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December 6-8,The 3rd China (Yiwu) Belt and Road Cities International Forum 2023 was held in Yiwu, Zhejiang. The forum was hosted by the Chinese Society of Folk Diplomacy, Chinese Renmin University and Yiwu People**, undertaken by Yiwu China Commodity City Holdings Co., Ltd. and Chongyang Institute of Financial Research of Chinese People's University, and co-organized by Yiwu Market Development Research Institute. Focusing on the theme of "High-quality Silk Road Building, Global Business Circle in the New Era", more than 40 political, business and academic figures at home and abroad attended the meeting to discuss the ten-year achievements and future prospects of the "Belt and Road" construction. CCTVPeople**、cgtn、Xinhua News AgencyChina**China News ServiceChina Youth DailyEconomy**People's Political Consultative Conference Daily**The TimesZhejiang**"Uncle Ming is talkingMore than 20 central media such as "Big Vernacular Telling News" and self-leading big V reported the content of the meeting on the spot. Former Vice President of China Everbright BankWu JianAttended and delivered a speech at the "Keynote Forum I City Summit Dialogue: New Breakthroughs in International Fulcrum City Cooperation", and the following is the full text of the speech:With the spillover of the benefits of the "Belt and Road" economic and trade cooperation, the tentacles of this cooperation and exchange have also extended to more and more countries, and a huge business circle with the "Belt and Road" label is gradually forming. For private enterprises, actively participating in the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" is not only a response to the policy, but also a manifestation of embracing the market, and an effective way for private enterprises to move towards marketization, legalization and internationalization.
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Wu Jian, former vice president of China Everbright Bank.
The 10 years of the Belt and Road Initiative have not only enhanced the connectivity of countries and regions along the Belt and Road, but also effectively unleashed the potential of economic, trade and investment cooperation. With the spillover of the benefits of the "Belt and Road" economic and trade cooperation, the tentacles of this cooperation and exchange have also extended to more and more countries, and a huge business circle with the "Belt and Road" label is gradually forming. For private enterprises, actively participating in the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" is not only a response to the policy, but also a manifestation of embracing the market, and an effective way for private enterprises to move towards marketization, legalization and internationalization. With the continuous extension of China's opening-up strategy, private enterprises play an increasingly important role in the new pattern and have become an indispensable force in the international and domestic dual circulation.
The Belt and Road Initiative has changed
The scale and structure of China's foreign tradeOptimized the foreign trade format
Private enterprises have become a solid force for the steady growth of China's foreign trade
In the past ten years, the scale of goods between China and the countries co-built by the "Belt and Road" has reached new highs, and the services have flourished, injecting new momentum into global opening up and cooperation and economic recovery. According to customs statistics, in the first three quarters of this year, the total value of China's imports and exports was 308 trillion yuan. Among them, China's exports of mechanical and electrical products increased by 3 percent year-on-year3%, the export value of lithium batteries, electric manned vehicles, solar cells and other new three products has maintained double-digit growth for 14 consecutive quarters;China's imports and exports to the "Belt and Road" countries 1432 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 31%, accounting for 465%；The import and export volume of private enterprises was 1634 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 61%, accounting for 531%。Private enterprises have become the main force in the steady growth of foreign trade and the optimal structure, especially with the continuous deepening of China's technological innovation, the first facilitation policy has been introduced, and private enterprises have created a new situation for foreign countries by using a variety of new formats and new models such as market procurement, cross-border e-commerce, and overseas warehouses.
First, the market procurement method has achieved a revolutionary breakthrough in the facilitation of small commodity exports. This method is aimed at the LCL export of small batches and varieties of small commodities, supporting the first-class facilitation reform policies of multiple ministries and commissions, and has the characteristics of "reducing foreign trade costs, convenient and fast customs clearance, and smooth logistics and distribution", which greatly improves the level of facilitation of small commodity exports. According to customs statistics, in the first three quarters of this year, China's market procurement was exported 5098600 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 355%。At present, Yiwu's foreign trade exports mainly take this model, it brings together more than 2.1 million kinds of commodities and buyers from more than 230 countries and regions, more than 98% of the market operators are private enterprises, plus convenient transportation and smooth logistics, known as the world's largest small commodity distribution center.
