What are the early symptoms and manifestations of myeloma?
Multiple myeloma, also known as plasma cell myeloma, is a malignant disease caused by malignant transformation of plasma cells with synthetic and secreted immunoglobulins, and a large number of clones of malignant plasma cell proliferation, which is a common plasma cell disease. Tumors often invade bone and periosteum, resulting in lytic lesions.
The incidence of multiple myeloma varies from 2 to 4 per 100,000 per year in Europe and the United States. It is also not uncommon in China, and it is on the rise. The age of onset is more than 40 years old, and the number of patients aged 50-70 accounts for 75% of the total number of cases, and the ratio of male to female patients is 3:1** It is not clear but has been found to be related to genetics, ionizing radiation, infection, inflammation, certain chemical irritation, and chronic progenitive stimulation.
Multiple myeloma has a slow onset and can be asymptomatic for several months to more than ten years, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed in the early stage. There are many clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma, including anemia, bone pain, renal insufficiency, infection, bleeding, neurological symptoms, hypercalcemia, amyloidosis, etc. Common complications include pneumonia, urinary tract infection, sepsis, renal failure, pathological fractures, etc.
Bone pain is a common symptom that worsens as the disease progresses. The pain is mostly in the sacrum, followed by the thoracic cage and extremities. Spontaneous fractures are likely to occur in patients with severe pain after activity or sprains, and most often occur in the ribs, clavicles, lower thoracic spine, and upper lumbar spine. Multiple rib or spine fractures can cause deformities of the thoracic or spine. Bead-like nodules at the junction of the thoracic, rib, and clavicle caused by myeloma cell infiltration are one of the features of the disease, and infiltration of the bone marrow can cause myelopathic anemia. Damage to a single bone is called solitary myeloma.
Bone masses and pathological fractures: local masses are more common in flat bones such as sternum, ribs, skull, and clavicle. Pathological fractures are more common in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae, ribs, clavicle and other parts.
Anemia is common and the first symptom is mild in the early stage and severe in the later stage. Thrombocytopenia, bleeding symptoms are more common, **mucosal bleeding is more common, and visceral and intracranial hemorrhage can be seen in severe cases.
The occurrence of myeloma is related to the environment, diet and other factors, so it is of great significance to prevent the occurrence of this disease, enhance the patient's physique, actively suffer from chronic diseases, and avoid contact with radiation and chemical poisons.
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