Emperor Guangxu 19 .

Mondo History Updated on 2024-01-31

The Empress Dowager Cixi took strict precautions against Emperor Guangxu's changes. Empress Dowager Cixi coerced Emperor Guangxu to issue four edicts:

The first edict was to depose Weng Tongyi.

The second edict is to reaffirm the revocation of the right to appoint ministers of the second rank and above.

The third edict was that Cixi was preparing to go to Tianjin for a military parade in the fall. The fourth edict was to appoint Rong Lu as the Acting Governor.

These four edicts are the four shackles that the Empress Dowager Cixi put on Emperor Guangxu. Emperor Guangxu's change was difficult at the beginning.

Minister of Military Aircraft Rong Lu.

Promulgated by Emperor Guangxu"The edict of the country is"On the third day of the edict, that is, on April 25, Xu Zhijing, a bachelor of Hanlin Academy, played "Sponsor Talent Fold", which said:"It is established for the country, and it is advisable to employ people first, and to ensure that the talents of the new and rescue times are protected, and the special purpose is to make an exception to appoint, so as to implement the new policy and try to improve itself. "

He sponsored"Loyal to the liver and hot-blooded, master's generalist"Kang Youwei, the director of the Ministry of Engineering, "has far-reaching knowledge and fine work.""The Hunan Salt Law Changbao Dao Huang Zunxian,"Be loyal to the country and have the courage to do things"Tan Sitong, the alternate governor of Jiangsu"Practical and hard-working"Zhang Yuanji, the director of the Criminal Department"Learn from heaven and people, and know the world and the world"Liang Qichao, a person from Guangdong. On the fold, Emperor Guangxu attached great importance to it and issued an edict on the same day:

Xu Zhijing, a bachelor at the Hanlin Academy, played a good role in ensuring that he was able to reach the current affairs talents. Kang Youwei, director of the Ministry of Works, and Zhang Yuanji, director of the Criminal Department, prepared to summon them on the 28th of this monthHunan Salt Law Changbao Dao Huang Zunxian, Jiangsu Supplement Prefect Tan Sitong, the Governor of the Department of Introduction;Liang Qichao, a man from Guangdong, is the prime minister's national affairs yamen to check the performance. "

That is to say, the above five people, including Kang Youwei, Zhang Yuanji, Huang Zunxian, Tan Sitong and Liang Qichao, must try to be employed. The ancestral system of the Qing Dynasty was that only the emperor could summon officials above the fourth rank. The principal is a six-grade official, and it is rare for the emperor to summon him, and he has not had it for more than 40 years. And summoning cloth clothes like Liang Qichao is"This dynasty has not been seen in hundreds of years"。At the same time as Xu Zhijing's sponsorship, another imperial history Huang Junlong folded ** Huang Zunxian, Tan Sitong and Liang Qichao. Emperor Guangxu"Leave it alone"。This shows Emperor Guangxu's use of people"Thirsty for talent, unconventional", but also illustrates the bold selection of talents"Employing people is not confused"。The most striking content of this edict is that Emperor Guangxu decided to break the ancestral system and personally summoned Kang Youwei, the head of the six products. April 28. At this time, it was only 18 days before Prince Gong Yixun died of illness. The move of planning to summon Kang Youwei aroused great attention from the Empress Dowager Cixi and the later party bureaucrats. Cixi and Rong Lu conspired to coerce Emperor Guangxu to issue four edicts in succession on April 27, the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), the day before. The first edict was to depose Weng Tongsu. The oracle said:

The co-organizer of the university, Shangshu Weng Tonggong, has not allowed to cooperate in many things recently, so that the public opinion is not convinced, and some people have participated in the performance. And every time he is called to the right time, he talks about the incident, whether he is free or not, and his joy and anger are seen in the color of his words, and he gradually reveals the arrogance of power, and it is difficult to win the role of cardinal. It should have been investigated and punished severely. Gu remembered that he had been walking in Yuqing Palace for a year, and he couldn't bear to be severely punished. Weng Tongsui immediately opened the vacancy and returned to his hometown as a sign of preservation. "

