Overview:
GB 4943-2011 is a standard issued by the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) to ensure the safety of household appliances and similar appliances. This standard is designed to cover the entire life cycle of a product, from design and manufacturing to end-user use, in order to protect the life and property of users to the greatest extent.
First, general requirements:
1.1 Overall structure of the product:
The requirements in this area are aimed at ensuring that the overall structure of household appliances meets the design and construction requirements of the standard. By strictly specifying the design and construction, the standard aims to eliminate possible structural defects and ensure that the product meets aesthetic and practical standards in appearance to improve overall safety and usability.
1.2 Electrical Properties:
It is required to ensure that the electrical performance of household appliances meets the requirements of the standard to prevent potential electrical failures and hazards. The standard puts forward clear requirements for the design and working principle of the electrical part to ensure that the electrical appliance is stable and reliable under normal operation and reduces the risk caused by electrical problems.
1.3 Protection and insulation:
Emphasizing that products must have adequate protection and insulation measures designed to minimize the risk of electric shock to the user. This includes, but is not limited to, the use of insulation materials in critical areas, the design of effective isolation measures, and ensuring that the product maintains the isolation performance of the electrical parts under normal use. Through these measures, the standard aims to improve the overall safety of the product and reduce the risk of electric shock during use.
Second, electrical and mechanical strength requirements:
2.1 Electrical Section:
The standard emphasizes that the electrical part must be strong enough to prevent damage or cause potential safety hazards. This includes strength regulations for electronic components, wires, circuit boards, etc., to ensure that they are not easily damaged under normal operating conditions, thereby reducing the danger caused by partial damage to electrical appliances. Through this requirement, the standard aims to ensure the stability and reliability of the electrical part and improve the overall safety of the product.
2.2 Mechanical Part:
The standard requires that the mechanical part of the product must be strong and durable enough to ensure that it can still maintain safety under normal conditions of use. This includes specifications for mechanical structures, connectors, moving parts, etc., to ensure that they do not break, deform, or fail over time and under specific loads. By imposing requirements for the strength and durability of mechanical parts, the standard aims to prevent safety risks caused by mechanical problems and ensure that the stability and integrity of the structure are maintained during the service life of the product.
Third, the protection performance requirements:
3.1 Insulation:
The standard specifies the requirements for insulation properties and is designed to ensure that electric shock accidents are not susceptible under normal use. This includes clear specifications for the selection and use of insulating materials, as well as testing and validation of insulation. Through these regulations, the standard ensures that the product has sufficient isolation between the electrical part and the external environment to prevent the conduction of electrical energy to unsafe areas, thereby reducing the risk of electric shock to the user.
3.2 Shielding and Grounding:
The standard emphasizes the requirements for shielding and grounding to improve the electrical safety of the product. Shielding is to reduce electromagnetic interference and ensure that the normal operation of the equipment is not affected by external electromagnetic fields. At the same time, grounding is to ensure that the charge of the equipment can be safely discharged to the ground, reducing the risk of electric shock. The standard specifies the design and effect of shielding materials and grounding systems to ensure that the electrical safety performance of the product meets the requirements of the standard. Through these measures, the standard aims to improve the overall electrical safety of products and reduce the impact of potential electromagnetic interference.
Fourth, the insulation and distance between the electrical appliance and the external circuit:
4.1 Insulation Requirements:
The standard determines the level of insulation between the internal electrical components of the device and the external circuitry. Regulations in this regard relate to the selection of insulating materials, the design and implementation of insulation, to ensure that there is sufficient insulation between the internal electrical components and the external circuitry during the normal operation of the equipment to prevent the conduction of electrical energy into unsafe areas. A clear definition of insulation requirements helps to reduce the risk of electric shock and prevent safety hazards caused by electrical insulation issues.
4.2 Safe Distance:
The standard specifies a safe distance between different devices to prevent accidental electric shock. This includes minimum distance between devices and between devices and other objects to ensure that there is a sufficient safety distance between the user and the electrical components under all conditions. The specification of safety distances helps to prevent the risk of electric shock caused by electrical connection problems between devices or between devices and other objects. The standard has formulated specific safety distance standards for different equipment types and uses to ensure that the product meets the safety performance requirements when used and reduces the potential danger during user use.
5. Mechanical properties:
5.1 Durability:
The standard sets out requirements for the durability of the equipment under normal use and abnormal conditions. This includes prolonged use of the equipment under normal operation, frequent start-up and shutdown, and performance stability under special operating conditions. It is required to ensure that the product remains structurally intact over its design life and prevents degradation of performance due to mechanical wear, fatigue or other factors. By standardizing the durability of equipment, the standard aims to ensure that products can operate reliably for a long time, improving the availability and durability of the overall product.
