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Text |Liu Yanhua, director of the editorial department of Xiaokang magazine.
The global temperature rise above the set threshold is accelerating. Some scientists have estimated that in order to limit the temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius, the world's emission reduction efforts must be doubled, and it must be controlled at 1Less than 5 degrees Celsius, it takes 5 times as much effort.
To address the challenge of climate change, the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, from November 30 to December 13. Expectations are high for this year's largest and most important international climate conference.
High temperature and heat waves, extreme cold and quick freezing, heavy rain and hurricanes, droughts and floods turned ...... sharplyIn the past two years, extreme weather disasters have occurred frequently around the world, and various meteorological records have been frequently broken. Looking for the "culprit", the World Meteorological Organization pointed the finger at climate change.
In December 2015, nearly 200 parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) unanimously adopted the Paris Agreement at the Paris Climate Change Conference, setting out arrangements for global action on climate change after 2020. In November 2016, the Paris Agreement entered into force, becoming the second legally binding global climate agreement after the Kyoto Protocol.
Under the Paris Agreement, all parties will work together to tackle climate change in the form of "Determined Contributions", with the goal of limiting the global average temperature increase to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, and limiting the temperature rise to 1I work hard within 5 degrees Celsius.
However, the global temperature rise above the set threshold is accelerating.
According to the World Meteorological Organization, from January 1 to September 30 this year, the global average temperature was 005 degrees Celsius;Compared to the average temperature before industrialization (1850 to 1900), it is 14 degrees Celsius. Among them, the high temperature in September this year was particularly abnormal. The data showed that the average global temperature in September this year was 093 degrees Celsius, about 1 degree higher than before industrialization75 degrees Celsius. In other words, the temperature increase in individual months this year has exceeded 1Threshold of 5 degrees Celsius.
To add insult to injury, less than half a month before the 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the global average temperature exceeded another key indicator for the first time – on November 17, the global average temperature was 1.0 percent higher than the level of the same period between 1991 and 202017 degrees Celsius, more than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels for the first time, an increase of 206 degrees Celsius.
While a change in warming in a single month and on a single day does not mean that we will always exceed the threshold set by the Paris Agreement, it is still a sign of caution, and bold climate action has never been more urgent.
The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held consultations and negotiations on key issues such as global stocktaking and mitigation, adaptation, finance, loss and damage, and just transition, with the theme of "Solidarity, Action, Implementation". The summit has made a major breakthrough so far, with 130 countries agreeing to triple their renewable energy capacity and double energy efficiency, and 50 oil companies agreeing to reduce their methane emissions by about 80-90% by the end of the century. At the same time, the progress of the negotiations remains worrying, especially on key issues such as the future of fossil fuels.
Some scientists have estimated that in order to limit the temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius, the world's emission reduction efforts must be doubled, and it must be controlled at 1Less than 5 degrees Celsius, it takes 5 times as much effort.
The task is heavy, the time is pressing, and there is not much time left for people.
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This article was published in the late December 2023 issue of Xiaokang.