Sorghum is one of the important food crops in China, with high nutritional value and economic benefits. With the increasing demand for sorghum, how to improve the level of sorghum planting technology and management has become the focus of farmers and agricultural science and technology workers. This article will introduce sorghum planting technology and management in detail, and provide reference and help for farmers and agricultural science and technology workers.
1. Sorghum planting technology.
1.Selection. Seed selection is an important part of sorghum planting, and choosing sorghum varieties that are suitable for the local climate, soil and market demand is the key. When selecting seeds, it is necessary to choose varieties with good quality, high yield, and strong resistance to stress, and at the same time pay attention to the purity and germination rate of seeds.
2.Site preparation. Sorghum is suitable for planting in loose, fertile, well-drained soil. When preparing the land, it is necessary to plough deeply, break up soil clods, remove weeds and stubble, and make the soil soft and flat. At the same time, it is necessary to apply sufficient basal fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, to provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of sorghum.
3.Sow. Sowing is one of the important links of sorghum planting, and timely sowing is the key to ensure the normal growth of sorghum. When sowing, it is necessary to choose a suitable sowing time according to the local climatic conditions and variety characteristics. In general, when the soil temperature is stable above 10, sowing can begin. The sowing depth is generally 3-5 cm, and after sowing, it should be covered with soil to keep the soil moist.
4.Close planting. Reasonable dense planting is one of the important measures to improve sorghum yield. In dense planting, the appropriate planting density should be determined according to factors such as variety characteristics, soil fertility and climatic conditions. Generally speaking, early-maturing varieties should be dense and late-maturing varieties should be rare;Soil fertility should be dense if it is high, and dilute soil with low fertility. At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to keeping the field ventilated and light-transmitting to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.
2. Sorghum management technology.
1.Fertilize. Sorghum is a crop that requires a large amount of fertilizer, and reasonable fertilization is the key to improving the yield and quality of sorghum. When fertilizing, the amount of fertilizer and the period of fertilization should be determined according to soil fertility and sorghum growth. Generally speaking, in the early stage of sorghum growth, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied to promote plant growthIn the later stage of growth, potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer were mainly applied to promote grain fullness and increase 1000-grain weight. At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to controlling the amount of fertilizer and the method of fertilization to avoid seedling burning and waste of fertilizer.
2.Irrigate. Sorghum is a drought-tolerant crop, but it also needs the right amount of water to grow. When irrigating, the appropriate irrigation period and amount should be determined according to soil moisture and weather conditions. Generally speaking, it is necessary to water the bottom of the foot before sowing to ensure the water required for seed germination;During the growing period, it is necessary to water in time according to soil moisture and weather conditions to avoid over-irrigation leading to soil compaction and plant growth. At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to drainage and flood prevention to avoid water accumulation in the field that will lead to sorghum root rot and yield reduction.
3.Weeding. Weeding is one of the essential aspects of sorghum management. When weeding, it is necessary to detect and remove weeds as early as possible to prevent weeds from competing with sorghum for nutrients and water. At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to the selection and use of weeding methods to avoid causing harm to sorghum and polluting the environment. In general, manual weeding is the best, but it is more costly;Although the cost of chemical weeding is low, it is necessary to pay attention to the selection and use of pesticides.
4.Pest and disease control.
Pest control is one of the links that cannot be ignored in sorghum management. During the growth of sorghum, it will be attacked by various pests and diseases, such as aphids, borers, smut, etc. These pests and diseases not only affect the growth and yield of sorghum, but also reduce its quality and market competitiveness. Therefore, in the control of pests and diseases, comprehensive measures should be taken for control and control.