With the intensification of climate change, the frequent occurrence of extreme weather has attracted widespread attention. In June this year, the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention issued guidelines for public health protection against heat waves, which clearly mentioned three types of impacts on human health. In recent years, the number of fatal cases caused by heat stroke has also begun to increase year by year. 
The picture shows Liu Qingquan, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and president of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University.
Liu Qingquan, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and president of the Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, told reporters that heat stroke is a disease caused by the human body being in a high temperature environment, sweating a lot, taking in less water, and causing dehydration, organ damage and even death. However, heat stroke is not like a common illness in the past, and doctors can make a correct diagnosis at the first moment with years of experience. "In the past, it was rare to encounter such extreme weather continuously, so whether it is a front-line doctor or an entire hospital, it is often easy to misdiagnose and misdiagnose diseases such as heatstroke. Liu Qingquan explained that some of the previously uncommon health damage caused by climate change is now likely to be more frequent, so healthcare workers need to pay attention to "climate diseases" that have not been seen often in clinical work in the past.
In addition to the increase in heatstroke, infectious diseases caused by extreme weather have also begun to show a more frequent trend. Liu Qingquan said that infectious diseases such as measles and tuberculosis will become more active than before due to the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, and at the same time, such diseases may also show an upward trend as people's protective function gradually declines after vaccination. The prevention and treatment of this kind of infectious disease has been different from the past, the disease population, the characteristics of the disease are changing, so the clinical characteristics are also changing, if the medical workers are not fully prepared, it is easy to misdiagnose, and the consequence of misdiagnosis is infection.
From the perspective of medical popularization and education, we have not fully paid attention to the problems caused by extreme weather, and many medical textbooks do not explain heat stroke in detail, or even list it separately, and many medical students do not understand the pathogenesis of it. Liu Qingquan said that for diseases caused by extreme weather such as heat stroke, in medical education, there should be a detailed introduction in the textbook;In hospital clinics, it is necessary to incorporate our routine medical care.
In addition, extreme weather changes are not just the occurrence of extreme heat. Liu Qingquan said that while the temperate zone is moving northward, the cold zone is also moving southward, and many people who have lived in temperate tropical areas for a long time cannot adapt well to the cooling weather. "There are cases that Thailand experienced a cold wave in 2019, and after the temperature dropped to more than ten degrees Celsius, there were cases of elderly people freezing to death. ”
Liu Qingquan further said that the advent of extreme weather has a great impact on human body functions, and many people are not prepared to deal with extreme cold or heat, especially special groups, and the elderly and young people are more susceptible to obvious effects. "If it's not enough to rely on passive protection to deal with extreme weather, we also need to improve our body's resistance. Liu Qingquan said that the biggest problem for teenagers to deal with extreme weather is the lack of physical exercise and the lack of emergency response capabilities for various harsh environments. Adolescents are not trained to cope with extreme weather, and their coping skills are lacking.
In 2021, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued a notice on further strengthening the management of physical health of primary and secondary school students, which mentioned that it is necessary to do a good job in monitoring the physical health of adolescents, study and judge the physical health level of students, and formulate corresponding physical health improvement plans. Liu Qingquan said that schools should appropriately carry out cold and heat resistance training for students to enhance their ability to resist extreme weather. At the same time, it is also necessary to carry out a certain amount of physical confrontation sports activities, so that young people can have sufficient physical functions so that they can better cope with the harsh environment brought about by extreme weather.
From a medical point of view, it is important to cope with extreme weather and keep fit, after training, the human body can adapt to extreme weather. Liu Qingquan said that people's physiology in the face of external influences need a gradual process of adaptation and somatosensory process, just like the training of long-distance runners, people who do not exercise often have a rapid increase in heart rate when running, unable to adapt to the intensity of aerobic, while people who exercise regularly will not have obvious discomfort.
In addition, extreme weather can also lead to mental illness. Liu Qingquan said that the mind and the body are often linked, and to a certain extent, the psychological fear is greater than the real damage caused by the environment, and the fragility of the body and the fear of not being able to adapt to the extreme climate are two sides of the same coin. "Some people see people dying in extreme weather, and the first thing they think about is the worst that can happen to them, which is not conducive to people's mental health development and will deepen people's panic. Liu Qingquan further said that the main way to solve psychological problems is to improve physical fitness, after the tempering of the environment, the body has a positive feedback, and people naturally have no psychological fear. Liu Qingquan said that from a historical point of view, the earth's thousands of years of changes, between different hundreds of years, its warm and cold performance is different, it seems that the contemporary earth has entered the "warm" This is very similar to the temperature during the Ming and Qing dynasties, so the research and experience of traditional Chinese medicine in the Ming and Qing dynasties on heat stroke and other diseases, including literature and cases, has important implications for the current response to extreme climate change. "At present, in addition to the need for people to gradually adapt to extreme climate, we should establish a sound early warning system on the basis of overall planning, urban infrastructure in some areas should not only consider economic benefits, but also consider the impact of geographical location and climate on human health. Liu Qingquan stressed that there should be a scientific judgment on the environment in which people live, and it is necessary to assess whether climate change will cause natural disasters and other problems and whether it is livable. At the same time, he further emphasized that hospitals should also be fully prepared for diseases caused by extreme weather, especially in summer and winter, to tell everyone about such diseases, and to do a good job in diagnosing and identifying and understanding the early symptoms of such diseases. **People's Political Consultative Conference Daily (December 19, 2023, Edition 03).
Reporter: Zhang Jiaming (Xi) Layout Editor: Wang Huifeng Xin**Editor: Hong Lin Review: Zhou Jiajia