Round after round of fruity aroma wafted, and the harvest season of melons and fruits came again.
However, this should have belonged to the peasants"Harvest Festival"., but it is difficult to hide the sluggish atmosphere that pervades the ground, facing it"Chicken feathers in one place".The unsalable scene made the laborers who should be bathed in the golden sunshine have dark clouds in their hearts.
In fact, this is nothing new in the last dozen yearsThe problem of unsalable fruits in China has never ebbed and has even intensified.
Although China has jumped to become the world's largest fruit producer, in stark contrast, it still exceeds it every year10 million tonsThe domestic fruits were forced to be abandoned due to unsalable, and the economic losses were as high400 billion yuan
So here comes the question, over the past few decades,Why did the development of fruits in China come to this situation?
What are the stubborn diseases that have plagued domestic fruits for many years?
What should we do to turn the situation around?
Maybe listen to the domestic fruit again from the beginning"Growing History"., all the difficulties and hopes are in front of ......
Looking through history, we can know that the development process of China's fruit industry is not not lacking in glory.
As early as the middle of the 20th century, China took the lead in carrying out systematic fruit scientific research in Asia.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's fruit industry has developed rapidly, such asThe output of apples, grapes, citrus and other fruits has repeatedly reached new highsIt has advanced technical indicators and occupies an important position in many Asian countries.
During this period, China attached great importance to the introduction of advanced varieties, and also carried out independent breeding.
For example, the Chibi apples in Yantai, Shandong, and the Wuyang peaches in Guangyuan, SichuanThese new domestic varieties have come out one after another.
Among them, Sichuan Guangyuan peach was even well-known in the international market at that time and was known as"Oriental Purple CuileThis fully proves that in that era when there were often problems of food and clothing, China's fruit industry was not useless.
In the mid-to-late 90s, there was a turning point in China's fruit industry.
After the reform of the scientific and technological system in 1996Due to the reduction of scientific research funds and the poor working mechanism of breedingThere was a brief pause in China's fruit breeding.
This has led to the fact that our country has missed multiple breeding windowsA large number of excellent varieties could not be cultivated as scheduled.
In order to make up for the breeding gap, China can only strengthen its industrial strength by introducing overseas advanced fruit varieties.
Imported from Western countriesKyoho grapes, red Fuji apples,As well as from the eastern neighborsSunshine Roseand other off-site varieties.
These varieties were a great success in domestic orchards at that time, and the scale of cultivation expanded rapidly for a timeHowever, behind the short-term dividends, the long-term development of China's fruits has been neglected.
The result of blindly relying on other countries' varieties is that although the output of foreign fruits has soared, the construction of China's independent varieties has been slow.
It is understood that at present there are in our countryMore than 20 categories of fruits, more than 2,400 varieties, but a new variety that is truly self-bredThere are less than 500 of them, which is the main fruit exported to the foreign country onlyMore than 10 kinds
It can be seen that the consequence of relying heavily on imported varieties is that China loses its leading power, and it is difficult for the fruit industry to embark on its own characteristic development path.
Entering the 21st century, China's fruits have once again ushered in rapid development, but they have also accumulated a series of deep-seated problems.
These long-term accumulated ills,In the end, it has become a "stumbling block" that drags down the development of China's fruit industry
The most lethal thing about this isThe problem of breed simplificationto the whole countryFor example, the homogeneous competition of a large number of similar products in the market has directly led to a decline in the overall market, and the profits of growers are unsustainable.
Not only that, at the beginning of this year, Guangxi sugar orange ** sluggish fell below1 yuan catty of "sad fruit".CitrusFruit is in the same dilemma.
Growers have to make a difficult choice:Do you stick to planting or switch to production?
In addition, blindly following the trend is also a common problem in the development of fruits in China.
Take popular grape varietiesSunshine RoseFor example, when it entered the market as a niche rare breed in the first few years**It has soared to 200-300 yuan per stringIt was highly sought after by growers for a while.
However, driven by profits, Sunshine Rose quickly spread across the country on a large scale, and the planting scale was in just a few yearsExceeded 800,000 acres
And the result isThe market is oversupplied, and the sunshine rose has also been reduced from the "Hermes of the grape world" to a civilian fruitGrower margins go to zero.
