The Empress Dowager Cixi became more and more dissatisfied with the Military Aircraft Department headed by Prince Gong Yixun. She felt that Yixun was too assertive and not going well. So, she suddenly issued an edict to dismiss the entire class of the Military Aircraft Department headed by Yixun, and replaced them with all the members of the new Military Aircraft Department headed by Prince Shiduo. Here it is"Jiashen Yishu"。
In the thirteenth year of Guangxu (1887), Emperor Guangxu held a pro-government ceremony, nominally pro-government. But the Empress Dowager Cixi still had to train for two years. The Empress Dowager Cixi was still very fond of power and was unwilling to give up power easily.
At the critical juncture of the Sino-French War, Cixi made an extraordinary move. To this end, Cixi issued three edicts in succession.
The first edict. On March 13, Cixi did not summon the Minister of Military Aircraft as usual, but only summoned the foreman Zhang Jing alone, and according to her opinion, the imperial decree was drafted and Zhu Shu was granted. The full text is as follows:
Cabinet: Qin Feng Cixi Duanyou Kang Yi Zhao Yu Zhuang Cheng Empress Dowager Yi Zhi: The current value of the country is not full of vitality, the times are still huge, the government is victorious, and the people are not grains ( m i, sound rice; Stability) security, internal and external affairs, must be taken care of. The Military Aircraft Department is actually the hub of internal and external employment administration, Prince Gong Yixun and so on, the beginning is still careful Kuang Bi, and then the snake Baorong, in recent years, Jue Lu is day by day, and it is getting worse day by day. Every time the imperial court cheers up the intention of seeking governance, he clings to prejudices and refuses to pursue his strength. Those who have repeatedly spoken have made arguments, either for the purpose of concealment, or for impeaching their grievances, or for saying that the basket is not harmful, or that they are ignorant of knowing people. The family law of this dynasty is strict, if it is said to be like the previous generation's theft of power and disorderly government, not only do not dare to do it, but also the law does not allow it. Only the above ends, the delay is not shallow. If you don't change the map and appease it, how can you rely on the great martyrdom of the deputy saints? In the future, the emperor will be in power, and he will be able to be reasonable? If it is declared one by one according to the bullet chapter, it can neither reconsider the relatives and nobles, nor can it distort the old age, how can the lenient government of the imperial court endure it? When it comes to this, it is good to use it. Prince Gong Yisu, University Shi Baoying, the longest in the straight, blame should be strict, Gu Nian is a series of sick, a series of old, hereby record his former labor, all his way from. Yi Xin's book Jia En still left the hereditary replacement of the prince, rewarded the prince's double salary, drove all the messengers, and removed the Enga double salary, and recuperated at home. Bao Ying is resting with the original. Li Hongzao, a co-organizer of the university scholar and the secretary of the ministry, has been on an errand in the inner court for many years, just to be limited by his talents, so he is exhausted. Jinglian, the secretary of the military department, can only serve according to the division, and the economy is not his strength, so he will go to all the messengers and demote them to the second level. The Ministry of Works, Shangshu Weng Tongfu Zhichu Ting, appropriate and troublesome, but there is no other Jianbai, there is also the blame for deserving, with the resignation of Jiaen to stay in office, withdraw from the military aircraft department, and still walk in Yuqing Palace to show the difference. The court has been silently observing the intentions of the king's ministers for a long time, and knows that it will be difficult to cheer up, and is afraid that the deeper the mistake, the heavier the blame, and it is a mist to show the whole thing, and he will be punished lightly. At the beginning, it was not ordinary and small, and the ministers were impeached, and the ministers of the pro-vassal were demoted. After that, the internal and external ministers should be bitterly abstained from following the rules, and each of them should be loyal and sorrowful. The proposer is impartial and ambitious. The imperial court does not blame its deeds, and it is made up for in the national pavilion, and it is all vain. If there are disadvantages of the portal, the style of flaunting, fake public and private interests, dumping and attacking, and even despicable conduct, driven by others, it will be the best profit, and it must be supported and punished according to the law. Make this encyclical known. ”
This edict will be reprimanded by the entire class of the Military Aircraft Department headed by Prince Gong Yixun. The charges are:"Snake Baorong"、"The process is getting worse and worse"、"Myths"、"Ignorant of people"Wait. Yixun was dismissed from all positions and recuperated at home. Treasure original retirement. Li Hongzao and Jing Lian lowered the secondary call. Weng Tong resigned from his post and retained his post, withdrew from the Military Aircraft Department, and was still walking in Yuqing Palace. The punishment for Weng Tongyi was the lightest, because considering that Emperor Guangxu could not do without this teacher.
