In the pre-Qin period, with the great changes in society, hundreds of schools of thought emerged one after another. In the Spring and Autumn Period, although there were marriages between the princes, the war could be stopped immediately, but with the division of the three families and the generation of the Tian family, the prestige of the Zhou royal family was damaged, and the war entered the annexation jungle of the jungle of the weak. The rise of Legalism, especially Shang Ying's reform of the law in the Qin State, was the most successful, while Shen Buxian's in Korea failed to change his fate for a long time.
In the era of the law of the jungle, Legalism emerged.
As jungle rivalry spreads, monarchs are in dire need of an effective system of governance. Legalism became one of the most popular schools of thought among monarchs because their ideas were more in line with the practical needs of jungle warfare. Unlike Confucius and Mencius, who emphasized the rule of virtue, Legalism focused on maintaining rule through laws and systems, adapting to the era of the law of the jungle.
Shang Ying's long-term method: lay a solid foundation.
The key to Shang Ying's success in the reform of the law in the Qin State lies in his emphasis on "law". He was committed to making the new law sustainable in reality, relying not only on the authority of the monarch, but also on the solid foundations laid in society. The new nobles who rose through Shang Ying's military exploits became supporters of the new law, and even if Shang Yang was torn apart, the new law was still implemented in the Qin state. After the death of Duke Xiao, the opposition of the old nobleman Gan Long also failed to shake the foundation of the new law, proving that Shang Yang had succeeded in saving the weakened Qin state.
Shen Buxian's ephemeral "technique": the change of authority first.
Relatively speaking, Shen Bu Harm belongs to the "Shu" school of the Legalists. He emphasized the supremacy of the monarch's authority, and advocated that the monarch and the minister should be clearly distinguished, and the courtiers should not exceed their authority. However, the idea of Shen Bu Harm is more focused on the authority of the monarch as an individual monarch than on a solid legal system based on society. His changes focused on the centralization of the monarch's power, but the long-term operation of such a system would face the risk of relying on the monarch's personal ability.
Shin Bu's "art" is short-lived in South Korea.
Although Shen Buxian, who implemented the reform of the law in South Korea, adopted a series of measures, including the rectification of the strong clans and the survival of the fittest in the evaluation mechanism of officials, it failed to achieve a success comparable to that of the Shang Dynasty. Shen does not harm too much emphasis on the authority of the monarch, and the courtiers must not exceed their authority, resulting in the system relying too much on the ability of the monarch to do so. South Korea eventually collapsed under the Qin army's attack, and Shin's reform failed to find a sustainable path for Korea.
Realism and long-term planning: Shang Ying's way to success.
Shang Ying and Shen Bu Xi paid attention to agricultural development when changing the law, but there were obvious differences in concepts between the two. Shang Yang emphasized the enduring law based on social reality, while Shen was more inclined to promote change by emphasizing the authority of the monarch. Shang Ying's method of change was more realistic, considering long-term planning, while Shen Buxian's "technique" showed short-sighted disadvantages in practice.
The contrast of the ending: the long-term Shang Yang and the short-term Shen Bu Harm.
Shang Ying's reform made Qin successfully stand out, but Shen Buxian's reform failed to make Korea grow stronger. Shang Ying's long-term method laid a solid foundation for the Qin state, while Shen Buxian's "technique" did not last long in Korea. Shin Bu's "technique" of overemphasizing the personal authority of the monarch seemed inadequate in the face of reality, which eventually led to the demise of Korea.
Conclusion: The historical lessons of the rise and fall of Legalism.
In the pre-Qin period, Legalism emerged in the era of jungle hegemony, but its rise and fall depended on the thoughts and practices of the reformers. Shang Ying succeeded in saving the Qin state through a long-term method, but Shen Buxian's short-lived "technique" failed to find a way for Korea to continue to develop. The lessons of history tell us that in the process of changing the law, we must not only pay attention to realism, but also consider long-term planning, so as to be invincible.
The Rise and Fall of Legalism: A Profound Analysis of Shang Ying and Shen Buxing's Way of Changing the Law.
The above article profoundly expounds the historical background of the rise and fall of Legalism in the pre-Qin period, especially highlighting the different orientations and final results of the two representatives of Legalism in the reform of the law, Shang Ying and Shen Buxian. During this period, Legalism emerged as the first choice for monarchs in various countries to explore effective ways to rule. The differences in the experiences and concepts of Shang Ying and Shen Buxian in the reform of the law have triggered profound historical lessons, which are worthy of our further development.
First of all, Shang's success is attributed to his focus on establishing a long-term law, that is, a solid foundation that rests on the foundations of society. Through the absorption and support of the new aristocracy in the reform of the law, the reform of the law not only relied on the authority of the monarch, but also was recognized and maintained by some forces in the society. This pragmatic approach allowed Shang Ying's new law to continue to be implemented in the Qin state, and even if he himself was torn apart, the new law continued to work in the Qin state. This enlightens us that the reform of the law should not only rely on individual authorities, but should lay a solid foundation on the basis of society to ensure the long-term effect of the reform.
However, Shin Buxian's "Shu" school of thought has shown its transience in the Korean reforms. He placed too much emphasis on the authority of the monarch, and his courtiers were not allowed to act beyond their authority, resulting in a system of law change relying on the ability of the monarch himself. Behind the demise of South Korea, we see that Shin Bu Harm has failed to gain long-term support in reality. Although the strengthening of the authority of the monarch has had an effect in the short term, it lacks stable support for the long-term operation of society. It also reminds us that reform requires a balance between realism and long-term planning, and that overemphasizing individual authority can lead to the ephemeral nature of the system.
In the comparison, Shang Ying's and Shen Bu's way of changing the law provoked a deep reflection on the applicability of Legalist thought in the process of change. Through an accurate grasp of social reality, Shang Yang established a system beyond the personal ability of the monarch. In contrast, Shen Bu Harm pays more attention to authority and ignores the actual operation of society. This also reflects the differences within the Legalist school, emphasizing the different emphases of "law" or "art" in the transformation of the law.
On the whole, the historical lessons of the rise and fall of Legalism in the pre-Qin period provide us with many enlightenments. In the process of reforming the law, it is necessary to pay attention to both realism and long-term planning, so as to ensure that the system is built on a solid social foundation. The contrast between Shang Ying and Shen Bu makes us deeply realize that the way to change the law needs to find a balance between concept and practice, so as to leave a lasting mark in the long river of history.
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