Zhou Jue, the artillery commander of the Jin Sui Army of the generals of the Republic of China

Mondo Military Updated on 2024-01-29

**Period, the Jin Suijun is the "King of Shanxi" Yan Xishan led the troops, the origin of the name of the Jin Suijun, because Yan Xishan originally mastered the territory of Shanxi and Suiyuan provinces, so his troops were called Jin Suijun.

The rise of the Jin Sui Army began in the Northern Expedition War, Yan Xishan followed the trend and led the Jin Sui Army to join the national **, becoming one of the four major group armies of the Northern Expedition, after the end of the Northern Expedition, Yan Xishan also mastered most of North China, and the Jin Sui Army entered its peak. However, with the defeat of the Central Plains War, the vitality of the Jin Sui army was greatly damaged, and it only had the ability to hold the base camp of Shanxi, and could no longer confront Chiang Kai-shek's ** army.

There are many famous generals in the Jin Sui Army, such as Fu Zuoyi, Shang Zhen, Xu Yongchang and others, all of whom are among the best generals in the Kuomintang army, especially Fu Zuoyi during the Liberation War, who has nearly 500,000 troops in North China.

Zhou Yu is also an important general of the Jin Sui Army, although his fame and strength are not as good as Fu Zuoyi, Shang Zhen and others, but he is Yan Xishan's absolute confidant, and he is also the first group of people to follow Yan Xishan to fight the country. Artillery is the most powerful type of army in the ** period, Yan Xishan handed over all his artillery to Zhou Jue, so Zhou Jue is the artillery commander of the Jin Sui Army.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Zhou Ying participated in the Taiyuan Uprising, and after the success of the uprising, Zhou Ying and other rebel generals elected Yan Xishan as the governor of Shanxi, so Yan Xishan regarded Zhou Ying as his confidant. Zhou Yu basically participated in all the wars of the Jin Sui Army, made great contributions to Yan Xishan, and he also controlled all the cannons of the Jin Sui Army.

In the middle of the Anti-Japanese War, Yan Xishan began to have an ambiguous relationship with the Japanese, which made Zhou Ying have a grudge against Yan Xishan, began to alienate Yan Xishan, and resigned from his official position on the grounds of poor health. After the end of the Anti-Japanese War, at the invitation of Yan Xishan many times, Zhou Wei was willing to take up a false position in the Jin Sui army.

In 1887, Zhou Jue was born in Dai County, Shanxi.

In 1906, Zhou Jue was admitted to the Shanxi Army Primary School, and half a year before he graduated, Yan Xishan, who was four years older than him, came back from Japan and went to the Shanxi Army Primary School as an instructor, so Yan Xishan was also Zhou Jue's teacher. Zhou Jue performed very well in school and had excellent grades, Yan Xishan and he could also chat, and under Yan Xishan's recommendation, Zhou Ying joined the Alliance, and the two also formed a deep friendship.

In 1909, Zhou Ying was sent to the Qinghe Army Middle School in Beijing, and when he was resting, he liked to participate in some progressive activities, so he met Jing Meijiu, the editor-in-chief of "National Style", and under the influence of Jing Meijiu, Zhou Jing's revolutionary enthusiasm also deepened.

In October 1911, after the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, the Qinghe Army Middle School in Beijing was suspended, and Zhou Ying returned to Shanxi to prepare to participate in the uprising in Shanxi. On October 20, after Zhou Ying returned to Taiyuan, Yan Xishan was already the standard commander of the Shanxi New Army, Yan Xishan was very happy to see Zhou Ying back, and told him about the plan of the uprising, let him enter his own army, and prepare for the uprising.

After Zhou Ying entered the army, he actively established good relations with the officers at the grassroots level, and read newspapers every day, paying attention to the movements of the national revolution. Soon after, Zhang Shuzhi returned to Taiyuan from Shaanxi, and Yan Xishan asked Zhou Ying and Zhang Shuzhi to win over progressive soldiers in the army and be ready to revolt at any time.

