantages: Rice in the north has a long growth cycle and a higher demand for water and fertilizers. In addition, rice is susceptible to natural disasters such as pests and diseases, drought and waterlogging during the growth process, and it is necessary to strengthen pest control and disaster prevention.
5. Prospects for the development of rice in the north.
With the progress of agricultural science and technology and the adjustment of the agricultural industrial structure, the planting area and output of rice in northern China are expected to further increase. By selecting and breeding new varieties that are resistant to diseases and insects and have strong resistance to stress, optimizing cultivation techniques, improving the efficiency of water resource utilization, and strengthening the prevention and control of diseases and pests and disasters, we can further improve the yield and quality of rice in northern China and make greater contributions to China's grain production. At the same time, the development of the rice industry can also promote the development of the rural economy, increase peasants' incomes, and promote the restructuring of the rural economy and the sustainable development of agriculture.