"This is Cantonese Vegetable Potato No. 5, which is a special variety of sweet potato for edible stems and leaves;This is a wide potato golden leaf, you can see that the leaves are colorful, and it is a special type of sweet potato variety that can be used for ornamentation......”
The annual seed industry "feast" is coming again, the 22nd Guangdong Seed Industry Conference and the "Millions of Projects" seed industry trading center was launched in Guangzhou, into the sweet potato exhibition area of the seed industry conference, high-quality sweet potato varieties from all over the country are dazzling, dizzying.
The conference field display varieties of more than 5,000, more than 1,000 participating enterprises, sweet potato is one of the categories, the conference display sweet potato resources include: high-quality types of fresh sweet potato varieties, high anthocyanin varieties, high carrot varieties, high starch varieties, vegetable type sweet potato varieties, ornamental sweet potato varieties and foreign introduced varieties, a total of 47 varieties.
Sweet potato, that is, sweet potato, looks inconspicuous, but Guangdong is one of the important advantageous areas for the cultivation and production of fresh sweet potato in China, becoming the largest fresh sweet potato planting area and distribution center in the country, and playing an important role in ensuring food security in the province and helping the "Millions Project".
Small sweet potato, stable grain.
This year's potato seedlings are growing very well, and the harvest is expected to be about 5,000 catties per mu before and after the Spring Festival. At present, the land of southern Guangdong is in the critical period of winter planting and winter management, and Chen Wen, a large sweet potato grower in Lemin Town, Suixi County, Zhanjiang City, has been busy in a green field early in the morning.
Winter planting is an important part of agricultural production throughout the year, which is related to the overall situation of agricultural production in the coming year. Guangdong has persistently grasped the production of winter seeds as an important task to steadily increase the overall production capacity of grain, increase peasants' incomes, and promote the accelerated development of the agricultural and rural economy. In recent years, the planting area of winter crops in our province has remained between 11 million and 12 million mu, of which about 2.2 million mu of winter grain and more than 7.5 million mu of winter vegetables.
Food security is the greatest thing in the country. In recent years, Guangdong has adhered to the guidance of the concept of big food, actively explored the realistic path of strengthening food security, and the province's grain production has developed steadily, the market is sufficient, the operation is generally stable, and the level of food security has been significantly improved.
However, due to the limited endowment of cultivated land resources and the low efficiency of grain planting, the pressure on stable grain production in the province is greater, and the space for increasing production is very limited.
At present, Guangdong's staple food is mainly cereals, beans and potatoes. Among them, cereals mainly include rice and corn, beans mainly include soybeans, and potatoes mainly include potatoes, sweet potatoes and cassava.
In Guangdong, the sweet potato industry has a good foundation, with a planting history of more than 400 years, sweet potatoes are planted in various places, and winter crops can also be produced in western Guangdong and coastal areas, which is the largest grain crop in addition to rice. The data show that the planting area, yield and total output of sweet potato in Guangdong have increased steadily in recent years. The planting area of the province has remained between 2.2 million and 2.6 million mu in recent years, and the output is 70-850,000 tons.
In addition, due to the complex topography and uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources, rice is not the first choice for cultivation in all regions of Guangdong. For example, Zhanjiang, Leizhou Peninsula, Shanwei Hailufeng and other places have flat terrain and mostly red sandy soil, which is more suitable for the development of sweet potato, potato and other dryland crops.
Based on these factors, the development of sweet potato industry is an important way and potential for Guangdong to steadily increase grain output, and it is of great significance to ensure food security.
Guangshu 87 displayed at the conference site is a representative variety of high yield, it was bred by the Crop Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2006, generally 5-9 potatoes per plant, the average yield can reach about 5000 catties of mu, is one of the representative varieties of high-yield and high-quality sweet potato.