The old school has always been jealous of Weng Tongyi, and they will want to go as soon as possible. Before Emperor Guangxu issued an edict to determine the country, the Empress Dowager Cixi summoned Yixuan, Ronglu, and Fortitude after April 20"Inquire about the emperor's recent willful behavior, and it is important to stop you. The same pair said:'The emperor is by nature, and no one dares to stop him. 'Gang (Yi) fell to the ground and cried bitterly, saying:'The slave was tactful and repeatedly reprimanded. 'The Queen Mother asked again'Could it be that he planned it by himself, and he didn't discuss it with you?'Rong (Lu) and Gang (Yi) both said:'Only Weng Tongyi can inherit the emperor's will. 'Gang (Yi) cried and begged the Queen Mother to dissuade him. The Queen Mother said:'When the time comes, I will have my own law. ' "At this time, Yixun died of illness, Prince Li Shiduo was ill, and only Gangyi was the leading minister of military aircraft, and he deliberately excluded ** Weng Tongyi.

After April 20, the members of the Hou Party, who had figured out the essence of Cixi, secretly instructed their cronies Yu Yinlin, Wang Pengyun, Wen Yi and others to write to Weng Tonggong and call him"There is no way to mislead the country"、"Forming a party and disrupting the government"、"Rebel against power", providing shells for the removal of Weng Tonggong. But this did not shake Emperor Guangxu's trust in Weng Tongxi. However, these movements, which are full of untruths, aroused the vigilance of the Empress Dowager of the West. She thought of when Yi Xun was seriously ill"The queen mother asked her last words, weeping that Weng (Tongsu) was suspicious, and cowardly power, so she suddenly issued an edict of reprimand"。This means that before Yixun died, the Queen Mother inquired about his last words. Yixun said with tears in his eyes that Weng Tonggong had ill intentions and was domineering in power. As a result, Cixi dismissed Weng Tongyi from his position.

Someone commented:"Because the queen mother had promised to prohibit the emperor from doing things, she did not immediately carry out the box system, so when she did not see Kang, she went to Weng to police him first. "At that time, Weng Tonggong was the co-organizer of the university scholar, the minister of military aircraft, the prime minister, the secretary of the household department and the secretary of the household department, and he was the most favored by the Guangxu Emperor. Emperor Guangxu did not know in advance that Cixi was going to depose Weng Tonggong, and Cixi attacked completely suddenly, which caught Emperor Guangxu off guard. According to Su Jizu's memory"After the emperor received this edict, he was frightened, wept for a thousand lines, and did not eat the sun'It's ridiculous that the emperor must have called the old man (Weng Tongsu) to get off the town. '"On this day, it happened to be Weng Tonggong's birthday, and he was in a good mood and full of ambition"Joy but not sleep"。However, the sudden announcement that he would be removed from all his posts was really like five thunderbolts, and he was at a loss. However, after all, he was an old minister who had been used to ** for a long time, and Weng Tonggong quickly calmed down from his fright. He wrote in his diary:"The ministers are grateful, and they reflect on their crimes, and the holy grace is complete, and the so-called life and death are flesh and bones. "Instead of feeling aggrieved, he was grateful. This is the psychology of Weng Tongyi, who is loyal to the monarch, who violates common sense. The next day, at 12:30 p.m., Weng Tonggong"Rush to the palace gate", wanting to meet Emperor Guangxu may be the last side. "Met on the right side of the road, Shang (Emperor Guangxu) looked back speechless, and the minister was also gloomy like a dream"。The young Emperor Guangxu didn't dare to summon Weng Tongyi and say a word to him. They were separated miserably in relative silence. In this way, Emperor Guangxu's closest retainers were cut off.

