Chinese History: The Changes of the Zhou and Qin Dynasties and the Evolution of the Qin System.
After the fall of the Qin Dynasty, successive dynasties were Xi to accuse Qin Shihuang of ** as a way to show their benevolence. However, the reign of Shang Ying and Han Feizi led to the domination of the Qin state, and Chinese history entered a bizarre cycle. Although all dynasties despised the Qin dynasty, all the kings followed the example of Qin Shi Huang, and eventually the inevitable repetition of the fall of the Qin dynasty.
In Chinese history, among the negative evaluations of the emperors of the past dynasties, Qin Shi Huang has rarely been surpassed. Political commentators criticized him for his tyranny and unreasonableness, Jia Yi summarized the reasons for the fall of the Qin Dynasty in "On the Passage of Qin", and Sima Qian even concluded that Qin Shi Huang covered the coffin, accusing it of being the beginning of tyranny. The poet also criticized Qin Shi Huang, and Du Mu accused him of being poor and extravagant in "A Fang Gong Fu". The folklore "Meng Jiangnu Crying on the Great Wall" expresses his disgust with Qin Shi Huang's disregard for the lives of the people.
However, behind all these voices of contempt for the Qin Dynasty, successive dynasties have quietly inherited the "Qin system". The emperor, who despised the Qin dynasty, eventually became the successor of Qin Shi Huang. This peculiar cycle has been going on for thousands of years.
In Two Thousand Years of the Qin System, Chen Xubin summarized the "Qin system" as a system based on the bureaucracy, and emphasized the intensity and total amount of human and material resources. This "Qin system" never ended with the fall of the Qin Dynasty, but was continued among successive emperors.
The Zhou and Qin Revolution was a major transformation in Chinese history, from a small community to a large community, with the aim of transferring people's loyalty to the family to the monarch who represented the state. The emergence of the Great Community made efficiency the core of rule, replacing feudalism, aristocracy, and etiquette.
However, the Great Community, while strong, periodically collapses. Qin Shi Huang's reign of the emperor swept through the world as if it destroyed everything, but his rule also quickly collapsed, and Chinese history entered a cycle of great prosperity and decline.
To get out of the Qin system, we need to face the real problems of history. Although successive dynasties have learned the lessons of history, why is it still difficult to escape the punishment of history?The changes of Zhou and Qin and the subsequent changes were related to the question of how to get rid of the imperial system and get out of the Qin system. This is the key to understanding China's history and the way forward in the future.