It is precisely because of this that recently, in order to thoroughly implement the strategy of establishing a big food concept and ensuring food security, implement the specific deployment of the "1310" of the Provincial Party Committee, and further promote the "Millions and Millions Project", focusing on the implementation of the country's new round of 100 billion catties of grain production capacity improvement action, the Guangdong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "Guangdong Sweet Potato Production Improvement Action Implementation Plan (2023-2026)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Implementation Plan") It is proposed to expand the planting area of sweet potatoes and strive to expand the planting area of sweet potatoes in the province to more than 2.9 million mu by 2026, an increase of 32 over 2022More than 40,000 mu, the province's sweet potato output will increase by 20% compared with 2022.
At the same time, the "Implementation Plan" proposes to carry out research on the breeding and planting technology of cold-tolerant and salt-alkali tolerant sweet potato, explore the gradual northward shift of the planting boundary of winter sweet potato, and expand the area of winter sweet potato. Further improve land utilization, research and promotion of sweet potato and different crops intercropping, crop rotation technology mode.
Specifically, it is necessary to focus on expanding the cultivation of sweet potatoes in Yangjiang, Zhanjiang, and Maoming in western Guangdong, Shantou, Shanwei, Jieyang, Chaozhou, Heyuan, and Zhaoqing in eastern Guangdong. Make full use of winter fallow fields for water-drought rotation, and expand the planting area of sweet potatoes by using seasonal water-scarce fields, dry (sloping) land, and recultivated abandoned land.
Sell sweet potatoes and make money.
For grain crops, improved varieties that take into account both yield and efficiency will increase farmers' enthusiasm for planting. The relevant person in charge of the Crop Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences told reporters that in addition to contributing to food security, sweet potatoes are more critical to let growers see economic benefits.
The implementation plan proposes to strengthen market expansion and brand building, build a "benchmark" for the national fresh sweet potato trading market in the main sweet potato producing areas, and build a circulation pattern in which Guangdong sweet potatoes are sold all over the country and the world, so as to ensure that sweet potatoes are planted and sold well, and production and income are increased.
In Guangdong, the economic benefits of sweet potatoes are gradually emerging.
Yuntan Town is located in the eastern border of Gaozhou City, Maoming, surrounded by mountains and beautiful natural environment, providing favorable land and climatic conditions for agricultural development.
According to the relevant person in charge of Yuntan Town, at present, the planting scale of sweet potatoes in Yuntan is 150,000 mu, more than 2,600 farmers in the town, driving farmers to increase their income by 7,500 yuan per household every year.
In recent years, Suixi County has given full play to the advantages of volcanic geology, vigorously promoted sweet potato planting, gradually improved the sweet potato industry chain, cultivated and expanded rural industries, and helped rural revitalization, and achieved good results. At present, the county's sweet potato planting area is about 500,000 mu, with an annual output of more than 1.2 million tons and a direct output value of more than 4 billion yuan, driving the output value of the whole industrial chain of seed industry, planting, processing, transportation, labor services and so on to about 10 billion yuan.
Winter planting is the highest economic benefit of planting production throughout the year, the province promotes a larger area of "rice and vegetables" and "rice and potato" rotation mode in the mu output value can exceed 10,000 yuan, of which the output value of vegetables and potatoes in one season of winter planting accounts for about 70% of the annual output value, and even exceeds the output value of two seasons of rice.
Relevant data show that the sweet potato varieties currently planted in our province are mainly high-quality varieties, the purchase price of the field is 2-6 yuan per kilogram, the average price is 3-4 yuan, and the market sales price of some high-quality characteristic varieties of fresh potatoes reaches 10 yuan per kilogram, and the sales price of e-commerce reaches 14 yuan per kilogram, and the planting efficiency is better.
The seed industry is prosperous and the industry is prosperous.
How to promote the high-quality development of the sweet potato industry with good economic and social benefits?The seed industry is crucial.