The second edict. On the same day, Cixi issued an edict in the name of Emperor Guangxu: Prince Li Shiduo walked on the Minister of Military Aircraft, no need to learn Xi the former minister, and no need to lead a leopard tail gun. The head of the household department, Erle and Bu, the Ge Jingming, and the criminal department secretary Zhang Zhiwan, all walked on the Minister of Military Aircraft. Sun Yuwen, the left attendant of the Ministry of Works, walked Xi school as the Minister of Military Aircraft.
When the minister first joined the military aircraft department, he ordered the minister of military aircraft to go to school Xi walk, and one or two years later, he was given the order. There are also those who have walked for many years and have not been taught. If you want to walk on the Minister of Military Aircraft, you don't need to"Xi"The word, it's Tern. This formed a new military aircraft department headed by Prince Shiduo of Li, including the head of the household department Shangshu Erle Hebu, Yan Jingming, the criminal department secretary Zhang Zhiwan, and the Ministry of Works' squire Sun Yuwen. Because this change occurred in the year of Jiashen, history said"Jiashen Yishu"or"Changes in the situation of the Jiashen Dynasty"。
The third edict. On 14 March, Cixi issued another edict: Worship Cixi Duanyou Kang Yi Zhao Yu Zhuang Cheng Empress Dowager Decree: In the event of an urgent incident in the military aircraft, it will be handled with Prince Yi Xun of alcohol, and the emperor will issue an edict after the emperor is in power. That is to say, Prince Alcohol has become the chief military minister behind the scenes.
This major change was unexpected, and Yixun entered the military aircraft department in the 11th year of Xianfeng (1861), and it has been 24 years since then. In people's impressions, he has no credit, and there is hard work, so he will not be stroked to the end.
The announcement of these three decrees was stunned.
Cixi's move was a clever use of the Qingliu Party's Zuo Shuzi Sheng Yu and other military ministers. Sheng Yu's ending was like this, which was really unexpected and regretful. Because compared with the two, the new military aircraft department is far inferior to the old military aircraft department. Sheng Yu felt that he was being used by Cixi, so he folded it again, and said:
Prince Gong is talented and intelligent, and he is unsurpassed, only contaminated with Xi Qi, and cannot be self-viral. Li Hongzao tastes good at knowing people and is dark about things, but his foolish loyalty is not undesirable. The country is in danger, and talents are rare. If there is still one of the courtiers who is better than the two courtiers, the servants will not dare to blaspheme. However, Prince Shiduo of Yili is compared with Prince Gong, and Zhang Zhiwan is compared with Li Hongzao, and Fu is far away. The day before yesterday, the impeachment chapter of the slave was severely reprimanded, and he did not dare to reprimand it lightly, which is indeed the reason. Can you ask for an order to order Prince Gong and Li Hongzao to still walk in the military plane, and order them to wear their sins and make meritorious contributions, wash their hearts and minds, and seriously repent of their past mistakes, and if they can't cheer up again, they should be killed immediately, not just reprimanded! "
Sheng Yu suggested that Cixi leave Prince Gong and Li Hongzao still at the military aircraft and let them"Guilty of merit"。
This naïve and naïve Sheng Yu, he really thought that the big changes in the Military Aircraft Department were due to his paper twists! In fact, his twists and turns were just a fuse. Without his twists, there would have been other twists and turns. There is no twist and turn, and an edict will be conjured up to carry out this big change.
Therefore, Sheng Yu's second recital wants to redeem the impact of the first recital, which will have no effect except to show that he is politically stupid.
Sure enough, Cixi put this fold aside and ignored it. However, the Qingliu party still refused to give up.