On May 13, Weng Tongyi was forced to leave the imperial capital and return to his hometown of Changshu. At this time, he may have thought of Du Fu's poem:"The crown is covered with Jinghua, and the people are alone and haggard!"

Namely"Those ministers and ministers live all over the capital, why are you the only one who is so difficult and unhappy!"Some critics at the time said:"If Weng does not do this, the coup d'état, or if he does not do it, Weng will have the skills to reconcile it. "

Weng Tongyi's diary also said:"If the old minister is here, he will not let the break come here. "That's all for later. It is self-evident that the dismissal of Weng Tongyi was a great victory for the post-party and a great loss for the imperialist party. The second edict is to reaffirm the revocation of the right to appoint ministers of the second rank and above. The oracle said:

Later, he worked in the courtiers, and Yang Meng Cixi Duanyou Kang Yi Zhaoyu Zhuang Chengshou Gong Qin presented the Chongxi Empress Dowager with rewards and supplemented the first product of civil and military affairs and the Manchu Han Dynasty. Provincial generals, commanders, governors, governors and other officials also played in one. "

This means that after being appointed, all the second-grade or higher senior ** from ** to the local government must go to the Empress Dowager Cixi to thank her. Whoever appoints is thanked to whom. Thanking Cixi for his grace means that the right to appoint and dismiss senior ** above the second rank will be withdrawn by Cixi. Cixi made it clear to her ministers that the use of human rights was in her hands. There is a reason for this edict. It is said that a minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in order to curry favor with the Empress Dowager of the West, went to the Empress Dowager of the West to meet and thank her. This is against the ancestral system of the Qing Dynasty. According to the ancestral system, after the emperor or the empress dowager returns to power, whenever the emperor or the empress dowager is rewarded, the emperor should play the thanksgiving on his behalf, and the minister is not allowed to directly see the emperor or the empress dowager. This is done to show respect for the Emperor or the Empress Dowager. That minister violated the ancestral system, Emperor Guangxu"Reprimanded him for being ignorant"。But the Empress Dowager of the West suspected that this was Emperor Guangxu"Ban"its actions. The minister took the opportunity to slander and said:"Kang Youwei bewitched and chaotic government, and the ministers, big and small, actually echoed those who sought glory, and the ministers were deeply concerned. The Queen Mother refused to hang the curtain, and she had to meet with her subordinates to restrain her reckless intentions, otherwise she would be more unscrupulous over time, and she was afraid that the Queen Mother would not be able to hold it at that time. "Listening to these ulterior motives, Cixi was very inspired and reserved it"The queen mother is of course, so there is an edict"。

Kang Youwei. The third edict was that Cixi was preparing to go to Tianjin for a military parade in the fall. The oracle said:

In the autumn of this year, Lian Gong Cixi Duanyou Kang Yi Zhao Yu Zhuang Chengshou Gong Qin presented the Empress Dowager Chongxi Luan Yu, and was paraded by the train road to Tianjin. All the two houses of Haiguang Temple and Haiphong Office were immediately decorated and cleaned and prepared for everything. And with Hu Liao's dishes, the train and railway will be cooked neatly without delay. "

Parade exercises"That is, the meaning of the military parade. The military parade is a demonstrative measure of military power. Only those who truly hold the power of the army are qualified to inspect the army. Cixi asked Emperor Guangxu to accompany her to Tianjin to review the most effective Beiyang armies in the country, and its purpose was to spread an important message to the army inside and outside, that is, the military power is in the hands of my Cixi, and the whole team must obey the command of my Cixi alone. This edict was communicated to the court inside and outside the court through the mouth of Emperor Guangxu, although it has been returned to Emperor Guangxu, but the military power is still in the hands of my Cixi. The fourth edict was to appoint Rong Lu as the Acting Governor. The oracle said:

Wang Wenshao, the governor of Zhili, was ordered to enter the Hajj immediately, and he was appointed as a scholar and served as the governor of Zhili. "

