With the development of the digital economy, the scale of China's new business industry has expanded rapidly, according to the ninth national workforce survey of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the total number of employees in the country is currently 40.2 billion people, of which 84 million are workers in new employment forms, accounting for 21% of the total number of employees. According to the current general understanding, the new form of employment workers probably includes three types of people: platform online contract workers, platform individual flexible employees, and platform enterprise employees, covering logistics and distribution, e-commerce, home economics education, culture and entertainment and other fields, and new forms of employment workers have become an important force to promote economic and social development.
At the same time, as an emerging field, some problems and challenges will inevitably arise in the development process, and in order to ensure the healthy and orderly development of new business forms and the protection of the rights and interests of employees, it is necessary to pay attention to the following issues.
First, there is a lack of legal system guarantees, and the identification of professional relationships is complicated. At present, the Guiding Opinions on Safeguarding the Labor Security Rights and Interests of Workers in New Forms of Employment have made provisions on the protection of the labor rights and interests of workers in new forms of employment, but how to implement them, the identification of labor relations, and the specific content of the protection are not clear and explicit, and the higher levels, including the Labor Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, have not yet been included in the new forms of employment. At the same time, there is no fixed and unified standard for the identification boundary of new forms of employment, and the identities of employees are becoming more and more multi-complex, and there are many part-time workers, which also brings difficulties to the identification of professional relationships.
Second, labor security still needs to be covered, and the insurance method is relatively simple. In recent years, with the efforts of various parties, among the new forms of employment, the employees employed by platform enterprises, including takeaway brothers and express delivery brothers, have basically established labor security relationships because they rely on Internet companies, but platform online contract workers such as online car-hailing drivers are not in a "one-to-one" employment relationship with Internet companies, and it is difficult to protect labor security such as social security through fixed labor contracts.
Third, the degree of social recognition is not high, and the career prospects are extremely uncertain. Although food delivery brothers, online car-hailing drivers, etc. have brought convenience to people's lives, and self-leading writers and short bloggers have enriched people's cultural and entertainment lives, the social identity of these new occupations is generally not high. At the same time, the new employment form workers themselves are also confused about career development, compared with the promotion channels of traditional industries, the future development of new forms of employment is not fixed and full of unknowns, which also affects the career belonging and sense of honor of employees.
Fourth, the awareness of social participation is high, and the channels for participation are obviously insufficient. Many of the workers in the new employment form are engaged in the work of the new social class, and some of them have a high sense of participation in social and public affairs, including influential people such as online writers, self-leading Internet influencers, and short bloggers, who occupy an important position in social governance. However, at present, the recommendation of political identities, including deputies to the National People's Congress and members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, generally requires strong unit attributes, and there are few channels for new employment workers to be discovered, excavated and cultivated, and most of the new employment workers are young groups, so it is difficult to grasp the evaluation method of career success, which also increases the difficulty of political recommendation and investigation of new employment workers.
To strengthen the improvement of people's livelihood, it is more necessary to escort workers in new forms of employment, and enterprises and society need to invest in many ways.
First of all, improve the relevant labor laws and regulations, and clarify the criteria for determining labor relations. The Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law can be revised from the legislative level in combination with the development situation of new forms of business and the actual work of workers, and the content of the protection of the rights and interests of workers in new forms of employment can be increased. At the same time, the determination of the labor relationship between the worker and the platform in the new form of employment should not only be classified according to the closeness of the work between the worker and the platform, but also make each new occupation clearly and unambiguously classified into a certain type of labor relationship and employment, so as to facilitate the guidance of the platform enterprise to establish a labor contract with the employee in an appropriate manner. It is proposed to amend the current Social Insurance Law and the Regulations on Work-related Injury Insurance to make it mandatory for workers in new forms of employment to be included in the scope of work-related injury insurance.
Second, improve the construction of the labor security system and promote the participation of employees in insurance by category. It is suggested that a separate social security norm for workers in new forms of employment should be introduced, with the participation of enterprises, platforms, and workers, to expand the coverage of social insurance for workers in new forms of employment. Under the existing social insurance system, the first-class authorities at all levels can classify the different types of workers in the new form of employment, and the trade union will actively coordinate them, and the employees employed by the platform enterprises have a high degree of close contact with the unit, and the unit can directly be responsible for purchasing employee insuranceMost of the online contracted workers on the platform work in stages, and they can participate in the social insurance issued by the local ** department in accordance with their respective income standardsThere are many types of individual flexible employees on the platform, and they can be encouraged to purchase social insurance on their own with the current minimum social security standards. For workers with lower incomes, the grassroots level can consider giving appropriate insurance subsidies to maximize the insurance coverage for workers in new employment forms.
Thirdly, enhance the social identity of employees and promote the healthy development of emerging business formats. The trade union should coordinate with relevant departments to set up a trade union for workers in the new form of employment, which should serve as an organizational platform for the protection of the rights and interests of workers in the new form of employment, interactive exchanges, and learning and growth, and assist them in carrying out vocational knowledge and skills training to improve the labor quality of employees. At the same time, departments at all levels should be encouraged to regularly organize discussions and exchanges on new forms of employment to understand their occupational needs. Encourage all kinds of selection and commendation to include more workers in new forms of employment, excavate and cultivate role models in new forms of employment, and timely include outstanding talents in emerging industries into the contact objects of organizations and departments. It is necessary to play a leading role, based on the principle of occupational equality, to publicize and report on the excellent performance of workers in new forms of employment in social life, especially those who have significantly contributed to social and economic development, and form a good atmosphere of care, understanding and respect for workers in new forms of employment.
Finally, it is necessary to strengthen the political absorption of practitioners and expand the channels for participating in public affairs. It is suggested that organizations and departments should strengthen their contacts with representatives of workers in new forms of employment who have strong professional qualities and are more enthusiastic about public affairs, actively strive for the support of the people's congress and the CPPCC, appropriately increase the proportion of workers in the new form of employment in the people's congress and the CPPCC, and provide more opportunities for them to participate in social governance and participate in politics. All people's organizations are encouraged to recruit and cultivate outstanding representatives of workers in new forms of employment who are in line with their own majors in combination with their respective professional fields, and recommend outstanding representatives to mass organizations, enterprises, and public institutions for part-time training. Encourage all industry associations to actively establish Party organizations, guide outstanding workers in new forms of employment to actively move closer to Party organizations, and appropriately recommend workers in new forms of employment to serve in the elections of the two community committees and village committees, and give full play to their own strengths to participate in social governance services at the grassroots level. List of high-quality authors