On 19 March, Sheng Yu, the left concubine, Xijun, the right concubine, and Zhao Erxun, the imperial historian, believed that Prince Yiyun was not suitable to participate in the affairs of the military aircraft. Their ostensible reason was that Zu Xun did not allow the prince to enter the military plane, ie"Since the establishment of the military aircraft department in this dynasty, there are no kings who walk in the military aircraft department", even if it is contingent, it is only a stopgap measure and cannot become customized. In their bones, they think that Prince Yiyun is the biological father of Emperor Guangxu, and this arrangement is not necessarily a blessing for the country. Therefore, they used the grandiose ancestral teachings in the hope of achieving the goal of preventing Yiyun from participating in the government. Their recital was a reminder of Cixi. Although Cixi trusted this brother-in-law very much, she didn't want to give him as much power as Prince Gong Yixun. Cixi gave Yiyun limited power. To this end, Cixi solemnly issued a decree:
Today, according to the left concubine Sheng Yu, the right concubine Xijun, and the imperial historian Zhao Erxun, it is not appropriate for Prince Alcohol to participate in the affairs of the military aircraft. And according to Sheng Yu, in October of the fourth year of Jiaqing, Emperor Renzongrui Hadith, since the establishment of the military aircraft department in this dynasty, Xiang Wu kings walked in the military aircraft and other reasons. Chin this. The Holy Word is far-reaching, and it is always obeyed. Only since the curtain has been lowered, the current situation has been measured, and it is impossible not to enter the aircraft without pro-domain. This unavoidable deep intention should be forgiven by all the ministers in the court. On the 14th of this month, the edict ordered Prince Yi Xun to discuss the incident with the ministers of military aircraft, which was originally an urgent matter handled by the Military Aircraft Department, and it was not an ordinary order and news of all matters, and it was absolutely impossible to send another dispatch. "
This makes it very clear. The power given to Prince Alcohol is less than that of Prince Gong. He doesn't have to worry about ordinary affairs, only major ones"Critical events"I consulted with him. In doing so, it would avoid the loss of control of power and ensure that there was someone to negotiate. This is Cixi's clever calculation. However, later practice has shown that Prince Yiyun has essentially become the chief military minister behind the scenes. Again, this was something that Cixi did not fully anticipate.
Cixi's dismissal of the Military Aircraft Department headed by Yixin was a major event in the political history of the late Qing Dynasty, and its impact was very far-reaching. As mentioned above, Prince Yiyun is the seventh son of Emperor Daoguang, the half-brother of Yixun, the biological father of Emperor Guangxu, and his Fujin is Cixi's own sister. Cixi to this sister"Quite dear"。
Love the house and Wu, and the impression of Yiyun is also quite good. Yi Xun made outstanding achievements in the Xinyou coup, and secretly drafted an edict to arrest Su Shun in person. Emperor Guangxu succeeded to the throne, and he obediently begged to resign from his posts, the words were quite sad, and the feelings were also touching, and he was able to get his will. Since he closed his door to thank customers, he made a gesture of not asking about political affairs. All this is enough to show that he is politically sensitive and mature. His actions are imbued with a sense of the history of the Chinese dynasty. He is very familiar with the philosophical words of retreating bravely and protecting oneself.
But in fact, he has been keeping an eye on the changes in **. He adheres to a tough stance on the outside world and advocates foreign enemies"Do not keep him from coming, but be fearless when he comes; We must not stop the other side from fighting, but we must not be at risk despite fighting"。But his ability is not as good as Yixun after all.
Prince Li Shiduo is a mediocre person, but he treats people with humility"There is no disease in life"。He has no opinions, and after serving as the chief military aircraft, he often goes to Yixun to ask for instructions"Do not suffer from servants"。Quite good goods, how much bribes are not refused, all are accepted correctly, therefore"The kings of the rich armor"。
The members of the new Military Aircraft Department are far from the former Military Aircraft Department in terms of knowledge, prestige, ability, and character. They are stubborn and corrupt bureaucrats who are ignorant of international affairs and unfamiliar with domestic political affairs. It's really a crab that is not as good as a crab. Some people believe that this time Yi Shu is"Yi Zhongshu is produced by the donkey, and the reed is served by Bupleurum"That is to say, bad animals have been used instead of good horses, and turnip has been replaced by good medicine. That's really a phrase.
To a certain extent, the new military aircraft department has become an ornament at the mercy of Cixi.
After the Jiashen Yishu, Cixi had supreme power that was not subject to any checks, and the Qing Dynasty became even more corrupt. Some people think:"The pivot wall was greatly mobilized, and the situation changed greatly. However, those who use it do not seem to be people who are in turmoil, and they are afraid that they will become more wanton and the state affairs will deteriorate. "
At this time, Cixi was already very clever in handling political affairs. Of course, Cixi did not have to and could not consult the young Emperor Guangxu in handling government affairs. The reason is very simple, because Emperor Guangxu is still young and ignorant. Judging from the "Weng Tonggong Diary", on March 21, Emperor Guangxu lost his temper for no reason while studying and wanted not to attend class"He was furious and went out of the door"。Weng Tonggong tried all kinds of patience to persuade him"Returning to the seat, talk about other things to move away, and settle for a while"。But after a while,"He did not know what to say, but he was furious"。This made Weng Tonggong very frightened"Heavenly heart is like this, it makes people tremble"。At this time, Emperor Guangxu was not conscious in learning Xi, and he still needed Weng Tongyi's education and guidance. But in any case, the role change of his biological father Yiyun will have a far-reaching political impact on him in the future.