After Wang Wenshao was transferred to **, he no longer served as the governor of Zhili, but served as the minister of military aircraft, and still the prime minister, which was very trusted. However, the appointment was mainly to resolve the issue of Rong Lu's appointment as Acting Governor. On the fifth day of the fifth month of the fifth month, another decree was issued:"With Wang Wenshao as the secretary of the household department, he was ordered to walk on the Minister of Military Aircraft and walk in the Prime Minister's Yamen for National Affairs. Rong Lu was appointed as the Governor of Zhili and the Minister of Beiyang in charge of trade affairs. "Prior to this, Rong Lu was awarded the title of Scholar of Wenyuan Pavilion. Rong Lu was greatly used this time, from the acting governor of Zhili, and became the official governor of Zhili, and later served as a scholar of Wenyuan Pavilion, and also the minister of military aircraft, in charge of military affairs, and at the same time controlled the Beiyang sea and land armies, and became Cixi's most trusted eunuch with military power.

Rong Lu (1843-1903), the name Zhonghua, alias Luoyuan, Guarjia, Manchuria is a native of the White Banner. In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), he was the first director, and later promoted to a member of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), Wang Yi of Alcohol County transferred him to serve as the wing commander of the Shenji Battalion. Later, due to his meritorious service in suppressing the uprising, he was recommended by the university scholar Wenxiang and promoted to the post of deputy commander, chief soldier, and minister of the interior. He was good at Yingying, and later took refuge in Cixi. In the fourth year of Guangxu (1878), at the age of thirty-five, he was promoted to the commander of the infantry army and the secretary of the Ministry of Industry, but was later dismissed due to illness. In the seventeenth year of Guangxu (1891), he was transferred to Xi'an at the age of forty-eight. In the twentieth year (1894), he entered Beijing to see Cixi's 60th birthday, and was awarded the commander of the infantry army. Twenty-one years (1895), at the age of fifty-two, he was promoted to the secretary of the military department. In twenty-two years, at the age of fifty-three, he was appointed as a co-organizer of the university. Twenty-three years, he played a fold, saying:"The advance and retreat of diplomacy depends on the number of troops, strength and weakness. If it is strong, it cannot be restrained by public law, and if it is weak, the covenant cannot be trusted. "Therefore, he advocated the reorganization of armaments and the large-scale training of new soldiers. His ideas were appreciated by Cixi, and his advice was adopted. Twenty-four years (1898), at the age of fifty-five, he was appointed as a university scholar and a scholar of Wenyuankaku, and was incorporated into the Military Aircraft Department and became the Minister of Military Aircraft. Rong Lu is very good at observing words and feelings, and understands the importance of military power. Cixi dismissed Weng Tonggong and originally wanted to let Rong Lu enter the military aircraft. But Rong Lu tried his best to refuse, and he said in a high-sounding manner"If you go to a Han member, it is still advisable to make up for a Han member. "But Rong Lu's true intention is"Hold the handle"。Therefore, he"Ask for the Minister of Beiyang"。Prior to this, Rong Lu had already negotiated with Cixi to listen to the government. This was very much favored by Cixi. This time he was appointed, and before leaving Beijing, he repeatedly begged Cixi to hang the curtain. Cixi said with scruples"If you don't want to be comfortable, you may be ridiculed again. "Rong Lu replied flatteringly"Those who take power, the subordinates are also called, not the queen mother. Wise people, there is nothing to say;Those who don't know what is important. "Rong Lu once invited the princes and ministers to join the title and implore Cixi to hang the curtain and discipline the government. The aim was to create a vigorous campaign calling on Cixi to hang the curtain in order to collude up and down to seize imperial power from the Guangxu Emperor. But at that time, the contradiction between Cixi and Emperor Guangxu did not reach the point of incompatibility, and Cixi felt that there was no need to hang the curtain directly, and it was better to retreat to the background and command. However, as a result of Ronglu's show of loyalty, Cixi's four edicts were issued on April 27, the day before Emperor Guangxu decided to summon Kang Youwei. These four edicts reflect Cixi's intentions, and they are aimed at Emperor Guangxu. Imperial power is embodied in three aspects: the power of decrees, the use of human rights, and military power. The promulgation of these four edicts shows that the power of edicts, human rights, and military power are all in Cixi's hands, and Emperor Guangxu's power is extremely limited. This put Cixi in an advantageous position to be on the left and right, advancing and retreating. Cixi's bowstring is full, waiting for the moment. Liang Qichao commented pertinently:"All New Deal trips will take place after the 28th. And on the 27th, Weng Tongsu saw the expulsion, Ronglu supervised the teacher, and the west saw the minister, and the plot of usurpation had been ambushed. "On the one hand, Cixi allowed Emperor Guangxu to implement the law change, and on the other hand, she took preventive measures to prevent accidents. Cixi paid attention to Emperor Guangxu and summoned Kang Youwei.

