In the process of learning calligraphy, the eight methods of Yongzi are the foundation of the foundation. Needless to say, the importance of calligraphy was built here.
The history and origin of the Yongzi Eight Laws:
Since the Three Kingdoms Zhong Xuan founded the law of Xiaokai, to the Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi created a new generation of calligraphy, since then, all kinds of calligraphy in the penmanship, techniques, continue to standardize, improve. Zhong Xuan's regular script is only in the initial period, to the Sui Dynasty, Zhiyong after years of hard work, finally created the well-known "Yongzi Eight Laws", which has become a code for later generations to learn regular script. "Yongzi Eight Methods" is a gesture summary of the eight basic strokes of Chinese characters. For each stroke, Zhiyong is crowned with a very vivid verb, which is easier for readers to understand and accept than the image description in Mrs. Wei's "Pen Array". In fact, Mrs. Wei's "Pen Array" can be said to be the earliest source of the eight methods of Yongzi, who should be the monk Zhiyong just concentrated on Mrs. Wei's eight brushstrokes into the word "Yong".
The meaning of "Yongzi Eight Methods" is that the eight strokes of "Yong" condense the basic characteristics of regular script. Yongzi Eight Methods explain the method of block gestures, representing the general body of strokes in Chinese calligraphy, Tang Zhang Huaijun explained in the "Yutang Forbidden Scripture": "The Eight Methods began at the beginning of the Lizi, and the Later Han Dynasty Cui Zi Yuli Zhong Wang below, and the eight bodies used in teaching should be in 10,000 characters." "Dafan brushwork, dot painting eight bodies, prepared in the word 'Yong'". Therefore, to learn calligraphy for beginners, you must start with the eight methods and master the basic usage of strokes.
The eight strokes of the word "Yong" are the point for the side, the horizontal for the Le, the vertical for the crossbow, the hook for the hook, the mention for the strategy, the long skimming for the sweep, the short skimming for pecking, and the pinching for the 磔.
Yongzi Eight Methods" is explained in detail.
1.The point is on the side (as in the flipping side of a bird).
The side is the meaning of the inclination, and the point should be tilted, such as the boulder standing sideways, dangerous and majestic;If the point is lying flat or upright, the dementia loses its position. That is, if the point is written obliquely, it will have momentum, and if it is written horizontally or vertically, it will lose its momentum and look dull. Yongzi dot ends with Lu Feng, in order to correspond to the horizontal painting below.
2.Horizontal for the reins (such as the reins of the horse).
Take the upward slope horizontally, like riding a horse and pulling the reins, and like a thousand miles of clouds, the power is inward and straight through the vertical (crossbow). If the pen is dragged horizontally or downward, it will be tired and weak. That is, the horizontal should be inclined upwards to write power, and the horizontal flat or downward slope will appear to have no strength. Reverse the front of the pen, slow to rush back, to maintain the "reverse in and out, there must be receiving" trend, should not slide along the front, so as not to stagnate lightly. That is to say, the brushwork should be decisive and powerful, and the tighter and tighter it is, as if the reins of a horse were forcefully strangled.
3.Vertical for the crossbow (through "Nu", such as a crossbow archery).
Nu is powerful meaning, vertical painting to take the inside straight outside the curve of the momentum, such as the bow and crossbow upright, although the shape of the curve and the quality of the infinite power. Therefore, the vertical painting should not be too straight, and it must be in line with the overall situation of the font, and it must be seen straight in the song, so as to have the tendency to advance. It is as straight as a dead tree, though it is upright but weak.
4.The hook is 趯 (through jumping, like jumping).
When making a hook, first squat to build momentum, and then quickly lift the pen, and then twist the front ring, take advantage of the trend, and gather the tip. It's like if you want to jump, you need to crouch down to accumulate strength, and then jump up suddenly. The edge is not flat, in order to echo the strategy (pick) to draw the brush.
5.Mention as a strategy (such as a whip for riding a horse).
The original meaning of policy is a horse whip, and here is the meaning of "policy response". Mention (pick) painting is mostly used on the left side of the word, and its potential is oblique to the right, which corresponds to the dot painting on the right, forming a situation of opposing arches. The planning of Yongzi is slightly flattened, mainly in response to the pecking (horizontal skimming) on the right. Although the two brushstrokes are staggered and incommensurate, their hearts and minds are corresponding. The momentum is slightly upward, the force is in the pen, and the force is in the front.
6.Long skimming is a sweep (such as combing the hair).
Such as the grate of the sweep hair, like a swallow sweeping under the eaves. That is, when writing apostrophe, it is like combing your hair with a comb or brushing the surface of an object with your hands, although the line of writing gradually accelerates, the front is light and sharp, and its chic and neat posture is taken, but the force must be sent to the end, otherwise it will float and be weak.
7.Short-skimming is pecking (like a bird's pecking).
Writing horizontally should be like a bird's pecking. The pen is fast and sharp. The pen is left out, sharp and oblique, and it is won by light and vigorous.
8.捺為磔 (磔音folding, cracking sacrifice for 磔, the meaning of the opening of the pen) 磔 is a kind of torture in ancient times, and the painting is the meaning of taking the knife and splitting. The painting in the regular script inherits the wave of the official book, and the wave of the official book is to dissolve the form of the small seal bending and wrapping, so that the font is open to the outside. Therefore, the official book is also called the sub-book, and the regular script also plays this role. The regular script is written with a pen, although the force is cohesive but outward, so that the font is comfortable and open. It also refers to the use of the pen to write strongly, powerfully, and imposingly. When writing, you should be calm and powerful, with twists and turns, and the situation should be natural.
The eight laws are not isolated and alone, and after learning the eight laws of Yongzi, we should also consider the specific distribution of the eight strokes, and the role played in the word, which has actually involved the knot law of the word. Therefore, when the creators of the Eight Methods analyzed Yongzi, they intended to integrate the writing of basic dot painting with the knots of Chinese characters.
Attached: Some views on the eight laws of Yongzi in the "Lanting Debate" initiated by Guo Moruo. As follows:
The Eight Methods of Yongzi is a method used by the ancients to take Yongzi as an example to summarize the eight basic points of the brush in regular script. About its origin, there have been different methods, about the Sui and Tang dynasties when regular script was prevalent, calligraphers in order to guide beginners to study books, they took the first word "Yong" of Wang Xizhi's "Orchid Pavilion Preface", which is known as "the first law book in the world", as an example, and summed up a set of teaching methods that want to control complexity with simplicity and "open the eyes in the words".
In the Yongzi Eight Methods, the point is called the side, the horizontal is called the Le, the vertical is called the crossbow, the vertical hook is called the fun, the provocation is called the strategy, the vertical skimming is called the sweep, the horizontal skimming is called pecking, and the pinching is called the saucer.
Although the name of the dot painting is very peculiar, the meaning of the word is alluded to metaphors, indicating how the dot painting should be written in order to get its backbone and charm. Let's try to give a brief explanation in turn.
Above, if you want to learn calligraphy well, the foundation of the word "Yong" must be solid. It can take a day, a week, or even a month to conquer it. This is where you have to work stupidly.