Denying the collective historical achievements and making up lies is just a futile effort
Preface: Major Practices and Explorations in the History of Agronomy in China.
The call of "Dazhai of agriculture and Daqing of industry" is another leap forward in the development of China's rural economy. In the middle of the 20th century, "Dazhai" was a major strategic arrangement that conformed to the requirements of the development of the times, and it played a positive role in promoting and promoting people's survival needs. However, to this day, there are still some people who deny the collective ownership system represented by "Dazhai," thus denying the historic achievements we have made in the rural areas. The central argument is: "Large collectives raise lazy people," "Guaranteeing production to households is conducive to improving the peasants' living standards, and the reason for the increase in grain production is contract management." In this regard, the author has reasonably analyzed it from different perspectives, in order to maintain the truth of history and show the great achievements we have made in rural construction.
Large groups do not breed lazy people.
In this case, the big group is not "idlers" as some people say. In fact, the "division of labor" system introduced in the era of the Grand Commune was an effective way to link labor with income, forcing members to work hard for themselves and their families. Through mutual supervision and a fair competition system, each member is encouraged to do his or her best. At the same time, various kinds of labor competitions have been launched, which has better mobilized the enthusiasm of the masses for work and promoted the development of the rural economy. The outstanding characteristics of the Dazhai model of "doing great things with the power of one person" have effectively promoted the efficiency and orderliness of the whole process, created a large number of jobs for the majority of rural households, and stimulated their enthusiasm for labor.
However, there are also many problems and dilemmas in the era of large groups. For example, cooperatives are large in size and are too fragmented in their management, which creates a number of problems, such as a lack of effective information exchange and implementation. However, this does not mean that the large collective land is a system of "supporting idlers," but that the management system in the rural areas is not sound enough and needs to be improved.
The contract responsibility system of joint production and rural economic development.
Some people believe that the implementation of the contract responsibility system for joint production has a great deal to do with improving the quality of life of rural residents and highlights the superiority of self-employment. However, it would be biased to blame the improvement in the quality of life of rural dwellers solely on changes in agricultural production practices.
First of all, in the stage of co-management of a family, although the people's standard of living is relatively low, under the collective management of the village, their survival needs are solved, because they have a fixed job opportunity and a good social security system. However, after the implementation of the "contract responsibility system for joint production," while the individual income of peasant households has increased, there has also been greater risk and uncertainty due to the lack of guarantee and support from the collective economy. Therefore, simply combining the "contract responsibility system for joint production" with the improvement of the living standards of rural residents cannot be regarded as a whole.
Second, the implementation of the contract responsibility system for joint production is only a reform of the mode of production, and cannot essentially solve the current problems of rural economic development. In order to develop the countryside, in addition to agriculture, it is also necessary to have comprehensive development in infrastructure, education, and health. Improving people's quality of life requires the development of society as a whole, not just a change in the way business is done.
Therefore, in order to improve the quality of life of rural households, it is necessary to consider economic development, social security, infrastructure and other aspects, rather than simply blaming this problem on a change in management mode.
The increase in cereal production is not due solely to contracted land management.
The implementation of the contract responsibility system for joint production has indeed promoted to a great extent the increase in the country's grain production. However, the increase in grain production cannot be attributed entirely to the contract responsibility system.
First of all, the implementation of the contract responsibility system for joint production is only a change in the mode of production, and cannot fundamentally solve the various problems existing in the rural areas. Crop yield increase should be considered from the aspects of crop cultivation technology, water conservancy project construction, pesticide and fertilizer and cultivated land protection. In particular, the improvement and coordination of water, fertilizer, fields, machinery, and other aspects are particularly important for improving the economic efficiency of agriculture. Only by making breakthroughs and improvements in the above fields can China's food production achieve sustainable development.
Secondly, in the history of agriculture in China, the use of hybrid rice is an important work. The scientific research team led by Professor Yuan Longping took the lead in the research and development of hybrid rice cultivation technology, which has made substantial progress in increasing grain yield per unit area. The popularization and use of this technology throughout the country has greatly improved the level of agricultural production, and there is no necessary connection with the "contract responsibility system for joint production".
In short, the impact on the development of China's agricultural production cannot be simply reduced to the "contract responsibility system for joint production," but should be analyzed from various aspects.
A rational analysis of historical merits.
The interpretation and evaluation of history often needs to be carried out from multiple perspectives and dimensions. To deny all previous attempts is to underestimate the causes and causes of this complex historical process.
Throughout the course of China's rural economic development, whether it is a "large collective" or a "contract responsibility system for joint production", they all have their specific background and material basis. This choice has both profound historical reasons and specific socio-economic problems.
"Large group" is to meet the needs of the times of "fighting big with small", and it is also a solid foundation for China's agricultural development. Later, the contract responsibility system of joint production paid more attention to the role of various factors such as individual economy and market mechanism, and gave peasant households greater autonomy and room for development. Each model has its own strengths and weaknesses, and it is not easy to conclude a complete negative or affirmative.
Conclusion: Improving agricultural efficiency and sustainable development.
It is necessary to broaden our vision, draw on past experiences and lessons, integrate modern science and technology with the market economy, and carry out creative explorations.
In the process of agricultural development, attention should be paid to taking into account the protection of agricultural resources, the improvement of production efficiency, and the enhancement of peasant households' income, advocating the idea of sustainable development, promoting ecological and environmentally friendly agriculture, and minimizing soil erosion and pollution.
At the same time, it is necessary to attach importance to the development of modern agricultural science and technology, vigorously promote scientific planting, scientific management, and scientific fertilization, improve the yield and quality of agricultural products, ensure food safety, and provide the people with healthier and safer agricultural products.
The most important thing is to fully respect and protect the interests of hundreds of millions of peasants, let them be the main force in agricultural development, ensure that they can get the due remuneration for their efforts, and make their lives more dignified and happier.
Brief summary. By sorting out the development process of China's agriculture and rationally analyzing various theories, we can find that when judging a country's historical achievements, we cannot judge a country's historical achievements by just one criterion or one economic form. The history of mankind is very complex, and the economic development path of each country has a different era environment and specific social environment. The key lies in the fact that when evaluating and applying historical experience, it is necessary to analyze it comprehensively from multiple angles and at multiple levels, and we cannot only correctly understand and evaluate the historical process based on our own opinions.
In the process of future development, it is necessary not only to have an open mind, but also to draw lessons from past experiences and lessons, and at the same time to integrate modern science and technology with the market economy, and constantly carry out innovative research. Only in this way can we continue to move forward in agricultural modernization and make agriculture more efficient and sustainable.