At the symposium on promoting the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China in the new era, the general secretary emphasized: "Actively cultivate strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing, and electronic information, actively cultivate future industries, accelerate the formation of new quality productivity, and enhance new momentum for development." "The new quality of productivity is a new concept based on the forefront of the world's scientific and technological progress and focusing on the goal and task of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. In the new era and new journey, we must deeply understand and grasp the great significance, basic characteristics, formation logic and profound impact of the new quality productive forces, run innovation through the whole process of all aspects of modernization, and constantly open up new fields and new tracks for development, so as to provide lasting momentum for the high-quality development of China's economy.
Significant. The proposal of new quality productive forces is of great theoretical and practical significance.
The development of new quality productive forces is the key to building a modern and powerful country. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Comrade China with Comrade China as the core has made a two-step strategic arrangement for building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. Whether it is to build a manufacturing power, a quality power, a space power, a transportation power, a network power, a digital China, or to achieve new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, it is required to achieve high-quality development, and the development of new quality productivity is an important driving force to promote the high-quality development of China's economy and society. The new quality productivity is driven by disruptive innovation technology and has high development quality. As the key areas for the formation and development of new quality productivity, strategic emerging industries and future industries have cutting-edge technologies and disruptive technologies, and leading the development of these industries through the integration of scientific and technological innovation resources will help promote the continuous enhancement of China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national strength and international influence.
The development of new quality productivity is an important support for enhancing international competitiveness. In a certain sense, which country has advanced science and technology, especially disruptive technology, and has strategic emerging industries and future industries that are in the leading position in the world, which country is more likely to be in the leading position in the world. The first industrial revolution took place in Britain, steam engines, mechanical spinning machines, etc. became disruptive technologies at that time, and the rapid development of industries represented by these technologies prompted Britain to become a world hegemon;During the Second Industrial Revolution, the United States established an industrial system with electricity, petroleum, chemical industry and automobiles as its pillars, and became the leader and biggest beneficiary in the scientific and technological and industrial revolution. To build China into a modern socialist power, it is necessary to grasp the huge opportunities brought about by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, rely on independent innovation, accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces, vigorously develop strategic emerging industries and future industries, open up new tracks, and create new advantages.
The development of new quality productive forces is an inevitable requirement for better meeting the needs of the masses for a better life. In the new era, people's needs for a better life are becoming more and more extensive, not only putting forward higher requirements for material and cultural life, but also more intense demand for higher-level and more diversified ecological products and cultural products. Accelerating the formation and development of new quality productive forces and improving the level of scientific and technological innovation will help promote industrial transformation and upgrading, form a high-quality, efficient and diversified supply system, provide more high-quality products and services, and continuously meet the needs of the people for a better life.
Basic features: Compared with the traditional productivity, the new qualitative productivity is the productivity that embraces the new qualitative elements, which means the leap in the level of productivity.
From the perspective of the main body, most of the traditional productive forces are carried by traditional industries, and most of the new quality productive forces are carried by new industries using new technologies. Of course, traditional industries are not necessarily backward industries, and after transformation and upgrading, they can also give birth to new industries and form new quality productivity.
From the perspective of growth, the growth of traditional productive forces is low and the growth rate is slowThe new quality productivity has a relatively high growth potential, the growth rate is relatively fast, and the trend of accelerating development is showing.
From the perspective of labor productivity, the labor productivity of traditional productive forces is relatively low, while the new quality productivity shows a higher level in the three aspects of laborers, labor materials, and labor objects, and labor productivity is relatively high, providing new products and new services, or its products and services have better new performance.
From the perspective of the competitive environment, the threshold of industrial technology for the formation of traditional productive forces is relatively low, the competition is relatively fierce, and the profit margin is relatively lowThe emerging industries that form new quality productivity belong to the new track, and the technical threshold for entry is relatively high, the competition is relatively small, and the profit margin is relatively high.
From the perspective of the constituent elements of the productive forces, the industries where the traditional productive forces are located do not have high requirements for the quality of the labor forceHowever, the new industries that form new quality productive forces have higher requirements for the quality of labor and can develop and utilize more factors of production.
Form logic. The recent economic work conference pointed out that it is necessary to promote industrial innovation with scientific and technological innovation, especially to promote new industries, new models and new kinetic energy with disruptive technologies and cutting-edge technologies, and develop new quality productivity. Emerging industries are important carriers for the formation of new quality productivity. Emerging industries are dynamic. Compared with the emerging industries in the past, in today's era, scientific and technological innovation can give birth to more new industries and cover a wider range of fields. During the first industrial revolution, emerging industries mainly covered industries such as textiles and coalDuring the second industrial revolution, emerging industries are more embodied in the power industry, chemical industry, petroleum industry and other fieldsDuring the period of the third industrial revolution, emerging industries were mainly concentrated in the fields of information technology and network technology. At present, emerging industries involve energy conservation and environmental protection, a new generation of information technology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, new materials, intelligent manufacturing, etc., covering a wider and wider range of fields, which can drive the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. The technology of emerging industries has a continuous maturing process from research and development to popularization and application, and emerging industries also have a growth process of generation, development and growth.
