The Qing Dynasty set up nine governors, who governed the administrative, economic and military affairs of one or more provinces, and were the most senior local governors, equivalent to the current position of secretary of the provincial party committee and the first secretary of the party committee of the provincial military district.
1. Governor of the Three Eastern Provinces: Zhao Erxun (July 8, 1844 - September 3, 1927): The Han Army was a native of Tieling City, Liaoning, and his ancestral home was Penglai, Shandong. The people of the time respected him as the "second marshal".
In 1874 (the thirteenth year of Tongzhi), he was a capable minister of the late Qing Dynasty officialdom. When he was the governor of the three eastern provinces, he founded the Fengtian Lecture and Martial Arts Hall, and promoted Zhang Zuolin to obstruct the Xinhai Revolution and was criticized.
After the fall of the Qing court, he served as the president of the Qing History Museum, edited the "Qing History Manuscript", and was respected as one of the "Four Friends of Songshan".
On September 3, 1927, Zhao Erxun died of illness in Beijing at the age of 83.
2. Governor of Zhili: Zhang Zhenfang (1863-1933): a native of Xiangcheng, Henan, the younger brother of Yuan Shikai's brother and sister-in-law.
In 1892 (the eighteenth year of Guangxu), Zhongjinshi, because of Yuan's high promotion, Zhang Zhenfang also began to flourish. After only 10 days as the governor of Zhili and the minister of Beiyang, the Qing Dynasty fell.
After the fall of the Qing court, he was one of the "Seven Murderers" of the sedan chair carried by Yuan to restore the imperial system, and was appointed as the governor of Henan and the chief of civil affairs, and founded the "Henan Preparatory School for Studying in Europe and the United States" (the predecessor of Henan University). Later, he gave up politics and business, and served as the chairman of Yanye Bank, one of the four major banks in China at that time, in Tianjin.
His name is much worse than his son, Zhang Boju, who is known as one of the four sons. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Boju donated half of the national treasure-level calligraphy and paintings of the Palace Museum in Beijing, and it is conceivable how much property Zhang Zhenfang earned in business.
In 1933, Zhang Zhenfang died of illness in Tianjin at the age of 70 and was buried in Wuyao Village, a southeastern suburb of Tianjin.
3. Governor of Liangjiang: Zhang Xun (1854, September 12, 1923): A native of Fengxin County, Jiangxi Province, everyone was called "Braided Shuai" at that time.
Growing up in the military camp, especially when he was training at a small station, he followed Yuan Shikai all the way up, and served as the Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu many times. One word" and "foolish loyalty" led the "pigtail army" to support the absurd thing of Puyi's restoration.
Zhang Xun is good at investment, and runs more than 70 enterprises, with assets estimated at 50 to 60 million yuan. Therefore, he can hire more than 100 servants, can afford to marry one wife and ten concubines, can afford to raise nine sons and five daughters, and can afford to eat the delicacies of the mountains and seas sent from his hometown Jiangxi Fengxin.
On September 12, 1923, Zhang Xun died of illness in Tianjin at the age of 69.
4. Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang: Songshou (1849-1911): Manchuria is a native of the White Banner, the only feudal official who was martyred in the Qing Dynasty.
took the typical "Eight Banners Origin Road", started with his father's shadow, promoted from a clerk to Langzhong, and then gradually rose through the ranks, until he became the last governor of Fujian and Zhejiang in the Qing Dynasty in 1908 and became a feudal official.
As a Manchurian, although he is loyal and courageous, his stubbornness will inevitably end no good.
In 1911, the revolutionary army in Fujian Province rose up, and Songshou was defeated and committed suicide by swallowing gold in his mansion in Fuzhou, at the age of 63.
5. Governor of Huguang: Ruicheng (1863 1915): Mongolian, Manchurian Zhenghuang Banner.
The sons and daughters of the sovereign who are known as the "Three Evils in the Capital" take a typical "Eight Banners Origin Road". Ruizi is not a corrupt bureaucrat, he cultivated Dai Jitao, and has a good relationship with Zhang Jian and others. When the Wuchang Uprising broke out, he directly abandoned the city and fled all the way to Japan. It is indeed "knowing the current affairs", otherwise the Wuchang Uprising would not have been so smooth and successful.
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, he returned to Shanghai and died of illness in Shanghai in 1915.
6. Governor of Liangguang: Zhang Mingqi (1875-September 15, 1945): a native of Wudi, Shandong.
In 1894 (the twentieth year of Guangxu), he raised people and met Cen Chunxuan, a noble man in his life, who has been serving him all the way, relying on his resourcefulness and being good at figuring out how to meet, and naturally following Cen Chunxuan's ascension all the way up. During his tenure as Acting Governor of Liangguang, he brutally suppressed the Huanghuagang Uprising.
Zhang Mingqi is a speculator who sways from side to side and bets at both ends, whether it is the officialdom of the late Qing Dynasty or the Xinhai Revolution, it is inevitable that he will eventually become a big traitor.
On September 15, 1945, Zhang Mingqi, who became a "rat crossing the street" after Japan's surrender, died in the scolding of the people.
7. Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu: Shengyun (July 23, 1858 1931): Mongolian man with yellow flag.
In 1882 (the eighth year of Guangxu), he was promoted to the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu all the way because of his meritorious service in escorting the Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu to flee west. As an official, he was relatively honest and upright, and he also did some good things for the benefit of Sangzi, such as building the Yellow River Iron Bridge in Lanzhou, establishing education in Northwest China, and setting up factories and mining enterprises.
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, he led the old army to fight alone, and he has been running north and south for the restoration of the Qing Dynasty with an iron heart, and is known as the last loyal minister of the Qing Dynasty.
On September 20, 1931, Shengyun died of illness in the Tianjin Concession at the age of 73.
8. Governor of Sichuan: Zhao Erfeng (1845, 1911): a native of the Blue Banner of the Han Army, a native of Tieling City, Liaoning, and his ancestral home is Penglai, Shandong. The younger brother of Zhao Erxun (xùn), he is known as the "butcher".
After repeated attempts, he paid donations to officials. When the Eight-Nation Coalition Army entered Beijing, it made meritorious contributions to blocking the coalition forces on the Shanxi border. Entering Tibet repeatedly defeated the rebels, prevented the British from advancing northward, and implemented land reform and return to the Tibetan area on the Sichuan border, laying a solid foundation for the establishment of Xikang Province in 1928. In the late Qing Dynasty, he made the first contribution to the stability of the first and Zuo Zongtang's recovery of Xinjiang, which can be compared.
During his tenure as governor of Sichuan, he suppressed the Baolu Movement and created the "Chengdu Bloody Case", which was a major failure for Zhao Erfeng.
On December 22, 1911, Zhao Erfeng, who was in the imperial city of "Mingyuan Tower", was executed on the spot after a public trial.
9. Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou: Li Jingxi (1857 - September 18, 1925): a native of Hefei, Anhui Province, and the nephew of Li Hongzhang. Later generations called him the "short-lived prime minister".
In 1879 (the fifth year of Guangxu), he was donated as a Taoist, and with the help of Li Hongzhang's political forces, his promotion was also rapid. When it was only three years before the fall of the Qing Dynasty, he was promoted to the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, opened the Yunnan Lecture Hall, and was very good at interpersonal relations. During the Xinhai Revolution, he was sent out of Hong Kong to Shanghai by Cai Yili. In his later years, he worked as a duke in Shanghai.
On September 18, 1925, Li Jingxi died of illness in Shanghai at the age of 65.