In the twelfth year of Guangxu (1886), Emperor Guangxu was sixteen years old and had reached the age of pro-government. According to the ancestral system of the Qing Dynasty and the mentality of her subjects, the Empress Dowager Cixi had to consider the issue of returning to power.
After careful consideration, on the 10th day of the first month of June, Cixi summoned Prince Yiyun and Prince Li Shiduo, Minister of Military Aircraft, and others on two occasions, saying that Emperor Guangxu had learned the classics and would be in charge of the government next year.
After the first summons was completed, Yi Xun hurriedly came to Weng Tonggong to discuss countermeasures with Weng Tonggong. Yi Xun said:"When the party was called, the queen mother said that the emperor had learned a lot, and he should consider taking care of government affairs in the first month of next year. I said that the emperor was still young and ignorant, and he did not know how to deal with government affairs, so he should wait a few years. I asked the emperor to plead that he didn't have to return to power so soon, and the emperor knelt down and pleaded, but the queen mother was unmoved and resolutely refused. "
Weng Tongyi listened and said:"This is a big deal, not a few people can decide, the prince invited a few more imperial ministers, the emperor's teachers, let them plead with the queen mother in person, maybe the queen mother can change her mind. "
Listening to Weng Tongyi's suggestion, Yi Xun secretly thought to himself, I am afraid that it will not be so easy to make the Queen Mother change her fate, so it is better to wait until the Minister of Military Aircraft is summoned to see the situation.
A quarter of an hour later, the Minister of War and the Aircraft and the others retreated to Zhilu with anxious faces. Prince Shi Duo said, "We have earnestly tried our best to persuade the Queen Mother to slow down the decree and give us some time to discuss in order to find the best solution. However, these persuasions could not make the Queen Mother shake in the slightest"The will of God is hard to return"。As a last resort, the Minister of War and Aircraft undertook to write the decree in accordance with the Holy Will. On the same day, the decree was announced:
Qin Feng Cixi Duanyou Kang Yi Zhao Yu Zhuang Cheng Empress Dowager Yi Decree: Because of the emperor's Chong Ling practice, all the use of people and administration, the king's ministers can not be upheld, because of the invitation of the quasi-courtiers, the curtain listens to the government, and the emperor has learned from the emperor, that is, the pro-government. For more than ten years, the emperor has diligently recited the classics, and his morality has been renewed. Recently, I have been reading chapters, judging the past and present, dissecting right and wrong, and weighing appropriate. On this day, he summoned Prince Alcohol and the Minister of Military Aircraft, Prince Shiduo of Li, etc., and decreed: Starting from the winter solstice of this year, the Great Worship Mound, the emperor personally saluted, and the Qin Tianjian chose an auspicious period to hold a pro-government ceremony next year. When the emperor heard this, he immediately knelt down and pleaded. Prince Alcohol and the Minister of Military Aircraft, also with the current affairs are difficult, thousands of huge, the emperor will be on the moon every day, learning endlessly, if you are slow, in the future, you will be able to carry out the affairs of your relatives, will be more able to carry out the exhaustive, and improve the reason, which is really the luck of the people of the world. Repeatedly pleading, the love words are also sincere. However, the act of hanging the curtain is a temporary expediency. The emperor succeeded to the throne and inherited the weight entrusted by Emperor Mu Zongyi. When this classic is successful, it is appropriate to work diligently with internal and external ministers to govern, and Hongji is difficult. Since Ying Qin obeyed the decree of the seventh day of December in the thirteenth year of Tongzhi, he carried out pro-government to comfort the expectations of the deep palace. The altar and temple worship should be done in person to show sincerity and respect. That is, on the winter solstice of this year, the round mound will be worshipped, and the Qin Tianjian will choose an auspicious period in the first month of next year to hold a pro-government ceremony. All matters that should be carried out and where the old system should be restored shall be respectfully investigated and handled by the respective yamen. This encyclical is known to both the world and the rest of the world. "
Cixi's attitude is not unclear, and the wording cannot be described as insincere. But this is not like a real thing, it can also be said to be an illusion. Cixi summoned Yi Xun and others for the purpose of not only taking the lead in making a gesture of returning to government, but also a political test of their true psychology. In the political career of the minister Cixi in the past 30 years, Yiyun has long been well versed in Cixi's power skills. If Cixi returns to politics sincerely, and Zai Xiang is really pro-government, as Zai Xiang's biological father, of course, Yi Xun can't ask for it. Because then he was even more powerful than he is now. But he knew it was just a dream. And when this dream showed a hint, he had to die in defeat. This is a quiet and unobtrusive psychological contest. The princes and ministers did not dare to slack off, and they all devoted themselves to this persuasion that could not be left behind. At this critical juncture, who wants to be a latecomer!