Emerging industries come from advanced technology. Advanced technology comes from scientific discoveries and technological inventions. Whether it is scientific discovery or technological invention, it is inseparable from talents, platforms and funds. The cultivation of talents depends on various schools, research institutes and enterprises. This requires deepening the reform of the education system, and whether it is basic education, higher education, or vocational education, we must pay attention to stimulating the innovative thinking and creative ability of talents. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the scientific research system and mechanism, attach importance to basic research, focus on cultivating talents in basic disciplines, focus on major inventions, discoveries and scientific and technological achievements, and focus on major practical problems. Cultivating talents also needs a platform, and it is difficult to cultivate first-class talents and produce first-class scientific research results without a first-class experimental platform. In today's highly developed science and technology, first-class scientific research achievements need first-class laboratories as support, and national key laboratories should be built around major strategic needsFocusing on regional strategic needs and practical problems, we will build a regional comprehensive national key laboratoryFocusing on the needs of teaching and scientific research, we will build key laboratories of scientific research institutes and enterprises in colleges and universities. The cultivation and growth of emerging industries, especially strategic emerging industries, and the development of future industries also need financial support. At the same time, it is necessary to build a mechanism that is conducive to stimulating the enthusiasm and creativity of talents, and encourage more and better resultsIt is necessary to have a mechanism that tolerates failure, especially for some scientific discoveries and technological inventions with long R&D cycles, and requires strategic patience.
In addition to technical factors, institutional factors are also particularly important in forming new qualitative productive forces. The productive forces always have to move forward, and they do not develop at a uniform pace, sometimes fast, sometimes slowly;Countries around the world are not developing at the same pace, some countries are developing fast, while others are developing slowly. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the beginning of reform and opening up, the development of China's productive forces and the progress of science and technology have entered a period of accelerated development, the gap between China and the developed countries has gradually narrowed, and in some fields, it has increasingly changed from following in the past to running and leading. To form and develop new quality productive forces, it is necessary to provide institutional guarantees for the continuous improvement of productive forces through comprehensively deepening reforms.
Specifically, the formation of new quality productivity requires an ecology and mechanism for transforming scientific and technological achievements into real productivity. Scientific and technological achievements are not yet real productive forces, and it is necessary to build a transformation mechanism and accelerate the construction of a high-standard technology trading market. It is necessary to build an open innovation ecology, focus on promoting the integrated development of production, education, research and application, focus on improving the evaluation system and other basic reforms, and implement systems such as "unveiling the leader" and "horse racing", so that scientific and technological personnel with real talents and real learning can be useful.
In addition, the formation and development of new quality productive forces requires both an effective market and a promising market. The effective market is reflected in the allocation of production factors and market pricing to improve efficiency and effectiveness through the market, and the promising market is reflected in creating a good innovation ecology and stimulating the vitality of innovation subjects. It is necessary to let the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, better play a leading role, make good use of China's institutional advantages and super-large-scale market advantages of concentrating on major events, overcome difficulties, expand and strengthen strategic emerging industries, and accelerate the promotion of future industrial innovation and development.
Profound impact. The scientific and technological innovation that forms new qualitative productive forces is not a general scientific and technological innovation, but an innovation in basic science, cutting-edge technology, and disruptive technology with great potential. These major scientific and technological innovations will profoundly change people's mode of production, lifestyle, and way of thinking, and then bring profound and lasting changes to the economy and society.
From an economic point of view, it can bring significant efficiency changes and power changes. The efficiency change brought about by the new quality productivity is not the improvement of the efficiency of a single factor of production, but the improvement of total factor productivity, and the driving force of the change comes from the core driving force of scientific and technological innovation, by improving the quality and efficiency of the supply system, leading and creating new demand with high-quality supply, so as to promote the high-quality development of the economy. The scale and quality of strategic emerging industries that a country or region has that are in a leading position in the world, as well as the cultivation and development of future industries, determine the economic strength and status of the country or region to a certain extent.
From a social point of view, it can bring about a profound impact on production and life. First of all, the new quality productivity greatly improves labor productivity, brings more profits to enterprises, and also greatly reduces labor intensity, especially heavy physical labor intensity, improves the working environment, and effectively shortens labor hours. Secondly, the new products and services provided by the new quality productivity have improved people's quality of life and improved their quality of life. Thirdly, in the long run, the technological progress brought about by the development of new quality productivity will increase mental work and prompt more workers to engage in research and development, service and other work. It should also be noted that while the application of new technologies promotes the progress of social civilization, it may also bring some negative effects, such as the development of information technology can bring great convenience to people, but there are also risks such as leaking personal privacy, and it is objectively necessary to further improve relevant systems and rules.
The author, Zhao Zhenhua, is a researcher at the Research Center for Socialist Thought with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era and the director of the Department of Economics Teaching and Research at the Party School (National Academy of Administration).