5.2 Seismic Resistance:
The standard focuses on the stability and safety of the product in abnormal situations such as **. The requirements in this regard relate to the construction, fixation and seismic design of the equipment. It is required to ensure that the product can maintain the stability of the structure under external impact conditions such as **, and prevent equipment overturning or other potential safety hazards caused by vibration. Through these specifications, the standard aims to reduce equipment damage caused by natural disasters such as **, and improve the safety and stability of products under various environmental conditions.
Sixth, electrical performance:
6.1 Electrical Testing:The standard requires exhaustive testing of the electrical performance of the equipment to ensure that it meets the requirements of the standard. Testing in this area involves a number of aspects, including but not limited to:
6.2 Working voltage range test:Make sure that the device is working properly within the specified voltage range.
6.3 Current Load Test:Test the current performance of the equipment under various workloads to ensure stable operation.
6.4 Short Circuit Protection Test:Verify the protection mechanism of the device in the event of a short circuit in the circuit to prevent damage to the device or circuit.
6.5 Insulation Test:Test the level of insulation between the internal electrical components of the device and the external circuitry to ensure safe isolation.
6.6 Temperature Rise Test:Detect the temperature rise of the equipment during long operation to ensure that it does not exceed the safe range.
7. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC):
7.1 Interference Immunity:
The standard requires that the equipment be evaluated for immunity to ensure that it is effectively protected against interference from external electromagnetic sources. This includes, but is not limited to:
7.1.1 Electromagnetic shielding test:Evaluate whether the device is sufficiently shielded from the effects of external electromagnetic fields to prevent negative effects of external signals on device performance.
7.1.2 Anti-electromagnetic interference ability test:Ensure that the equipment can maintain normal operation without interference when the external electromagnetic field changes.
Through these tests, the standard aims to ensure that the device is well immune to interference in the electromagnetic environment, thus guaranteeing its normal operation and not being negatively affected by the surrounding electromagnetic fields.
7.2 Radiation Levels:
The standard determines the level of electromagnetic fields radiated by the equipment and specifies that it should be within a specific range to prevent unwanted interference to other equipment. Tests and specifications in this area include:
7.2.1 Electromagnetic Radiation Measurement:Test the level of electromagnetic radiation generated by the equipment to ensure that it is within the specified radiation range.
7.2.2 Frequency Range Test:Determine the frequency range of the equipment to avoid interfering with the normal operation of other equipment.
Note:With these regulations, the standard ensures that the electromagnetic radiation generated by the equipment in the environment in which it is used does not cause undue effects on other equipment, and that the overall electromagnetic compatibility is maintained. This helps prevent devices from interfering with each other and ensures that electronic devices can coexist harmoniously in the same environment.
8. Environmental adaptability:
8.1 Factors such as temperature and humidity
The standard requires that the equipment be tested for environmental adaptability such as temperature and humidity to ensure that the equipment can operate normally under different environmental conditions. Testing in this regard may include, but is not limited to:
8.1.1 Temperature Suitability Test:Evaluate the performance of the device over a wide range of temperatures, including adaptability under extreme high and low temperature conditions.
8.1.2 Humidity Suitability Test:Ensure the performance stability of the equipment in high humidity and low humidity environment, and prevent humidity from causing damage to the equipment.
8.1.3 Environmental Change Test:Considering the various environmental changes that the device may face, test its adaptability to these changes, such as the temperature difference between day and night, etc.
Note:Through these suitability tests, the standard ensures that the equipment can operate reliably and reliably under different environmental conditions. This provides a guarantee for the user to use the device in different regions, seasons and climatic conditions, while increasing the reliability and durability of the equipment.
9. Fire performance:
9.1 Normal Use and Abnormal Conditions:
The standard requires that the product will not cause a fire under normal use and abnormal conditions. Provisions in this regard may include, but are not limited to:
9.1.1 Thermal Stability Test:Evaluate the thermal stability of the equipment under normal use conditions to ensure that the equipment will not cause a fire due to overheating during long-term operation.
9.1.2 Overload and short circuit test:Ensure that the equipment does not create a fire hazard under normal conditions of use and in the event of electrical problems caused by abnormal conditions such as circuit overload or short circuit.
9.1.3 Flame retardancy test:Test the flame retardant performance of the equipment to ensure that the equipment can effectively suppress the fire and prevent the spread of fire in the event of a fire.
Note:With these fire performance requirements, the standard is committed to preventing the risk of fire caused by problems in the equipment itself or external anomalies. This helps to ensure that the product provides a high level of safety in a variety of use situations, preventing potential hazards from fire to users and the environment.
