Shenzhen Business Daily Reading Client Reporter Zhang Yan Correspondent Peng Wenxuan Xiao Yan Geng Hui
When it comes to the "most contrasting" place name in Shenzhen, it must be "Tuyang".
Tuyang is in **?It is at the Kwai Chung office in Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, facing Dapeng Bay. There are Western-style lofts, villas, and an Italian Catholic church, and the villagers felt the wind of overseas a hundred years ago. This is one of the oldest villages in Shenzhen, with old trees, ancient wells, ancestral halls, genealogy, and a strong Hakka historical and cultural tradition.
In fact, what really made Tuyang Village famous was that during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, it was once the seat of the Provisional Committee of the Communist Party of China in Guangdong Province and the headquarters of the Dongjiang Column, and it was a famous "red village".
The year 2023 marks the 80th anniversary of the establishment of the Guangdong Provincial Provisional Committee and the Dongjiang Column. Dapeng New Area has successively held commemorative activities such as the history exhibition of the Provisional Committee of the Communist Party of China in Guangdong Province and the release of a series of research results, the "Eternal Inheritance of the Revolutionary Spirit, the East Longitudinal Journey" Tuyang Libi Mountain Hike, the "Mainstay - 80th Anniversary Symposium", and the "East Longitudinal Stamp Interactive Check-in Experience Week" to awaken the red memory of Tuyang and inspire the new generation of builders of the Special Economic Zone with the spirit of the East Vertical
From the entrance of the Eastern Coastal Expressway to Tuyang, you can come to Tuyang Village. The village is surrounded by mountains and seas, built according to the mountain, and the winding village road is flanked by two or three storeys of villagers' self-built houses, which appear to be scattered with the undulating terrain.
There is an ancient well in the village, to the west is "Lao Wai", and to the east is "Xin Wai". On both sides of the old gate are the ancestral halls of Li and Li, and the old people in the village talked to and learned that Li and Li are the two major surnames in the village, "During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, they came here to open up wasteland and farm, and the two families got along very harmoniously. ”
Tuyang, also known as Tunyang, is located on the Dapeng Peninsula, which has been a battleground for soldiers since ancient times. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court built the city of Dapeng here, and cultivated and guarded it to prepare for the Japanese invaders. Dapeng City Tuntian in the whole Dapeng Peninsula, west from Yantian, east from Xinda, Tuyang is separated from one of the three major Tun of Dapeng City, Kwai Chung Tun, the reason why it is called Tunyang, is probably related to the history of Juntun.
In fact, there are many versions of the origin of the name Toyo. According to the "Chronicles of Guangdong Province and Gazetteers" published in 1999, Tuyang Village was named because the villagers used soil to fill in the foreign village. In addition, the origin of the earth is also related to the Shayu Bay next to the village.
Walking up the mountain along the village road, you will come to the former site of the Dongjiang Column Headquarters. The building combines Western-style arches and Hakka green tiles, and is surrounded by lush ancient trees. Before it became the Eastern Wing Command, it was a Catholic church built by Italian missionaries in 1912. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, missionaries fled the fighting.
In January 1943, the Guangdong Provincial Provisional Committee of the Communist Party of China was established. The newly established leading organ of the Provincial Provisional Committee is mainly stationed in Tuyang Village, and is responsible for leading the people's anti-Japanese contingent in the Dongjiang region and even in the entire South China region to carry out armed struggle, party organization building, and the establishment of an anti-Japanese democratic regime. In December of the same year, with the approval of the Provincial Provisional Committee, the Dongjiang Column of the Guangdong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Force was established, openly accepting the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the former church became the command center of the East Column Command and the guerrilla war in South China.
The reason why the Guangdong Provincial Provisional Committee and the East Vertical Command chose Tuyang Village must be inseparable from these reasons. First of all, it is strategically located in Sha Quarry Bay at the entrance of To Yeung Village, which is the main transportation artery and strategic fulcrum connecting Hong Kong in South China. Secondly, the terrain conditions of the soil and the ocean are superior, and the rugged mountain roads are the natural cover for the guerrillas' actions.
Tuyang Village has a good foundation for the party organization and the masses, and the Tuyang branch of the Communist Party of China was established as early as 1939. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, 69 of the more than 600 villagers in Tuyang Village participated in the Eastern Vertical Revolution, and almost all of the village were fortress households.
Since ancient times, the villagers have sailed out to sea and are natural "sea guerrillas". Wang Zuoyao, who was the deputy commander of the East Column, wrote in his reminiscences: "Those fishermen who haunt the wind and waves day and night, in the vast sea, can distinguish which is a fishing boat, which is a 'fishing family' (i.e., a bandit boat), and which is a traitor or a Japanese ship. With such a mass base, we are like an extra pair of 'clairvoyants'. ”
During the Anti-Japanese War, many major events took place in Tuyang Village, which will go down in history. The "Tuyang Conference" held in August 1944 was regarded as a turning point for the anti-Japanese armed forces of the Guangdong people.
