In the late Qing Dynasty, the international powers competed for soft persimmons, and they endured it to obtain reparations and land by force, but what they never expected was that such a country relied on the dead skin and used the excuse of "cooperation" to directly cut off 1.51 million square kilometers of land.
This country is Tsarist Russia, so how did he get so much benefit through "cooperation"?Why did Qing ** not resist in the face of the ugly face that he kept asking?
As a recognized fighting nation, Tsarist Russia has always believed that "violence can solve everything". From a small country in Eastern Europe, it was not until the defeat of the Crimean War in 1856 that it finally changed its tactics and focused on the "lip service".
On May 8, 1858, a general guarding the city of Aihui had no choice but to sign a treaty with Tsarist Russia, the Treaty of Aihui, which caused the Qing to lose more than 600,000 square kilometers of land north of Heilongjiang and south of the Outer Xing'an Mountains.
Not only that, but they were also forced to make the territory east of the Ussuri River a Sino-Russian condominium. Having said that, "Sima Zhao's heart is known to everyone". It is said that this treaty was signed without the consent of Qing **, so this treaty was later vetoed by Qing **. However, with the ability of the Qing Dynasty at that time, the veto was invalid, and later this series of unavoidable "deals" was finally determined in the Sino-Russian Treaty of Beijing.
The general who signed the treaty privately was called Yishan, and after the incident, he was dismissed from his post and imprisoned. In fact, all this was a choice he had to make.
At that time, in order to achieve his own goals, the governor of Eastern Siberia in Tsarist Russia, Muravyov, first carried out a "cooperation" fraud. At that time, the situation in the Qing Dynasty was tense, and the strong ships and guns of the British and French forces had poured into Tianjin, while Muravyov slowly sailed into the Heilongjiang River with two gunboats.
Seeing this scene, General Yishan was a little flustered, but what he didn't expect was that Muravyov actually came to "help" Qing**. It's a pity that Yishan's joy didn't last long, and was diluted by the conditions he proposed. Muravyov went so far as to say that he wanted to "help protect" part of the land by redrawing the borders.
As soon as these words came out, Yishan immediately knew what he was thinking, and of course he sternly refused, so he also took out the "Nebuchu Treaty" signed by the two sides to show respect. The negotiations lasted for a long time, and in the end, Muravyov ran out of patience and directly took out the land cession plan he had prepared earlier, and demanded that Yishan must give an answer the next day.
Of course, Yishan did not agree, and now Muravyov was completely angry, and he directly pulled in the cannon and bombed the city of Aihui guarded by Yishan all night. Yishan had no choice but to lose the car to protect the handsome.
This treaty has not been understood until today, and on May 8 this year, ** actually celebrated the anniversary of the signing of this treaty in a very high-profile manner, which shocked and chilled countless Chinese.
In 1959, there was a new development in this treaty, which had not been recognized by the Qing Dynasty. In this year, the British and French forces and the Qing ** had a disagreement over the place of the exchange of contracts, and a major war was about to break out. Tsarist Russia, which swore to protect the Qing ** land, started to think carefully.
This time, they once again came to Tianjin under the pretext of "cooperation" and "mediation", where they collected a lot of military information, and then handed it over to the British and French forces. Seeing that the war spread to the capital, the Qing Dynasty had no choice but to sign the "Beijing Treaty" with the British and French forces. Tsarist Russia took the opportunity to demand that the Qing Dynasty recognize the legitimacy of the "Aihui Treaty", and finally the two sides had to sign the "Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty". This contract not only allowed them to take away more than 600,000 square kilometers of land agreed in the "Aihui Treaty", but also took another 400,000 square kilometers of land.
However, the plundering did not stop.
In the "Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty", Tsarist Russia once again dug a hole for the Qing **. At that time, there was no clear demarcation line between China and the western region of Tsarist Russia, so when this treaty was signed, Tsarist Russia forcibly demanded that the Qing ** take Karen as the border line. But shamelessly, in the Russian version of the treaty, they changed this agreement to "permanent Karen".
Qing ** had nothing to do about this behavior, although they resisted to the death, but in the end, after "negotiations failed", they were attacked by Tsarist Russia in the northwest.
In June 1863, in the face of irresistible artillery fire, the Qing ** once again chose to back down and signed the "Sino-Russian Treaty on the Survey and Demarcation of the Northwest Boundary", and 440,000 square kilometers of land in the northwest were acquired by Tsarist Russia. Originally the core area of Xinjiang, Ili has since been reduced to a border area.
But will Ili be able to keep it?If you think like this, it would be too much to underestimate the greed of Tsarist Russia.
In the second year of the Sino-Russian Treaty on the Survey and Demarcation of the Northwest Boundary, Xinjiang was attacked by the warlord Aguba of the Central Asian Khanator of Kokand. Seeing this scene, Tsarist Russia was happy again, didn't this create an opportunity for him to "mediate" to plunder the land of Qing ** again?So he repeated his old tricks, saying that he would help the Qing ** hold Ili first, and return it immediately after Xinjiang was completely recovered.
In 1878, after more than a year of hard fighting, Zuo Zongtang finally recovered Xinjiang, only waiting for Ili to return to the throne.
But how could the "scoundrel" Tsarist Russia be able to return the land that it easily got in its hands so easily?After several negotiations, Zuo Zongtang had no choice but to prepare to attack directly in several ways. But at this time, Tsarist Russia relented, and Xu realized that the reason for this time was a bit far-fetched, so he slowly returned the Ili territory.
However, Tsarist Russia, which never suffered losses, had to peel off a layer of skin from us, so more than 70,000 square kilometers of land had no choice but to fall into their hands. In this way, not many soldiers and horses were consumed, and in just over 20 years, Tsarist Russia took away 1.51 million square kilometers of land in the Qing Dynasty.
The greed of Tsarist Russia was also finally "passed on" to the Soviet Union.
In 1917, the October Revolution, Lenin founded the world's first socialist state: the Soviet Union. In order to ease his pressure, Lenin said that a series of secret unequal treaties signed with China would be nullified. However, the end result was that the Soviet Union not only sent troops to attack China's Outer Mongolia in 1921, but also claimed that Outer Mongolia was an independent country.
The most outrageous thing is that in the face of the original promise of "invalidation", Stalin let the matter turn over with a light sentence of "the translation is too lame, the translation is wrong".
Behind every unequal treaty is a reluctant compromise of weak national strength, and now that China has occupied a place in the world's forests, there is no longer the so-called "inequality".