At the end of October, after the success of the Shanxi uprising, he began to elect the governor of Shanxi, and when the ballot was to be announced, Zhang Shuzhi suddenly shouted that Yan Xishan should be the governor of Shanxi, and then Zhou Ying also followed the encouragement of the people around him to approve of Yan Xishan as the governor, and in this way, under the recommendation of everyone, Yan Xishan became the governor of Shanxi.

When Yan Xishan became the governor of Shanxi, the Qing army's troops had already entered Shanxi, Yan Xishan sent troops to Daizhou to garrison, and Zhou Ying followed as a staff officer. Soon after, Niangzi Pass was broken by the Qing army, Yan Xishan temporarily left Taiyuan and went to Wuzhai to join Kong Geng, who sent Zhou Ying to Taiyuan to inquire about the situation of the Qing army.

Zhou Ying heard that Lu Yongxiang of the third town of Beiyang had led his troops into Taiyuan, which made the people of Taiyuan panic, and Zhou Ying reported the situation in Taiyuan to Yan Xishan and Kong Geng, and Yan Xishan asked Zhou Ying to come to Xinzhou.

After Zhou Jue came to Xinzhou, he was appointed as an officer by Yan Xishan.

In 1912, after the establishment of **, the Baoding Military Academy was officially opened, and with the approval of Yan Xishan, Zhou Ying entered the Artillery Department of the Baoding Military Academy for further study.

In 1914, after graduating from the Baoding Military Academy, Zhou Ying returned to Shanxi to rejoin the Jin army, and Yan Xishan directly appointed him as the commander of the artillery company.

In 1915, Zhou Ying served as an instructor in the Shanxi Sergeant Education Corps, and two years later the Sergeant Education Corps was closed, and Zhou Jue served as the commander of the artillery battalion.

In 1917, Duan Qirui wanted to unify the south by force, and sent the Beiyang Army into Hunan to fight against the ** army composed of the Hunan and Guizhou coalition forces. When Shang Zhen led his troops to fight against the ** army, the two generals of the Beiyang warlords suddenly withdrew their troops from Changsha, and then Fu Liangzuo, the Hunan overseer of Beiyang, also left Changsha, causing Shang Zhen's troops to be disarmed by the Hunan army.

In this battle, Shang Zhen was captured by the Hunan army, but he fled to Hubei with the help of a foreign missionary, and there is no record of how Zhou escaped from Hunan, and after he returned to Shanxi, he continued to work as an artillery battalion commander.

In 1925, Fan Zhongxiu of Henan led his troops to attack Shanxi, and Shang Zhen and Zhou Ying fought against Fan Zhongxiu's troops in Liao County, and finally they defeated Fan Zhongxiu, and Zhou Ying was promoted to artillery commander.

In 1927, Yan Xishan led the Jin Sui Army to join the National **, and Yan Xishan himself served as the commander-in-chief of the National ** Third Army, at this time, the artillery of the Jin Sui Army was expanded to eight regiments, and Zhou Ying became the commander of the artillery.

In 1928, Zhou Wei served as the general staff of the Jin Sui Army. During this year, Yan Xishan occupied most of North China and reached the peak of his power, and he expanded the artillery into seven brigades.

After the end of the Northern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek began to want to "cut the feudal domain", and asked Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren, and Yan Xishan to go to Nanjing to participate in the deployment meeting, and Yan Xishan asked Zhou Ying to go to Nanjing with him. Yan Xishan was the last to arrive in Nanjing, and before he came, Chiang Kai-shek, Feng Yuxiang, and Li Zongren had already held talks on many occasions, because the matter of disarmament had been turned upside down and needed to be mediated.

Yan Xishan wanted to be a peacemaker, so he asked Zhou Ying to go to Bai Chongxi to find out, after Zhou Ying came to Bai Chongxi's residence, Bai Chongxi scolded Feng Yuxiang for his ambitions, saying that Feng Yuxiang wanted to unite with Chiang Kai-shek to eliminate the Jin Sui Army and the Gui Army, and finally come to clean up Chiang Kai-shek, so that he could dominate the world. Chiang Kai-shek said that there could only be 50 divisions in the whole country, Feng Yuxiang said that he and Chiang Kai-shek each had 12 divisions, Yan Xishan and Li Zongren had 8 each, and the rest were given to the miscellaneous armies in various places.