10. Safety performance:
10.1 Anti-electric shock design:
The standard requires that the product be designed to focus on the safety performance of preventing the user from electric shock. Provisions in this regard may include, but are not limited to:
10.1.1 Insulation Design:Emphasis is placed on the use of insulating materials and design to ensure that the electrical part is isolated from the user and reduces the risk of electric shock.
10.1.2 Exterior Enclosure Design:Specify the design of the outer enclosure to prevent the user from coming into contact with hazardous electrical parts.
10.1.3 Ergonomic design: Consider the ergonomic characteristics of the equipment to ensure that the user is not easy to touch the electrical part during normal use.
10.2 Anti-jet design:
The standard requires measures to prevent electric current from entering the user in order to improve electrical safety. This may include, but is not limited to:
10.2.1 Effective galvanic isolation:Ensure that effective isolation measures are in place between the electrical part inside the equipment and the user to prevent the current from being injected directly into the user.
10.2.2 Leakage current protection:It is required to use leakage protection devices in the equipment to cut off the leakage current in time and reduce the risk of electric shock.
10.2.3 Safety Signs and Warning Labels:It is stipulated that there should be clear signs and labels on the equipment to remind the user of information about electrical safety, such as prohibiting disassembly, power failure during maintenance, etc.
Note:Through these safety performance requirements, the standard aims to ensure that the product is designed and used to minimize the protection against electric shock and reduce the potential risk of electrical injury.
11. User Manual:
11.1 Content and Format:
The standard stipulates that the user manual should contain clear content and format to ensure that the user can use and maintain the equipment correctly. This may include, but is not limited to:
11.1.1 Installation Guide:Provide detailed equipment installation steps and precautions.
11.1.2 Instructions:Clearly describe the operating steps and functions of the equipment.
11.1.3 Maintenance Instructions:Provide equipment maintenance methods, cycles, and precautions to extend the life of the equipment.
11.1.4 Safety Warnings:Include warnings and precautions regarding the safe use of the device to reduce potential risks.
Note:By standardizing the content and format of user manuals, the standard aims to provide users with clear, easy-to-understand instructions for use and maintenance.
XII. Signs and Labels:
12.1 Product Mark:
The standard stipulates that there should be clear signs and labels on the equipment so that the user can use the equipment correctly. This may include, but is not limited to:
12.1.1 Electrical Safety Signs:Remind users of information about electrical safety, such as prohibition of disassembly, use when power is off, etc.
12.1.2 Operation Indication Signs:Operation signs that instruct the user on the proper use of the device.
12.1.3 Warning Labels:Include labels about the potential risks and safety considerations of the device.
Note:With these signs and labels, the standard ensures that users can quickly understand the rules and safety precautions for using the device.
Thirteen, quality inspection:
13.1 General Procedure:
The standard describes the general procedures and requirements for quality inspection of household appliances. This may include, but is not limited to:
13.1.1 Sampling Inspection:Determine the sample size and method to be tested.
13.1.2 Inspection items:List the specific items that need to be inspected to ensure that the product meets the quality requirements specified in the standard.
Note:By developing general quality inspection procedures, standards aim to ensure that the products produced meet quality standards.
14. Product qualification certificate:
14.1 Content and Issuance Requirements:
The standard specifies the content and issuance requirements of the product conformity certificate to ensure compliance with the standard. This may include, but is not limited to:
14.1.1 Product Specifications:Describe the detailed specifications and characteristics of the product.
14.1.2 Quality Test Results:This includes the results of various quality tests that the product has undergone.
14.1.3 Production Date and Batch:Record the production date and production lot of the product.
Note:By standardizing the content and issuance requirements of the certificate of conformity, the standard ensures that the conformity of the product is clear and traceable.
Fifteenth, quality assurance:
15.1 Manufacturer's requirements:
The standards include the quality assurance system and requirements that manufacturers should follow. This may include, but is not limited to:
15.1.1 Quality Management System:Stipulate the quality management system that the manufacturer should establish and maintain.
15.1.2 Continuous Improvement:Encourage manufacturers to carry out continuous improvement of quality management.
Note:Through these requirements, the standard ensures that manufacturers take appropriate measures to ensure that the quality of the products meets the requirements of the standard.
Standard role:
Compliance with GB 4943-2011 helps provide manufacturers, testing laboratories and regulatory agencies with a uniform standard to ensure that the household appliances produced meet the most basic safety standards. Following this standard helps prevent accidents, ensures the reliability of the product in normal use, and provides users with safer and more reliable products and a better user experience.