The state of Qin was located in the remote west, and its economy was relatively backward. During the reign of Qin Xiangong, the household registration system was formulated, counties were set up, and the funeral system was abolished, which strengthened the power of feudal landlords and prepared for the later Shang Dynasty reform. After Qin Xiaogong ascended the throne, he was determined to inherit the cause of Xiangong and carry out reforms. At this moment, Limartingale came from Wei to Qin.
Shang Yang is a descendant of the declining nobles of the Wei Kingdom, surnamed Gongsun, named Marting, also called Wei Marting, and later because of his meritorious work in the Qin State to change the law, he was named Shang Jun, so it is called Shang Yang in history.
The main contents of the Shang Martingale Reform Law are:
1. The slave system was abolished by decree, and the boundaries of the fields were re-established, and it was not allowed to move without permission. Land can be bought and sold, which is conducive to the development of private ownership of feudal land.
2. Reward military merits. Military merit is calculated by the number of enemies killed on the front line. Shang Ying established a system of military merit knighthoods, giving various privileges according to the level of the title. The monarch's clan could not enjoy the privileges of the nobility without military merits, which was a heavy blow to the old nobility, but an encouragement to the lower soldiers.
3. Emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business. Shang Ying regarded agriculture as a pawn"industry"He believed that agriculture was the foundation of the country's prosperity and strength, so that some businessmen were forced to abandon business and become farmers.
4. The county system is widely implemented. Shang Ying established 31 new counties, and each county set up official positions such as Ling and Cheng to manage county affairs, and the county became a local organization directly under the monarch, strengthening the centralization of power.
5. The Shiwu continuous sitting system was established. Five families are together, and ten families are not, and there are denunciations"Adulterer"If not to denounce to be punished with a new waist, to denounce"Adulterer"and shall be rewarded.
6. Unified weights and measures. What is still alive now"Shang Yang Fang Sheng"It was a standard gauge promulgated at the time.
The reform of the Shang Dynasty was essentially a revolution of the feudal landlord class, which offended the interests of the old aristocracy from the beginning. After the death of Qin Xiaogong, Shang Ying was killed"Car cracking"and died, but the content of the reform continued, making Qin a powerful country during the Warring States period and laying the foundation for the unification of the six countries in the future.