Second, the digital cross-border platform promotes the transformation and upgrading of the traditional platform. With the help of the continuous innovation of cross-border platforms, logistics and payment methods, private technology enterprises have rapidly promoted cross-border e-commerce business and helped the transformation and upgrading of traditional foreign trade. More and more private commercial and trade enterprises have promoted the integration of their own internal and external enterprises through cross-border e-commerce platforms, bringing new growth points to the economies of countries and regions along the route. According to customs statistics, in the first three quarters of this year, China's cross-border e-commerce import and export volume reached 17 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 144%, which is 13 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 177%。
Third, overseas warehouses have become an important choice for cross-border enterprises to reduce costs and increase efficiency. The upgrading of the cross-border e-commerce model, the node optimization of the ** chain is the key element. With its own characteristics, overseas warehouses not only solve the pain points of overseas warehousing and distribution of goods, but also solve the difficult problems faced by cross-border e-commerce in overseas warehouse exports such as data collection, export tax rebates, and foreign exchange collection and settlement through a comprehensive service platform, becoming a new form of foreign trade with great potential and strong driving effect. According to statistics, 40% of orders for cross-border exports are shipped from overseas warehouses, and the number of overseas warehouses in China will exceed 2,400 in 2022, accounting for nearly 90% of the overseas warehouses in North America, Europe, East Asia and other regions.
The Belt and Road Initiative promotes the integration of private enterprises into the dual circulation
It has realized the cooperation of advantageous production capacity and the transfer of excess capacity
It has reshaped and extended China's industrial chain
Since 2010, China's manufacturing industry has continuously ranked first in the world. At present, China is the only country in the world that has all the industrial sectors listed in the United Nations Industrial Classification, which has laid an important foundation for China to participate in the global industrial division of labor and cooperation and carry out international operation. In recent years, private enterprises have become an important force in reshaping the industrial chain with their flexible business models and continuous technological innovation. Among the top 500 manufacturing companies in China in 2022, private enterprises accounted for 72%.
In response to the needs of countries along the "Belt and Road" and geopolitical changes, private enterprises are actively going overseas to reshape or extend the industrial chain. The first is to transfer out some low-end industries, promote the upgrading of domestic industries and the transformation of excess capacity, and form more export high value-added intermediate products;Second, the cross-border implementation of multi-site backup of the industrial chain has reduced the risk of protectionism and sanctions against China's industrial chain. At the same time, in order to prevent chain breakage and decoupling, China has continuously improved the integration efficiency of the industrial chain by expanding, supplementing and strengthening the chain, and has formed a number of "specialized, special and new" private enterprises that play a key role in the industrial chain. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, there are currently 980,000, 1 small giant enterprise20,000, private enterprises account for about 95%;Third, the new eight actions of the "Belt and Road" put forward the overall promotion of landmark projects and "small and beautiful" livelihood projects, emphasizing the use of funds to support co-construction in a market-oriented and commercial way, and these new directions and new formulations have opened up a new market space for private enterprises to participate in co-construction.
Private enterprises fully demonstrate the "digital economy".
The innovation and empowerment role of "green economy".
It has promoted the integration of China's domestic and foreign trade and the combination of dual circulation
From a global perspective, the most active group of innovation is private enterprises, and the key factors are flexible mechanisms and low innovation costs. According to statistics, China's private enterprises have contributed more than 70% of China's technological innovation, China's private science and technology enterprises account for about 50% of the number of high-tech enterprises in the country, and about 65% of the country's invention patents, about 70% of technological innovation and more than 80% of new products come from private enterprises.
Building the Digital Silk Road, guiding an open, fair and non-discriminatory digital development environment, and promoting the deep integration of digital technology with the real economy are the objective requirements of the Belt and Road Initiative. At present, the scale of China's digital economy has reached 50 in 20222 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 105%。Among them, the large-scale digital platform built by private technology enterprises, aiming at market demand and application scenarios for technological innovation, has become the core force of China's digital technology innovation, and promotes the rapid development of China's cross-border e-commerce and digital services. The development of cross-border e-commerce has promoted the integration of China's domestic and foreign trade and the combination of dual circulation. Under the conditions of homogeneity and standard, cross-border e-commerce platforms have helped more and more private enterprises extend the overseas markets of the "Belt and Road". At the same time, digital technology has also brought about the emergence of new technologies and new applications of China's services. According to the Ministry of Commerce's "China Service ** Development Report 2022", China's service ** import and export in 2022 will be 889.1 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 129%, ranking second in the world, of which the import and export of digital services ** 3727100 million US dollars, accounting for 419%。At present, China's service trade exports account for 12% of the total exports, and there is still a gap between the proportion of service trade in developed countries and 30%, and the rapid development of digital service trade is expected to improve this situation.
The Green Silk Road is an important part of the new eight Belt and Road Initiatives, and China will continue to deepen cooperation in green infrastructure, green energy, green transportation and other fields to provide many market opportunities for private enterprises. In the past decade, China has signed environmental cooperation agreements with more than 30 countries and international organizations, established international green development alliances with more than 150 partners in more than 40 countries, and established Belt and Road energy partnerships with 32 countries. A large number of green development projects such as photovoltaics, solar energy, and hydropower promoted by private enterprises in countries along the Belt and Road are playing a practical role, demonstrating demonstration effects for pollution reduction, energy conservation and carbon reduction, and green transformation. Next,Countries along the Belt and Road can work together to promote the green development of the energy industry and strengthen the upstream and downstream cooperation of the green energy industry chain, so that green can become the background color of more and more private enterprises going abroad, and build a "digital +", energy +, and green +" model, and create new achievements for the construction of the "Green Silk Road".
