The great river goes east, the waves are exhausted, and the romantic characters ...... through the agesAs Su Dongpo said, how can he not be such a figure through the ages!More than 900 years later, it is still affectionately called "our Su Dongpo". I think such evaluations go far beyond greatness and immortality.
In the middle of the 11th century, after decades of recuperation after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Northern Song Dynasty experienced general socio-economic and cultural development, although internal and external troubles never stopped. A generation of cultural giants, Su Shi, appeared in this period.
Su Shi (1037-1101), also known as Zizhan, also known as Hezhong, was a native of Meishan (now Sichuan). At the age of 21, he was promoted to the rank and was rewarded by the chief examiner Ouyang Xiu. Later, he should be bluntly admonished and asked, entered the third class, and became famous in the capital. He successively served in Fengxiang (now Shaanxi), Hangzhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou (now Zhejiang), Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong), Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui), Yangzhou, Dingzhou (now Hebei) and other places, and several Beijing officials. Due to party disputes, he was successively demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei), Huizhou, Danzhou (now Hainan), and died in Changzhou. The following is a degrading map of Su Shi's life drawn according to this, and how much suffering our Su Dongpo has endured in his open-minded life!
Su Dongpo has experienced ups and downs in his life, and he has worked hard to prepare, and he has self-deprecating clouds in "Self-titled Portrait of Jinshan": "The heart is like a gray wood, and the body is like a boat that is not tied." Ask Ru Ping's life achievements, Huangzhou, Huizhou, Danzhou. However, no matter where the origin is poor, there are always four constants: the ambition of assisting the monarch to govern the country and applying it to the world remains unchanged, the idea of compassion for living beings and benefiting the people remains unchanged, the character of openness and independence remains unchanged, and the optimistic and open-minded and humorous character remains unchanged. It is these four "constants" that make his personality shine brightly.
Wang Guowei's "Literary Essays" Liuyun: "Poets below three generations, there are no Zhuangzi, Yuanming, Zimei, and Zizhan. These four sons, if they do not have literary geniuses, their personalities are also self-sufficient through the ages. Therefore, there is no noble and great personality, and those who have noble and great articles are not in the future. It is enough to express the admiration of later generations of scholars for Dongpo's personality.
Su Dongpo has been the favorite literati of the Chinese since his lifetime, and in addition to the factor of personality, it is also inseparable from his great achievements in the history of Chinese culture. He is an unborn literary generalist, who is erudite and versatile in many fields of literature and art, and can be called a giant.
He is the first-rate master in the history of Chinese poetry, and his poems have more than 2,700 poems, with a variety of styles, and the basic characteristics of indulgence and penetration, twists and turns, that is, the Qing Dynasty Zhao Yi praised: "Born with a strong pen, cool as a mourning pear, fast as a cut, there is a hidden that must be reached, and there is no difficulty in showing the feelings." He is also the first-rate master in the history of Chinese prose, and is known as the Han, Liu, and Ou families, and ranks among the eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties. There are more than 4,200 essays in his prose, and in the words of his "Self-Commentary": "My essays are like a fountain of ten thousand flowers, which can be produced in any place, and gurgling on the flat ground, although there is no difficulty in a thousand miles a day." and its twists and turns with the mountains and rocks, with the shape of things, and unknowable. He who knows always does what he should do, and always stops at what he must not stop. "This kind of sublime realm of doing what you want from the heart and not exceeding the rules cannot be reached by the holy hand of the article.
Su Dongpo is also an outstanding master in the history of Chinese painting and calligraphy, and his achievements in poetry and painting are not under poetry. His painting has the original work "Dead Wood and Strange Stones" left in the world, with pen and ink to write interesting, rich taste, is a typical representative of literati painting. Literati painting did not begin with Dongpo, but his paintings were formal literati paintings. Because from his beginnings, he deliberately advocated the subjective lyricism of painting, and the imitation of objective objects and images retreated to a secondary position. He clearly put forward the concept of "poetry and painting", which greatly promoted the combination of poetry, calligraphy and painting. It was only after him that literati painting flourished. His calligraphy is like cotton wrapped in iron, warm and strong, known as "Su Ti", and his name is also listed at the top of the "Four Song Families". His works have been handed down a lot, represented by the line of Kai "Former Chibi Fu" and the book "Huangzhou Cold Food Post", etc., in addition to the sparse and simple distance of the Jin people, he focuses on expressing personal interests and has a strong bookish atmosphere. People often say that Song Shu Shangyi, Su Shu is the representative of Shangyi's Song calligraphy.
There are 350 poems in Dongpo, which are far inferior to his poems, but they are highly prolific among lyricists. Especially in terms of the development history of various genres, Su Ci has a stronger breakthrough and more obvious innovation than Su poetry and Su Wen, and is a precious artistic heritage in the ancient Ci Yuan.
Su Dongpo is a master of culture, can not be limited to "word people", but also can not be limited to "bold words", his words and chapters are very casual, very casual, sometimes witty aphorisms, profound feelings, passed down through the ages, deeply integrated into the Chinese cultural genes.