In addition to a single variety and following the trend, the illegal use of pesticides and wanton gimmicks have also led to a continuous decline in the reputation of China's fruits.
to"The Land of Mandarin Oranges".In Nanning, Guangxi, for example, many local fruit merchants have increased the concentration of pesticides to keep them fresh, and even put agricultural products on the market when they are about to rotSerious damage to the rights and interests of consumers
Although the follow-up rectification efforts have been intensified, the crisis of trust in China's fruits has been unavoidable.
Moreover, inversion has increasingly become a strange phenomenon in the market.
In many cases, growers make a market, had to sell the fruit they had worked so hard to grow at a very low **But when they enter the supermarket through the intermediate link,But it will soar several times.
As a result, consumers cannot afford to eat, and front-end growers are unable to make reasonable profits.
It is the superposition of this series of stubborn diseasesAs a result, the market demand for domestic fruits continues to be sluggish, and it has become the norm for diving into the troughGrowers are also facing an unprecedented reshuffle and consolidation.
In contrast, the sales of imported fruits are becoming wider and wider, and the gap between domestic fruits in the domestic market is also deepening, which is no longer a simple market problem, but also related to China's food safety strategy in the next few decades.
At present, China's fruit industry is at a new historical turning point, waiting to find a fundamental way out.
* Industry insiders have said that they want to reverse the passive situationIt is necessary to start with fruit breeding and take an important step.
In 2021, China's No. 1 document clearly pointed out that it is necessary to take fruit breeding as the starting point, fight the battle of turning over the seed industry, and accelerate the cultivation of independent new varieties.
At a time when the external environment is becoming increasingly severeIt is urgent to grasp the independent control of the core technology of fruits.
This is not only related to the satisfaction of the domestic market demand, but also related to the future positioning of China's fruits in the international market.
At present, in cooperation with scientific research institutions, we are accelerating a number of major fruit breeding projects.
For exampleShandong Peninsula pomelo, Yangtze River Delta red dragon fruit, Pearl River Delta pineapple and other regional common varieties, as well as the construction of the core paternal parent and engineering technology system.
These measures are intended to speed up the breeding of new fruit varieties and make up for China's shortcomings in variety construction as soon as possible.
According to industry experts, through this round of scientific and technological system reform and project construction, China's new fruit varietiesThe frequency of breeding is expected to more than double within five years
At the same time, the promotion of standardization is gradually acceleratingTake Sunshine Rose as the negative teaching materialChina has realized the harm of blind expansion, and the establishment of a scientific and reasonable regional planting layout according to local conditions is a necessary means to ensure the quality of varieties.
In addition, the first is also gradually improving the fruit production and marketing supervision systemCurbing shoddy lawlessnessEstablish a clear reward and punishment mechanism in the industry.
This requires:**The department works closely with industry associations and monitoring agenciesJointly maintain the long-term and healthy development of the fruit industry.
In addition to the leading forces, civil forces are also ready to move.
In recent years, some local fruit brands have begun to rise: they are known for their technical strengthXu Xiangyuan, packaged in the culture of the place of originXinyang peach, as well as bringing together star resources such as fishermen's girlsHuizhou tangerineWait.
These brands either rely on unique varieties or rely on refined operations to create a precedent in the field of segmentation, or can provide a reference sample for China's fruits to take a differentiated development path.
Of course, to achieve a fundamental change, it is far from enough to rely solely on the power of ** and individual folk brandsIt is necessary to mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of the whole society.
According to the analysis of industry experts, it extends to the downstream of the industrial chain and realizes the followingThe transformation from "separation of production and marketing" to "integration of production and marketing".is the key to getting out of the current predicament.
Take Yantai, Shandong, the country's largest fruit producing area, as an example, at present,Yantai has initially established a model of using the Internet to direct local cherries to supermarkets around the countryThrough the two-way power of promoting consumption and guaranteeing the best products, we strive to achieve a win-win situation for growers and sellers.
Some fruit companies also try to build their own cold chain logistics to achieve full production and marketing supervision and quality control from the field to the table.
This new model of enterprise-led and market-oriented operation is considered by the industry to be the most likely to break through the bottleneck of the current development of the domestic fruit industry.
Looking forward to the future, China, as the world's most populous country, has vast land resources and huge market capacity, and the development potential of the fruit industry is huge.
At present, although there are still many difficulties,However, as long as the government, industry, academia and research circles work together, rationally arrange, and work steadily, the day when Chinese fruits turn over may not be far ahead.