Li Yongzhong, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Tuyang Community, has been committed to excavating, protecting and inheriting the historical materials of Dongzong in Tuyang, he said: "My uncle Li Huiqun was one of the first party members in the village, and not only participated in the 'Tuyang Conference', but also left a manuscript of the 'Tuyang Conference' written by himself. According to the manuscript, the meeting unanimously adopted the "Decision on Future Work" and put forward 10 tasks, the first of which is to continue to unleash the masses in Guangdong Province, arm the masses, and extensively carry out guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines. After that, the Dongjiang Column became the main force of the Anti-Japanese War in South China, and they moved to the Dongjiang River and penetrated deep behind the enemy lines in Hong Kong and Kowloon, becoming a strong anti-Japanese armed force well-known at home and abroad.
Follow Lee Yong-chung from the former headquarters site to Quarry Bay Beach, where many historical events intersect. In 1942, during the flames of the Anti-Japanese War, a group of cultural celebrities who escaped from Hong Kong passed through here. Cultural figures such as Zou Taofen, Ho Heung Ning and Liu Yazi pretended to be "refugees", left the Causeway Bay typhoon shelter port and went ashore at Shayu Bay under the leadership of traffic officers. This famous rescue in history preserved China's "cultural context".
An inconspicuous "Bandung Firm" on the corner of Shayu Bay Street was the secret traffic station of the Guangdong Provincial Provisional Committee. Li Yongzhong introduced: "My uncle Li Huiqun is the main person in charge of the traffic station, which is ostensibly a shop, and the more important task is to receive and transfer the comrades of the underground party organizations and troops in the past. Li Yongzhong still treasures the letters exchanged between Li Huiqun and Yin Linping, secretary of the Provincial Provisional Party Committee, which are precious revolutionary cultural relics that bear witness to this eventful time.
The most famous historical event in Shayu Bay is the northward retreat of the Dongjiang Column. On June 30, 1946, with a whistle, three U.S. landing ships loaded with 2,583 evacuees left the land where they had fought bloodily. A memorial pavilion was later built at the place where the ship was boarded, and a large memorial stone monument leading to the shore of a nine-curved bridge was engraved with the inscription of Commander Zeng Sheng: "In order to uphold domestic peace, from now on board the ship and withdraw north to Shandong." A memorial wall has been erected in the park, and the names of the commanders and fighters of the Northern Retreat are shining on the wall.
During the War of Resistance against Japan and the War of Liberation, 9 martyrs died in Tuyang Village. Behind the old site of the headquarters, a monument and a memorial pavilion for the martyrs of the Tuyang Revolution were built, and the inscription recorded the names and deeds of each martyr in detail: Li Jiu died in 1941 in a fierce battle with the reactionaries of the Civic Party in Fei'e Ling, Dongguan, at the age of 18;Li Mansheng died in 1943 at the age of 22 while participating in the battle in HainanLi Naisheng was engaged in underground party work, was severely tortured and did not reveal the slightest information about the guerrillas, and was only 24 years old ......when he was killed
Although his body is dead, he still smells the fragrance of chivalrous bones, I don't know who it is under the monument, in order to remember these young lives, there are clusters of bright yellow flowers.
The old site has witnessed historical facts, and has also left many stories to sing and cry about. In 2019, the former site of the Dongjiang Column Headquarters was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In 2012, it was listed as the first batch of party history education bases in Shenzhen. Nowadays, it is attracting many tourists to visit and check in.
The Dapeng New Area Management Committee has initiated the daily maintenance of the old site and the improvement of the surrounding site environment, which not only makes the old buildings look new and the functions of the exhibition more perfect, but also carries out a series of education and development services around the exhibition, organizes and plans various activities, and continues to promote the red culture to come alive.
In 2022, the protection and utilization of cultural relics at the former site of the East Column Headquarters was shortlisted for the "Top Ten Cases of Protection and Utilization of Cultural Relics of the Third National Revolution". In the same year, Tuyang Community was identified as a pilot project for the construction of red villages by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, and a earth-shaking change is being staged in Tuyang.
Xu Yangmin, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Tuyang Community, introduced the plan, and the Tuyanghong Village project is planned and constructed in three phases, the first phase is based on the former site of the Dongjiang Column Headquarters, and the second and third phases are combined with the long-term development and urban renewal of the area.
The Shayu Bay Greenway has been built, and the environment is more beautiful. We are also considering the introduction of photovoltaic power generation to brighten the entire village and create a community with stories, memories and temperature. Xu Yangmin stroked a mottled earthen wall, "Soon, this place will be completely new." He said that he was happy to accept such a change, hoping to pass on the red culture to the people's homes, so that more people could understand the party's revolutionary history and traditions, and carry forward the red spirit.