Firmly grasp the key links of participating in the "One Road" co-construction
Promote the high-quality development of private enterprises in the dual circulation
To encourage private enterprises to participate in the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road" and promote international and domestic dual circulation, it is not only necessary to create a good business environment for private enterprises from the dimensions of continuous reform and opening up, legal system construction, and governance, but also to continue to solve key issues such as facilitation, industrial digitalization, and diversification of investment and financing for private enterprises to go overseas.
1.Policy coordination and unification, and work together to promote the facilitation process of private enterprises to participate in the "Belt and Road".
In the past two years, a series of facilitation policies have been introduced from the top to the local level. In order to further promote the participation of private enterprises in co-construction and optimize the "dual circulation" environment, it is important to strengthen the overall coordination and implementation arrangements of policies. The first is to strengthen consultations with relevant functional departments of countries along the Belt and Road at the institutional level. Through digital technology, we will further simplify the customs clearance process, optimize the business environment at ports, improve customs clearance efficiency, reduce enterprise costs, and continue to support new foreign trade formats such as cross-border e-commerce, market procurement** and overseas warehousesThe second is to accelerate the innovation of payment and settlement services with countries and regions along the route. Further enrich the channels and tools of payment and settlement, and improve the efficiency of foreign exchange business and fund settlement. Under the premise of controllable risks, more high-quality small, medium and micro enterprises can enjoy the facilitation of foreign exchange receipts and payments;The third is to steadily promote the process of RMB internationalization. We will fully negotiate with the monetary authorities of countries and regions along the Belt and Road to further expand the scope and scale of currency swaps, continuously improve the RMB cross-border payment system, increase the RMB settlement and payment capacity, and reduce the exchange rate risks caused by regional conflicts and global economic uncertainties.
2.Adapt to the changes in scientific and technological innovation, and accelerate the pace of industrial digitalization construction of private enterprises in the "Belt and Road" economic and trade cooperation.
To develop the digital economy under the condition of dual circulation, it is not only necessary to be based on domestic data, but also to actively participate in international competition, which is also an inevitable requirement of its globalization attributes. At present, the cross-border flow of data is gradually surpassing the globalization of investment and becoming a new driving force for global economic growth, and it is the right time to extend digital industrialization and industrial digitization to countries along the "Belt and Road". First, it is necessary to make full use of big data, cloud computing, and blockchain technology, and use the digital platform of new industries, new formats, and new models as the carrier to explore the specific application of industrial digitization and digital industrialization abroad, explore digital rules such as cross-border data flow and data transactions that are in line with bilateral or multilateral national conditions, and establish competition rules and management requirements to adapt to these new changes, and strive for more international voices in the field of digital economySecond, it is necessary to cultivate a group of leading enterprises with scientific and technological advantages in digital co-construction and "specialized, special and new" small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote them to build a competitive digital economy industrial chain in the "Belt and Road".The third is to actively explore digital currency and accelerate the construction of multilateral mechanisms for digital currency in countries and regions along the Belt and Road.
3.Strengthen the guarantee of financial services, and solve the problem of diversification of investment and financing of private enterprises in the joint construction of the "Belt and Road".
The Belt and Road "Belt and Road" investment and financing has its distinctive characteristics, the current investment and financing funds are mainly in the first Chinese banks (policy banks and commercial banks) loans, all levels of capital to establish the "Belt and Road" investment**, enterprises and financial institutions through the issuance of bonds to raise funds, multilateral development financial institutions (the World Bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, ADB, etc.) and third-party cooperation through syndicated loans, joint venture investment and other four channels. Therefore, to provide financial services for private enterprises to participate in the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" and solve structural contradictions, it is not only necessary to encourage all kinds of banks and insurance institutions to increase credit and insurance support for private enterprises in China, innovate financial products, and rely on the accounts receivable, warehouse receipts, orders, etc. In particular, it is necessary to make full use of the above four financing channels, strengthen the diversity and financing capacity of private enterprises in overseas investment and financing, and reduce the dependence on domestic financing. We will make full use of indirect financing and direct financing to continue to expand the scope of cooperation and investment and financing channels. Promote innovative financing models such as integrated investment, construction and operation (BOT),* and private partnership with social capital (PPP), and blended financingMake full use of market-oriented tools such as equity, debt, and ** to promote the global allocation of factor resources and facilitate cross-border investment activities.