That night, Weng Tonggong eagerly visited Sun Yuwen, Minister of Military Aircraft, and the two racked their brains to discuss what kind of political system should be better, whether to immediately train the government or postpone returning to the government. As a result of the discussion, he persuaded Cixi to postpone his return to power, thinking that this was even better"Decent"。After the discussion, Weng Tonggong drafted a fold and prepared that night"The same person of tomorrow's business"。On 11 June, the princes and ministers concentrated their energies and time for further discussions. Weng Tongyi folded the recital he had drafted overnight into Prince Yixun of Chengol, Prince Shiduo of Li, Wang Yixuan of Qingjun and the ministers of military aircraft, and after repeated deliberations, they all thought that the proposal was appropriate, and immediately decided to play it jointly.
Weng Tongyi revised it again, and then asked Prince Yiyun to finalize it, and Yiyun agreed. This finalizes the folded draft that should be played. The theme he agreed on was to implore the Queen Mother"Discipline for several years"to replace it"Listen to politics"。After intensive preparations, on June 14, the princes and ministers solemnly played to Cixi in three solemn speeches, either alone or in combination. The first piece was played by Prince Alcohol. Because of its lofty status and special status, he played a solo title. Yi Xun played:
Minister Wang and others, judging the situation and calling on the queen mother to discipline the government. Pray for the difficult times and accept the invitation. The emperor has a promise, the day will be the moon, the secret of seeing and hearing, and the twenty years, and then discuss the affairs of the house. "
It is very clear that Yi Xun asked Cixi to train for two years, and then return to government. At the same time, in order to show sincerity, it is recommended to return to politics"It must always be regulated according to the present, and all events must be requested first, and then heard in front of the emperor"。In other words, even if it is returned to government, the current political structure must be preserved forever.
The second part was played by Prince Li Shiduo and others in the name of the Military Aircraft Department. The priest recited:
After the emperor takes office next year, he still summons his ministers every day, and he will play the chapters and music, so that the emperor can personally undertake instructions at any time. "
They pleaded with Cixi"Discipline for several years", don't go back to politics yet.
The third part was played by the Boyan Namo Society and others in the name of the Imperial Minister. King Bo played:
The queen mother has the heart of her ancestors, and she has been working hard for more than 20 years. If one or two years later, the holy school is completed, the Spring and Autumn Period is prosperous, and the government is calmly granted, so as to give me the foundation, the blessing of the subjects of the bandits, and the celebration of the sect. "
They didn't use it"Discipline and government"But its central meaning is very obvious, that is, imploring the Empress Dowager Cixi to postpone her return to power.
These three memoranda almost unanimously asked the Queen Mother to train for several years or postpone her return to power. On this point, the "Cixi Waiji" says:
All the people used by the Queen Mother have a sense of unease. After the emperor is afraid of pro-government, he cannot keep his power. For this reason, the Queen Mother issued an edict to return to the government, and there were many people who asked to extend the period of the curtain. "
This means that Cixi has formed a stable and solid sphere of influence in the course of her long reign. These vested interests were reluctant to return to power for fear of losing theirs"Authority"。There is some truth to this statement. In the face of the sorrow and pleading of the kings and ministers, Cixi did not give face, issued a decree, and made a clear statement:
There is no doubt about the place where the minister and others asked for a few years of discipline and a postponement of their return to power. "And strongly reiterate:"The Emperor's pro-government ceremony will be held on the 15th day of the first month of the next year. "This is the first round.
Yi Xun knew that the fire was not ready, so he would"Reiterate the foolishness","Again"。At the same time, Xizhen, Guixian and others were added to the ranks, and for a time there was a cry of imploring the government and the opposition to discipline the government.
This is the most important event in the imperial court, and the emperor Weng Tongyi is of course very concerned. He kept a continuous and concise record in his diary. The princes and ministers were anxious to express their attitudes, fearing that they would be misunderstood and endanger themselves.
However, the young Guangxu Emperor never made a clear statement. This is a big deal for Weng Tongyi, who is a teacher. After much consideration, Weng finally took the opportunity to attend class on June 17"In front of the Emperor Guangxu to show everything, please plead with yourself"。
Weng Tonggong persuaded Emperor Guangxu to express his attitude and earnestly retain Cixi's discipline. After being reminded by Weng Tongyi, Emperor Guangxu also showed his heart to Cixi, and earnestly asked Cixi to discipline the government. Weng Tongyi thought that Emperor Guangxu was very decent and appropriate to do this.