Winter is the season of high incidence of mycoplasma pneumonia, influenza A and other infectious diseases. Now the weather is getting colder and colder, and it has been rainy recently, and many people are uncomfortable. So what are the characteristics of a flu?How to seek medical treatment if you have influenza A?Sheng Zike, the attending physician of the Department of Infectious Diseases of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, said, "Influenza A has a short incubation period, strong contagion, and fast transmission, but there is no need to be afraid, and it is a preventable and treatable infectious disease." ”
The peak incidence of influenza A occurs in winter and spring, and one of the most common manifestations is fever.
Influenza A is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza A virus, which can affect multiple organs and organs throughout the body, and is a Class C infectious disease. Different from the common cold and new coronavirus infection, as an epidemic, the high incidence of influenza A is in winter and spring, and the seasonality is obvious.
If the high fever is 39-40, you can suspect that you have unfortunately been hit***, because one of the most common manifestations of influenza A is fever. It is also accompanied by symptoms of systemic poisoning, such as chills or chills, headache, lack of energy, muscle and joint pain, general malaise and poor appetite. There are also local manifestations such as flushing of the cheeks, conjunctival injection, pharyngeal congestion and pain, dry cough, and runny nose. The manifestations of influenza in children are similar to **, and can also manifest as otitis media, bronchitis, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain are more common.
Pneumonia is the most common and serious complication of influenza A (severe can cause "big white lung"), fever for more than 5 days, be alert to pneumonia!Other complications include neurological damage, sinusitis, otitis media, cardiac damage, myositis, rhabdomyolysis, shock, etc. In high-risk populations and individuals, these complications can often be severe and even life-threatening.
In addition, the peripheral blood white blood cell count in patients with influenza A is generally normal or low on laboratory examination, and the lymphocyte count is mainly low. Peripheral white blood cell count and neutrophils are often elevated in bacterial infection. Nasopharyngeal swab or oropharyngeal swab sampling can be used for nucleic acid testing.
How to prevent influenza A?It is recommended that people at high risk receive an influenza vaccine once a year in the fall.
General prevention: During the epidemic, avoid or avoid going to crowded places, avoid contact with people with respiratory symptoms, and avoid cross-infectionPay attention to wearing masks, washing hands frequently, ventilating frequently, keeping warm, avoiding cold, avoiding tiredness and staying up late, eating a balanced diet, and exercising appropriatelyThorough disinfection of used utensils and secretions can be used as an effective preventive measure, if necessary.
Vaccination: Although the flu virus mutates quickly, flu vaccination is one of the most basic measures of prevention. It is recommended that high-risk groups, health care workers, and caregivers get vaccinated against influenza each fall.
Drug prophylaxis: such as oseltamivir can be used for the prevention of influenza A and B in susceptible populations. Patients with high-risk factors for severe influenza who have not received influenza vaccine or have received influenza vaccine within 2 weeks of receiving influenza vaccine are recommended to take post-exposure prophylaxis if they have close contact with a confirmed or suspected influenza patient within 48 hours.
What should I do if I have a flu?Do I need to see a doctor?
Patients with uncomplicated and non-high-risk influenza A have a self-limited course (self-improvement), and generally recover within 7 days of onset. However, fatigue and cough often persist for several weeks, and cough suppressants are used to provide symptomatic support** and relieve symptoms. At the same time, acetaminophen-containing drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can help relieve fever and pain (under the guidance of a doctor). In addition, it is recommended to rest at home sufficiently, avoid exertion, drink plenty of water, and eat a light and easy-to-digest diet.
People at high risk of influenza virus infection (such as the elderly, children aged 5 years, pregnant women, chronically ill people, immunocompromised people, and obese people) are prone to severe infection, and early (it is recommended to wait for the etiological results of symptoms) antiviral** (no need to wait for the etiological results) can reduce the symptoms of influenza, shorten the course of influenza, and reduce the case fatality rate of influenza. Oseltamivir and mabaloxavir are effective oral drugs against influenza A and B. For the application, usage and dosage, follow the doctor's advice and read the instructions in detail.
Guangming **Quan**Reporter Meng Xindi Yan Weiqi).
Guangming **Quan**Reporter Meng Xindi Yan Weiqi).
Editor-in-charge: Xing Yanyan.
Editor: Chang Ying, Wu Yaqi.