On April 28, the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu (1898), Emperor Guangxu finally met Kang Youwei as he wished. During this meeting, they exchanged views on various aspects of the law change, such as the eight stocks, running schools, railways, minerals, purchasing ships, training troops, studying tours, translating books, and employing personnel. Emperor Guangxu gave Kang Youwei the right to play straight. This summoning was Emperor Guangxu's first and only summons to Kang Youwei. This summons set the tone for the Hundred Days Restoration. On April 27, Kang Youwei went to the Summer Palace to temporarily live in the Ministry of Public Affairs. On April 28, Kang Youwei was excited, bathed in the light of the slight dew, and stepped on the crystal rain and dew, went to the Renshou Palace to meet the long-loved Emperor Guangxu, and first went to the court room to wait. Here, I met Rong Lu unexpectedly. Rong Lu, who was a scholar of Zhengyipin University at the time,"The shelves are full", Kang Youwei, who is the head of the Liupin Small Government and Work Department, has a deep political prejudice. Rong Lu looked at Kang Youwei contemptuously, and said arrogantly and defiantly"It is said that you are resourceful, and you will probably have a good way to remedy the situation, right?"Rong Lu wanted to tease Kang Youwei. Kang Youwei faced Rong Lu's rude behavior and replied categorically:"You have to change the law. "Rong Lu thought that Kang Youwei was weak and could be bullied, so he further asked:"I originally knew that the law should be changed, but can the law be changed all at once after one or two hundred years of this dynasty?"Kang Youwei knew that the comer was not good, and he couldn't bear it, so he angrily reprimanded:"Kill a few first-class masters, and the law can change. "When Rong Lu heard this, he was suddenly startled, as if he had been stabbed severely, and thought:"This kid is too wild, wait and see, sooner or later Lao Tzu will get rid of you!"The two are at loggerheads and don't give in to each other. At this time, Emperor Guangxu ordered to summon Rong Lu first, and Rong Lu impeached Kang Youwei"Arguments and disorderly governance"。Rong Lu quit after playing, and Kang Youwei went in to play the right game. Emperor Guangxu had long wanted to see Kang Youwei and ask about the change in person, but he was repeatedly blocked by the ministers, and today he got his wish, and he was very excited. Emperor Guangxu asked Kang Youwei's age and background with concern, Kang Youwei answered clearly, and then cut to the topic. Kang Yan:"Foreign invaders are encroaching on our country and gradually encroaching on our territory. If the law is not changed, destruction is not far away. "Above:"This is all due to the stubbornness of the old school. "Kang Yes:"The sage of the heavens, insight into the source of the disease. Once the source of the disease is known, the medicine is here. If we know that conservatism leads to disaster, we cannot improve ourselves unless we completely change the old law and reform. "Above:"Now we really have to change the law. "Kang Yes:"In recent years, it is not impossible to change the law, but it is rare to change but not to change completely, to cite one but not to change the second, and to defeat the class, it will be fruitless. For example, a hall, the material is broken, it is about to overturn, if a small gap is mended, the wind and rain will come, and finally it will be overturned. It must be torn down and rebuilt, but it can be sheltered. However, to build a new foundation, the vastness of the land, the height of the degree, the number of masonry and stone, the width of the window threshold lattice, the triviality of the gray nails and bamboo chips, all must be calculated as a whole, and then the material dove work, the palace can be completed. If there is a small shortcoming, there will be no success. It is the palace that will not be able to succeed, and the wind and rain will not be able to resist it. "Emperor Guangxu nodded yes, thinking that Yan Zhikang was right"In the past few decades, the ministers have changed the law slightly, but they have not tried to raise the whole. The so-called change of the law must be changed from the system and the law, which is called the change of the law. Those who change today are the ears of change, not the law. When the minister asks the emperor to change the law, he must first coordinate the overall situation and change it all, and please first open the system and change the law, which is beneficial. "Kang Youwei has a clear critical attitude towards the new Westernization policy that has been in place for decades, and thinks"It's a change of things, not a change of law", that is"Change one end", it's not"Raise the whole"。He wants to be fundamental"Coordinate the whole situation and change it all"。