Reporter of China Industry NewsZuo Zongxin
It has been more than two years since the implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 (hereinafter referred to as the "Outline").
On December 26th, commissioned by ***,Zheng Shajie, director of the National Development and Reform CommissionDelivered to the Seventh Session of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's CongressMid-term Assessment Report on the Implementation of the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035(hereinafter referred to as the "Assessment Report"). He introduced,The implementation of the "Outline" has achieved "more than half of the time and more than half of the tasks", and the progress of the main target indicators is generally in line with expectations.
*：bing
The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is the first five years after China has built a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and achieved the first centenary goal, taking advantage of the momentum to start a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way and marching towards the second centenary goal. The Assessment Report is not only a comprehensive review and sorting out of the main objectives and indicators of the Outline, the promotion of high-quality development, major strategic tasks, major engineering projects and changes in the development situation, but also a comprehensive review and combing of the main difficulties and problems that may exist in the implementation of the second half of the 14th Five-Year Plan and their causes, and put forward targeted and feasible policy measures for the indicators and tasks that have not reached the expected progress, so as to promote the successful completion of the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan.
According to the evaluation report, over the past two years, the complete industrial system and the whole chain industrial chain have been consolidated, the real economy has continued to grow, strategic emerging industries have continued to develop, the digital economy has been deeply integrated with advanced manufacturing and modern service industries, and the industrial development has been steadily moving towards the middle and high-end.
"China's gross domestic product (GDP) has crossed the 120 trillion yuan level, and the per capita GDP has reached the world average level, achieving a good start in the new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. ”Zheng Shajie said that over the past two years, the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles promoting each other has been acceleratedThe contribution of domestic demand to economic growth increased from 74 in 20207% to 82 in 20229%，The gravitational field effect of a strong domestic market on global resource elements is constantly emerging.
The evaluation report statesThe pace of innovation-driven development has accelerated, a number of "stuck neck" technologies have been overcome and industrialized, and the layout of national strategic scientific and technological forces has been accelerated. The national laboratories have been established and put into operation, the national key laboratories have been basically reorganized, and the number of new R&D institutions has exceeded 2,400. 35 of the 77 major national scientific and technological infrastructures have been completed and put into operation, forming a number of world-leading scientific and technological achievements. The proportion of basic research investment in R&D investment remains above 6%, and the number of highly cited people remains the second in the world. All kinds of innovation elements will accelerate the agglomeration of enterprises, increase the proportion of R&D expenses of enterprises in eligible industries to 100%, the proportion of enterprise R&D expenditure in the whole society will exceed 77%, the R&D investment intensity of industrial enterprises will exceed 3%, and the proportion of national key R&D programs participated in or led by enterprises will be close to 80%.
The development of the modern industrial system has been accelerated, and the foundation of the real economy has been consolidated and strengthened. According to the assessment report, the added value of the manufacturing industry increased to 27 percent of GDP8%, accounting for about 30% of the world's total;The average annual growth rate of the added value of strategic emerging industries was 158%, accounting for more than 13% of GDP;The total scale of computing power ranks second in the worldSignificant progress has been made in industrial digitalization, with the numerical control rate of key processes in key areas of the manufacturing industry and the penetration rate of digital R&D and design tools increasing to 60 respectively1% and 783%；The charging infrastructure for new energy vehicles reached 6.65 million units, an increase of nearly three times from 2020.
Solid progress has been made in green and low-carbon development, and new progress has been made in the construction of ecological civilization. According to the assessment report, the installed capacity of non-fossil energy power generation has historically exceeded that of fossil energy, and the proportion of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption has increased to 175%。
In addition, according to the Assessment Report,Up to now, among the 102 major engineering projects, 96 have progressed in line with expectations, and 6 have basically met expectations, which has strongly supported the implementation of strategic tasks in related fields.
We will put stable economic growth in a more prominent and important position, focus on releasing the potential of domestic demand, enhance innovation capabilities, cultivate development momentum, focus on deepening reform and opening up, stabilizing social expectations, and boosting development confidence, pay more attention to the dynamic balance and coordinated linkage of multiple goals of macro policies, and continue to implement the goals and tasks of the "Outline" of the 14th Five-Year Plan in the spirit of nailing, so as to make a good start and take a good step towards building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. Zheng Shajie said.
Focusing on promoting the implementation of the objectives of the Outline, the Assessment Report proposes a series of measures:
The first is to focus on overcoming difficulties and strive to complete the main target indicators.
According to the progress of the main indicators of the "Outline", the progress of the 16 indicators that have been completed ahead of schedule, faster than expected, and basically in line with expectations should continue to consolidate and expand the existing results and prevent them from falling back or **. For the four indicators that are lagging behind the progress (reduction of energy consumption per unit of GDP, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP, the proportion of days with good air quality in cities at the prefecture level and above, and the number of infants and young children under the age of 3 per 1,000 population), it is necessary to optimize and adjust policies, increase the intensity of tackling tough problems, and do our best to promote the completion of the planning goals.