The cultivation of new varieties is the key to promoting the high-quality development of the sweet potato industry. After years of cultivation, Guangdong has successively launched a variety of high-quality and high-yielding varieties. Guangshu 87 cultivated by the Crop Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Pushu 32 cultivated by Puning Agricultural Science Institute have successively become fresh food varieties with a large planting area of sweet potato in China, leading the development of the national fresh sweet potato industry.
As the "main force" of sweet potato breeding in the province, the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has successively selected and bred more than 50 new varieties of sweet potato in the wide potato series, which have been popularized and planted in the province and even in many surrounding provinces (regions), and the sweet potato promotion area accounts for more than 60% of Guangdong Province. At the same time, we should further intensify scientific research and focus on breeding new varieties with more specialized functions. On the basis of Guangshu 87, the team has successively cultivated high-quality varieties suitable for fresh food, such as Guangshu 133 and Guangshu 248, and purple high-quality varieties such as Guangshu 8 and Guangzi Potato 10.
With the further diversification of market demand, the vegetable variety Guangcai Potato No. 5 and the special varieties such as Guangshu Golden Leaf for ornamental use provide a seed industry foundation for the diversified development of Guangdong's sweet potato industry.
Seedlings are the foundation of the industry, and the use of healthy seedlings can ensure the healthy and benign development of the industry from the source. Sweet potato is a vegetatively propagated crop, and the long-term use of varieties will degrade in the process of continuous propagation, especially the accumulation of viruses, resulting in a decline in its vigor, yield and quality, and even a failure of harvest.
Detoxification seedlings are the best way to solve the problems of sweet potato production capacity degradation and virus infection. "The use of healthy seedlings and efficient and harmless organic fertilizers can improve the growth of plants, reduce the use of pesticides and wastes, and promote the ecological and green development of the sweet potato industry. Huang Zhenrui, deputy director of the Crop Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said.
Taking Yuntan Town as an example, the town focuses on the construction of a detoxified sweet potato seedling breeding base, carries out excellent seedling tests, deepens the large-scale planting technology of sweet potato, and accelerates the transformation of technology, and has now cultivated and invested nearly 120,000 new varieties of detoxified sweet potato seedlings, effectively solving the problem of large-scale rotation of sweet potato.
The implementation plan also puts "healthy seed potato seedling breeding promotion and variety breeding" in the top priority, and proposes to build a detoxified seed and seedling breeding system dominated by regional sweet potato healthy seed and seedling breeding centers and based on N healthy seed and seedling breeding bases in the main producing areas, and supports the expansion of the main producing areas and the construction of a new batch of detoxified seed and seedling breeding bases.
This is called sweet potato combined self-propelled harvester, which can complete the excavation, transportation, separation, cleaning of fresh sweet potatoes at one time, loading and sending baskets, collecting potatoes (baskets or bags), etc., and the mechanical equipment can carry out the loading operation of potatoes synchronously, 1-1 per hour5 acres. ”
This kind of machine is very efficient, called a ridge and two rows of sweet potato transplanting machine, the machine can complete rotary tillage, ridge formation, fertilization, transplanting, watering and other functional operations at one time, and can also work on the film. The operating efficiency per hour is 5,000 to 7,000 seedlings, which is about 1 acre of land. ”…
The reporter learned from the scene that in order to promote the mechanized development of sweet potato production in our province, the seed industry conference will exhibit all aspects of the whole production process covering ridges, transplanting and planting, plant protection to seedling killing, harvesting, etc., especially in the sweet potato harvesting link, in addition to the excavator that is currently widely used, the first self-propelled sweet potato combine harvester suitable for hilly clay areas will be unveiled at the conference.
With the in-depth promotion of the "Millions of Projects" and the in-depth implementation of the revitalization of the seed industry, Guangdong's sweet potato industry will usher in new major development opportunities.
Southern + reporter Huang Jin Shao Yihong.
Author] Huang Jin;Shao Yihong.
*] Southern Press Media Group Nanfang + client.