This clarified Kang Youwei's guiding ideology for carrying out reform and reform. Emperor Guangxu was convinced and praised Kang Youwei's statement. Kang Yes:"Subject to the matter of changing the law, try to examine the reasons for the change of the law in various countries, and choose those that can be implemented in China, and consider the profits and losses, so that they can be implemented. The articles of association are all prepared. If the emperor decides to change the law, he can choose to do so, but he will wait to implement it. Taixi emphasized 300 years of rule, and Japan was strong after 30 years. The size of China's land and the masses of the people can stand on their own feet after three years of reform, and after that, they will be thriving, and they will be rich and powerful for all countries. With the emperor's sage, he wants to improve himself, and he is in the palm of his hand. "It is said that the change of law is for Emperor Guangxu"In the palm of your hand"If it is not to encourage Emperor Guangxu, but really think so, it is that Kang Youwei sees the difficult change too easily. It was said:"Yes, you spoke very clearly. "Kang Yes:"Emperor Shengming, since he has seen this, why has he not made any moves for a long time, which has led to the cession of territory and the weakening of the Qing Dynasty?"When Emperor Guangxu heard this, he timidly looked out of the curtain, sighed, and said helplessly"What should I do if someone is holding back?"This slight move was seen by the keen Kang Youwei, who knew that Emperor Guangxu was afraid of Cixi. Kang Youwei had an idea and replied cleverly"As far as the emperor's current power is concerned, doing changeable things, although it cannot be completely changed, and the concise plan is enough to save China. Only the ministers of the present are all old and old-fashioned, and they do not understand foreign countries, so the emperor wants to rely on the law to change the law, and he is still interested in the wood. "It was said:"These old ministers don't pay attention to their work. "Kang Yes:"It's not that the minister doesn't want to be careful. Nai moved from qualifications to the big position, his energy was declining, and he had a lot of differences, and he really had no time to watch. There is no way to read, there is no way to do it. Therefore, they are ordered to run schools and run businesses, but they have nothing to learn from their teenagers, and they really don't know what to do. If the emperor wants to change the law, he can only use the ministers. Widely recommended, given the right call, check whether it is talented, the emperor personally plucked it, did not hesitate to reward, and made an exception. Fang Jin's General Administration of Military Aircraft has been used to make mistakes, but with the two officials of Jingqing and Yushi, who are assigned to internal and external differences, there is nothing to do. The old people listened to it, but they kept the old thing, and asked the emperor to issue more edicts to show the intention. All matters that change the law are specially issued edicts, and they have no way to refute them. "It was said:"Yes. "Kang Yes:"I heard that Li Hongzhang and Zhang Yinhuan Baoxing were awarded yesterday, why didn't they know the edict?"Emperor Guangxu smiled. Kang Yes:"Since the cession of Taiwan, the aspirations of the people have been lost, and they cannot get more of the emperor's mourning edicts, and the situation cannot be cleaned up. "It was said:"Yes. "Kang Yes:"Today's troubles are not open to the wisdom of our people, so although there are many of them, they are not available. And the reason why the people's wisdom is not open, they are all based on the eight-strand testers. Those who learn the eight shares do not read the books after the Qin and Han dynasties, let alone the affairs of the countries on the earth, but they can become a big official. Today, the ministers are full of people, but there are no people who can change things, all of them are from the eight shares to the great position. Therefore, the cutting of Taiwan and Liao is not cut by the imperial court, but by the eight shares;The sum of 20,000 is not compensated to the imperial court, but gambled on eight shares;The cuts of Jiaozhou, Luda, Weihai and Guangzhou Bay are not cut to the imperial court, but to the eight shares. "It was said:"Yes, Westerners learn useful knowledge, while we Chinese learn useless knowledge, which is why this is the case. "Kang Yes:"Since the emperor is well aware of the dangers of the Eight Shares, can he abolish it?"It was said:"OK. "Kang Yes:"Since the emperor thinks that the eight shares can be abolished, then ask the emperor to issue a clear edict and not hand it over to the ministers for discussion. If it is left to the ministers for discussion, they must refute it. "It was said:"All right. "Regarding the change, Emperor Guangxu had a big worry, that is"The courtiers were conservative and hindered the change of the law"。In this regard, Kang Youwei studied Japan's Meiji Restoration, and he was confident and assertive. Kang Yes:"Please don't go to the old yamen, but only add the new yamen;Don't depose the old ministers, but gradually promote the junior ministers. Summoning more talented people with lofty ideals, there is no need to add their officials, but only entrusting them with errands, rewarding them with the title of secretary, and allowing them to perform special things. His minister has always had nothing to do, but he is still the same, and he is respected as a heavy man. And the matter of the New Deal, don't blame the ministers. The old minister, who has no trouble doing things, no fear of losing his position, and complains about himself. That is, the emperor has the full power to depose the emperor, and the ministers of this generation should only be like the story of the Japanese vassals, set up a Chinese family, set up a fifth-class lord to deal with it, and raise it with kindness, and there is no need to exhaust it. "Emperor Guangxu"And then he said"。This is a very important insight. However, Kang Youwei underestimated the conservative ministers of the Qing Dynasty and overestimated the people with lofty ideals who changed the law. Can they expect the old forces to be so stubborn and powerful?