Second, efforts should be made to expand domestic demand and ensure that the economy recovers at an accelerated pace and maintains stable growth.
We should strengthen the overall planning and coordination of macroeconomic policies, continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, strive to stabilize the fundamentals of foreign trade and foreign investment, and strive to expand consumption and investment. Vigorously expand the effective investment space, stimulate the vitality of private investment, better play the leading role of investment, and increase investment support in the fields of future industrial development, transformation of traditional industries, new infrastructure, and key core technologies. Guide fiscal and financial funds to invest in 102 major engineering projects, and give inclined support in terms of land use, sea energy and environmental impact assessment.
The third is to focus on tackling key core technologies and accelerating the promotion of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance.
Give full play to the advantages of the new first-class system, and make every effort to promote the core technology research in key areas and strategic products. Accelerate the implementation of major projects in scientific and technological innovation 2030. Strengthen the main position of enterprise innovation, introduce and implement policies and measures to promote the deep integration of innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain and talent chain, support the development of specialized, special and new enterprises, improve the assessment mechanism for state-owned capital investment in innovation, increase the opening of scientific and technological resources of universities and scientific research institutes to enterprises, especially private enterprises, and optimize the use of the first (set) of products, the first batch of key new materials insurance compensation and other mechanisms.
Fourth, we should focus on promoting new industrialization and accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system.
Promote the integration of strategic emerging industries, build a new generation of information technology, intelligent (networked) vehicles, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, aerospace, biomedicine and high-end medical equipment, safety and emergency equipment and a number of new growth engines, and accelerate the large-scale application of Beidou. Forward-looking planning and layout of a number of future industries, accelerate the formation of new quality productivity. Accelerate the development of the digital economy, promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, formulate and implement the "1+N" action plan for the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry, deeply implement the intelligent manufacturing project, accelerate the "intelligent transformation and digital transformation" of industry, and cultivate and develop digital industrial clusters.
Fifth, efforts should be made to deepen market-oriented reform and institutional opening-up, and effectively enhance the impetus and vitality of development.
Adhere to the "two unswerving", implement the deepening and upgrading of the reform of state-owned enterprises, accelerate the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, and improve the state-owned assets management system based on the management of capitalAccelerate the clean-up and abolition of laws, regulations and policies related to the unequal treatment of enterprises, break down market access barriers, improve the normalized prevention and clean-up mechanism and financing support policies for arrears, improve the normalized communication and exchange mechanism with private enterprises, strengthen system construction, and mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of private enterprises to the greatest extent. Reasonably reduce the negative list for foreign investment access, fully remove restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector, promote the expansion of the opening up of the service sector, expand market access for digital products, and make greater efforts to attract and utilize foreign investment.
Sixth, we will strive to promote regional coordination and urban-rural integrated development, and expand new space for high-quality development.
We will further promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, continue to promote the implementation of landmark relief projects in the Xiong'an New Area, accelerate the construction of major cooperation platforms in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, promote the interconnection of rail in the Yangtze River Delta and the integration of port resources, and accelerate the construction of Shanghai's "five centers". In-depth implementation of the main functional zone strategy, to guide the rational layout of the industry.
Seventh, we will strive to strengthen pollution control and carbon emission control, and consolidate and expand the momentum of improving the quality of the ecological environment.
Accelerate the green transformation of the development mode, coordinate and promote the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure, energy structure and transportation structure, and promote the conservation and intensive utilization of various resources. We will unswervingly fulfill our commitment to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality, adhere to independent action, scientifically adjust and optimize policies and measures, promote the gradual shift from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emissions, accelerate the implementation of renewable energy substitution actions, do a good job in energy conservation at a higher level and higher quality, and continue to consolidate and improve the carbon sink capacity of the ecosystem.
Eighth, we will strive to promote the expansion and quality of public services, and further strengthen the bottom line of basic people's livelihood.
Adhere to and develop the "Fengqiao experience" and "Pujiang experience" in the new era. We will further promote the high-quality development of Zhejiang and build a common prosperity demonstration zone.
Ninth, efforts should be made to build a solid national economic and financial security barrier to prevent and resolve risks in key areas.
We will better coordinate energy security and low-carbon transformation, strengthen the construction of energy production, supply, storage and marketing systems, accelerate the planning and construction of new energy systems, coordinate and promote the construction of large-scale wind power and photovoltaic bases, supporting regulatory power sources and power transmission channels, actively develop nuclear power in a safe and orderly manner, plan ahead and prepare action plans for increasing oil and gas reserves and production in the medium and long term, promote the diversification of oil and gas imports, optimize and adjust the scale of the five major coal support bases, and release advanced coal production capacity in an orderly manner.
The complicated world is diverse, and the drums urge the boat to be stable. Zheng Shajie said that it is of great significance and glorious mission to do a good job in the implementation of the "Outline", and it is necessary to resolutely implement the decision-making and deployment, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all parties, continue to do a good job in implementation, and ensure the completion of the goals and tasks of the "Outline".
Review: Yu Zaozao.
Editor-in-charge: Huo Yue.
Editor: Hu Na