The first important change in the reform of rural homesteads is the implementation of the policy of paid use of homestead land in the pilot areas. In the past, due to historical reasons, there were situations in rural areas where "one household has multiple houses" and "one house per household exceeds the standard". In order to solve this problem, a paid use system has been introduced in the pilot areas of homestead reform nationwide. That is, when the homestead exceeds the reasonable area stipulated by the local regulations, the farmer needs to pay a certain fee. Taking Chuanshanping Town, Miluo City, Yueyang City, Hunan Province as an example, according to the regulations, the part exceeding the restricted area of the homestead will be charged at a corresponding fee per square meter. For example, if the homestead exceeds 30 square meters to 60 square meters, it will be charged 8 yuan per year;If it exceeds 60 square meters to 100 square meters, it will be charged 10 yuan per yearMore than 100 square meters to 150 square meters, the annual fee is 12 yuan;If it exceeds 150 square meters, it will be charged 15 yuan per year.
The purpose of this move is to guide and regulate the rational use of rural homesteads, and at the same time to provide certain economic support and guarantee for rural social and economic development.
In recent years, due to the outflow of a large number of rural people, the problem of idle rural homesteads has become increasingly serious. In order to make effective use of these idle homesteads, the rural areas have explored a paid exit mechanism in the process of homestead reform. That is, when farmers settle in cities and towns, they can return their homesteads to the village collectives and receive corresponding economic compensation. For example, Wuyi County, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, stipulates that farmers who voluntarily quit their homesteads can not only receive 25 square meters of homestead compensation, equivalent to 350,000 yuan per mu, but also each farmer who quits can also receive an additional 40,000 yuan in compensation.
The promulgation of this policy, on the one hand, can promote the optimal allocation and circulation of rural homestead resources, and on the other hand, it also provides a way for farmers to transform from homestead land to cities, which is conducive to improving farmers' living conditions and promoting the development of rural economy.
In addition to piloting the policy of paid use and paid withdrawal, the state also encourages rural areas to revitalize homesteads. Specific methods include self-management or shareholding and other forms, so that the idle rural homesteads can be effectively utilized. For example, citizens can cooperate with rural villagers to carry out projects such as rural farmhouses, rural handicraft shops, rural tourism and rural e-commerce.
This policy aims to promote the development and utilization of rural homestead resources through a variety of channels, promote the transformation and upgrading of the rural economy, increase farmers' incomes, and enrich the industrial structure and development mode of rural areas.
Whether it is the paid use of the homestead, the paid withdrawal, or the revitalization and utilization of the homestead, it is inseparable from the confirmation and issuance of the right to the homestead. Therefore, Document No. 1 of 2023 clearly proposes to speed up the pace of the issuance of certificates for the integration of rural homestead and real estate.
The significance of homestead ownership confirmation lies in the fact that it can not only reduce rural homestead disputes and maintain the stability of rural order, but also ensure that farmers can enjoy the dividends brought by the reform in the process of homestead reform. For example, once a farmer's homestead is confirmed, they can use the homestead more conveniently through mortgages, circulation, etc., and obtain economic benefits from it. In addition, the confirmation and issuance of certificates will also contribute to the development of the rural homestead circulation market, promote the development of the rural homestead economy and the growth of farmers' wealth.
In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of rural villagers' homesteads, it is forbidden to illegally recover homesteads acquired by farmers in accordance with the law. This is clearly stipulated in the Interim Measures for the Management of Rural Homesteads issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in November 2022.
However, if the villagers use the homestead illegally and the homestead is repossessed by the village, it will be a different situation. For example, if a rural villager has been vacant for a long time, or has used the homestead for illegal purposes (such as building a factory). In this case, the homestead can be recovered in accordance with the law.
In 2023, the reform of rural homesteads will usher in five major changes: the implementation of the paid use system in pilot areas, the exploration of the paid withdrawal mechanism, the revitalization and utilization of rural homesteads, the acceleration of the confirmation and issuance of certificates for the integration of homestead and real estate, and the prohibition of illegal recovery of homesteads obtained by villagers in accordance with the law. These changes are aimed at standardizing and optimizing the use of rural homesteads, promoting the development of the rural economy and the increase of farmers' incomes, and providing farmers with better living conditions and development opportunities.
The author believes that these changes are positive for farmers, and they will help solve the problems existing in rural homesteads and promote the development of the rural economy and the increase of farmers' incomes. At the same time, these reform measures also provide farmers with more opportunities for transformation, and can realize the urbanization transformation and rapid social and economic development of farmers through the rational use of homesteads.
However, it is also necessary to pay attention to some problems and challenges that may exist in the reform process, such as the imbalance in the allocation of homestead resources and the imperfection of the homestead circulation market. Therefore, while implementing reform policies, supervision and guidance should be strengthened to ensure the fairness and smooth progress of the reform process.
For farmers, it is necessary to actively understand and participate in the reform of rural homesteads, fully understand their own rights and interests, make reasonable use of their homestead resources, and achieve their own development goals. At the same time, ** and relevant departments should also strengthen publicity and policy interpretation to help farmers understand and adapt to the reform policy, and jointly achieve the goal of rural homestead reform.