In this way, one question and one answer, the monarch and the ministers exchanged views on various aspects of the reform of the law, such as the eight stocks, running schools, railways, minerals, purchasing ships, training troops, studying tours, translating books, and employing people"It's never been a long time before"。In addition to asking questions, Emperor Guangxu listened quietly and pondered. Kang Youwei talked eloquently, and the answers were fluent. Emperor Guangxu cast a look of trust and approval to Kang Youwei, who was like a river and thoughtful. Emperor Guangxu deeply felt that he had to chew and swallow slowly over time, and could not be swallowed alive. For this reason, Emperor Guangxu said with concern:"Go down and rest. "Then he added:"If you still have something to say, you can write an excerpt and put it up. "That is to say, Emperor Guangxu granted Kang Youwei the right to play directly, and if there is a speech in the future, it does not have to be transferred by the minister. Emperor Guangxu immediately ordered Kang Youwei to walk on the prime minister's yamen Zhangjing. Originally, Emperor Guangxu wanted to give Kang Youwei a higher-grade official position, but due to the opposition of the later party bureaucrats Ronglu and fortitude"It should be suppressed by a slight difference", meaning, give him a petty officer to restrain him. Therefore, only a Zhang Jing position was given. Kang Youwei said generously"Gai wants to humiliate me. "This was Emperor Guangxu's first and only summons to Kang Youwei. This summons set the tone for the Hundred Days Restoration. Since then, the Hundred Days Restoration has been carried out with great fanfare.

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