After Li Zongren listened to Feng Yuxiang's proposal, he quarreled with Feng Yuxiang, and Chiang Kai-shek watched from the side and did not speak, so it became a stalemate. After Zhou Jue told Yan Xishan about the matter, at the formal reorganization meeting, Yan Xishan proposed that Chiang Kai-shek and Feng Yuxiang each have ten divisions, and he and Li Zongren gave one step, eight divisions each, and then gave eight divisions to other local troops, and the last eight divisions were distributed by **, and finally everyone agreed to Yan Xishan's plan.

In 1930, driven by interests, Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, and Li Zongren still raised troops against Chiang, and the Central Plains War broke out. During the battle, Yan Xishan asked Zhou Ying to arrange seven artillery regiments on the Longhai Line, which inflicted great casualties on Chiang Kai-shek's troops. In order to break a gap in the Jin Sui army, Chiang Kai-shek sent Xiong Shihui's fifth division to the Longhai line, and Xu Yongchang, the commander-in-chief of the Jin Sui army on the Longhai line, asked Yan Xishan for help, and Yan Xishan transferred two more artillery regiments from Zhengzhou to Zhou Yu, and the nine artillery regiments of the Jin Sui army caused great damage to the ** army.

When Chiang Kai-shek was preparing to withdraw his troops from the Longhai line, Zhang Xueliang told Chiang Kai-shek that Shi Yousan was ready to betray Yan Xishan, and at this time there was discord within the Jin Sui army, and Chiang Kai-shek felt that this was the best opportunity to let the troops on the front line hold their positions. Chiang Kai-shek asked the 19th Route Army to come to the Longhai Line to support, and Yan Xishan wanted to completely solve the ** army on the Longhai Line before the 19th Route Army went north, so he asked Zhou Yu to take some money and food and ask Feng Yuxiang to send troops to cooperate with him.

The anti-Chiang coalition was not united internally, Zhou Yu made a lot of efforts, but in the end he missed the fighter, which led to the arrival of reinforcements from the ** army, the collapse of the anti-Chiang coalition army, and Chiang Kai-shek's victory in the Central Plains War.

After the end of the Central Plains War, Yan Xishan fled to Dalian, Zhang Xueliang temporarily dealt with Shanxi's military and political affairs, Zhang Xueliang in order to win over Zhou Ling, the commander of the artillery of the Jin Sui Army, he gave Zhou Ying twice the military salary, so that Zhou Ying made a fortune, and bought real estate everywhere in major cities in the northwest.

In 1937, after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhou Ying led eight artillery regiments to participate in the Battle of Xinkou to resist the Japanese invasion. When the Eighth Route Army passed through his defense area, it was already winter in Shanxi, and the soldiers wore very little, so Zhou Wei gave the Eighth Route Army more than 3,000 sets of cotton clothes and a large amount of food.

In 1938, Taiyuan had been lost, Yan Xishan asked the Jin Suijun to retreat to the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and he himself retreated to Yichuan, Shaanxi, wanting to use the Yellow River to block the Japanese army.

In 1939, Zhou Ying concurrently served as the commander of the artillery of the Jinsui Army and the commander-in-chief of the river defense.

In 1940, because Yan Xishan began to contact the Japanese, Zhou Ying was very dissatisfied with this, so he resigned from his official position and went to live in Chongqing on the grounds of illness.

In 1945, after the end of the Anti-Japanese War, at the invitation of Yan Xishan, Zhou Ying returned to Shanxi.

In 1946, Zhou Ying served as a senior senator and commander-in-chief of Tongpu and Zhengtai road protection.

In 1949, at the end of the Liberation War, Zhou Yu did a lot of work for the peaceful uprising in Beiping.

In 1950, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Ying served as a forestry commissioner and a member of the Shanxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. During the "Cultural Revolution", Zhou Ying was subjected to **.

In 1972, Zhou Jue died of illness at the age of 85.

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