The means of advanced geological prevention of tunnel engineering mainly include the following:
1.Advanced geological drilling.
Advanced geological drilling is one of the most commonly used methods of advanced geological prevention. By drilling at a distance behind the tunnel face, detailed information about the geological conditions in front of the tunnel, such as stratigraphy, lithology, water content, etc., can be detected. Advanced geological drilling can determine the safety of tunnel construction and provide a basis for subsequent construction plans. When conducting advanced geological drilling, the following points need to be noted:
1) Reasonable selection of drilling methods and equipment, according to the characteristics of the tunnel project and the actual situation to choose the right drilling rig and drill bit;
2) Determine the appropriate drilling depth and spacing to ensure that the geological conditions ahead can be fully understood;
3) Strengthen the analysis and processing of borehole data, and find and solve potential geological problems in a timely manner.
2.* Wave exploration.
Wave exploration is a method of detecting geological conditions using waves. By placing a wave receiver on the face of the tunnel or around the perimeter of the tunnel, it is possible to detect the propagation of the wave and thus understand the details of the geological conditions in front of the tunnel. Wave exploration has the advantages of fast detection speed, high resolution, and low interference to construction, but it also has certain limitations, such as high sensitivity to groundwater. When conducting **wave exploration, the following points need to be noted:
1) Reasonable selection of first-wave exploration equipment and parameters to ensure that accurate detection data can be obtained
2) Strengthen the analysis and processing of detection data, and discover and solve potential geological problems in a timely manner
3) Pay attention to the scope and limitations of wave exploration, and choose the appropriate exploration method according to the actual situation.
3.Electromagnetic wave surveys.
Electromagnetic wave exploration is a method of using electromagnetic waves to detect geological conditions. By placing electromagnetic wave receivers on the face of the tunnel or around the perimeter of the tunnel, it is possible to detect the propagation of electromagnetic waves and thus obtain detailed information about the geological conditions in front of the tunnel. Electromagnetic wave exploration has the advantages of fast detection speed, high resolution and small interference to construction, but it also has certain limitations, such as large interference to metal objects. When conducting electromagnetic wave exploration, the following points need to be noted:
1) Reasonable selection of electromagnetic wave exploration equipment and parameters to ensure that accurate detection data can be obtained;
2) Strengthen the analysis and processing of detection data, and discover and solve potential geological problems in a timely manner
3) Pay attention to the scope and limitations of electromagnetic wave exploration, and choose the appropriate exploration method according to the actual situation.
4.TSP Advance Geological Forecasting.
TSP (Tunnel Seismic Prospecting) is a method of advanced geological prediction using ** waves. By placing a wave receiver on or around the tunnel wall, it is possible to detect the propagation of the wave and thus understand the details of the geological conditions in front of the tunnel. TSP advanced geological prediction has the advantages of fast forecasting speed, high resolution and low interference to construction, but it also has certain limitations, such as the limitation of topographic conditions. When making TSP advance geological prediction, the following points need to be noted:
1) Reasonable selection of TSP equipment and parameters to ensure that accurate forecast data can be obtained;
2) Strengthen the analysis and processing of forecast data, and discover and solve potential geological problems in a timely manner
3) Pay attention to the scope and limitations of TSP advanced geological prediction, and choose the appropriate forecasting method according to the actual situation.
To sum up, the means of advanced geological prevention of tunnel engineering mainly include advanced geological drilling, first-wave exploration, electromagnetic wave exploration and TSP advanced geological forecasting. Different methods have different advantages, disadvantages and scope of application, and it is necessary to choose appropriate prevention methods according to the actual situation. At the same time, in order to ensure the safety and stability of tunnel construction, it is also necessary to strengthen geological monitoring and risk management during the construction process.
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