Due to the immobility of soil and facility conditions, it is difficult to rotate stubble, and soil-borne diseases such as cucumber wilt disease have been aggravated year by year, resulting in dead seedlings and reduced yield. Therefore, the use of pumpkin as rootstock for grafting and root replacement cultivation has become an important measure to prevent diseases and increase yield, improve quality and improve efficiency of cucumber in protected areas. Pumpkin roots are resistant to low temperature, high temperature, blight and other soil-borne diseases, and can also improve the overall low temperature resistance of cucumber, while the developed root system of drill wood has strong water and fertilizer absorption ability, which can promote plant growth and increase yield.
1. Choose rootstocks and scions.
1. Rootstock selection: No matter what kind of rootstock is chosen, first, the rootstock must have a high and consistent affinity with the scion (including grafting affinity and symbiotic harmony). Second, the rootstock has strong disease resistance, especially strong resistance to soil-borne diseases such as Fusarium wilt. Third, the rootstock has improved the quality of cucumber without adverse effects. Fourth, the rootstock has strong adaptability to adverse environmental conditions.
The rootstocks currently used are Oasis Angel (F1 Yellow Seed Pumpkin), Divine Root (F1 Yellow Seed South Claw), and Black Seed Pumpkin.
2. Scion selection: When choosing scion, the first thing to consider is the adaptability to the environment of the protected area, which is generally resistant to low temperature, weak light, strong precociousness and good quality. Abundant varieties that are resistant to leaf diseases are the best.
Second, the sowing method of scion and rootstock.
1. Scion cucumber per mu with 200 250 grams of seed amount before sowing the seedbed should be watered thoroughly, sowing should be as sparse as possible, after sowing the soil thickness of about 1 cm, and then covered with mulch, and then insert a small arch shed. During the seedling period, the temperature in the shed is maintained at 25 to 28 degrees, and the mulch film is removed when the seedlings begin to emerge 3 days after sowing, and the seedlings can be produced in 5 days. After the seedlings are raised, the temperature is kept at 20 22 degrees during the day and not more than 14 degrees at night, and the seedlings are properly watered according to the picking, and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times is sprayed every 4 5 days.
2. Rootstock pumpkin.
Using black-seeded pumpkin as rootstock should be sown 5 6 days later than cucumber, and with yellow-seeded pumpkin as rootstock, cucumber and pumpkin can be sown at the same time or 1 2 days later than cucumber. The principle is to let cucumber seedlings and other pumpkin seedlings, not pumpkin seedlings and other cucumber seedlings, so as to facilitate the thickness of the hypocotyl of cucumber seedlings and the finale of pumpkin seedlings, otherwise the survival rate of grafting will be reduced. After sowing the pumpkin, cover it with soil about 2 cm thick and then cover it with mulch. Note that pumpkins should be sown in a proper manner. Pumpkin can also be raised in a nutrient bowl with a diameter of 10 12 cm, so that there are no seedlings when grafted, and direct grafting with a nutrient bowl does not hurt the roots, which can improve the survival rate. After sowing, the small arch shed is covered with film, and the temperature in the shed is maintained at 25 28 degrees during the day and 16 18 degrees at night. After the seedlings are unearthed, the temperature should be appropriately reduced, the mulch film and small arch shed should be removed after the seedlings are gathered, and 50% thiophanate-based wettable powder 400 times should be sprayed to prevent diseases.
3. Grafting method.
Cucumber grafting methods include the method of grafting, plugging and splitting, etc., the first two methods are simple to operate, easy to manage, high survival rate, and widely used in production.
1. Relying on the grafting method: also known as the tongue grafting method, the operation is simple, easy to manage, and the survival rate is high. When the pumpkin cotyledons are flattened, the heart leaves are exposed, and the first true leaf of the cucumber is expanded by about 2 cm, the seedlings are too large and the stem will be hollow, which will affect the survival rate of grafting. When approaching, the cucumber seedlings and pumpkin are lifted from the seedbed, and the growth point of the rootstock is peeled off, leaving 2** leaves, and the blade is used to distance 05 1 cm on the hypocotyl, from top to bottom at an angle of 35 40 ° oblique cut with a depth of 1 2 of the stem thicknessScion cucumber under cotyledons 12~1.On the hypocotyl at 5 cm, cut a knife obliquely at an angle of 30° from bottom to top, with a depth of 3 5 of the stem thickness. Then the two tongue-shaped incisions of the standing wood and the scion are embedded with each other, so that the cucumber cotyledons are on top of the pumpkin cotyledons, and the star "ten" shape is perpendicular to each other, and fixed with grafting clips.
2. Bud plugging method.
Stick sticks: Remove the top buds of pumpkin seedlings and use bamboo sticks to plug holes. Hold the bamboo skewer with your right hand, pinch the hypocotyl of the rootstock with your left thumb and index finger, and make the tip of the bamboo skewer close to the base of the rootstock 1**leaf to the bottom of the other **leaf, and the depth is generally 05~0.7 cm, do not penetrate the epidermis or penetrate to the pith to avoid adventitious roots after scion.
Cut scion: 0. from under the cotyledons of cucumber4~0.6 cm into the knife, opposite each side of the knife sharpened, cut into the knife edge of 05~0.For 7 cm molding, the knife edge must be smooth. The length and thickness of the scion knife edge should be the same as the small hole inserted into the rootstock by the bamboo stick, so that the rootstock and the scion are consistent after insertion.
Plug scion: After the scion is cut, then pull out the bamboo skewer from the rootstock, insert the scion, the depth is to the degree that the cutting mouth is flush with the rootstock jack, and make the scion cotyledons and pumpkin seeds in a "ten" shape. The whole process of cutting the scion and inserting the scion should be stable, accurate and fast, and it should be fixed after insertion, so that the rootstock and the vascular bundle and the corresponding part of the phloem of the scion are connected.
Fourth, post-grafting management.
The grafted seedlings should be transplanted into an 8 cm x 8 cm nutrient bowl, and the covering soil should be suitable, at least 2 cm away from the grafting clip, so as to avoid adventitious roots of cucumbers. The nutrient bowl is placed on the seedbed covered with a small arch shed, and the shed film is buckled in time. Water while planting seedlings, being careful not to pour water on the joints. When placing the seedlings, the grafting clamp is facing one direction, which is convenient for the cucumber to break the root in the later stage. Within 5 days after transplanting, the temperature in the shed should be kept at 28 30 degrees, the ground temperature should be kept at 20 23 degrees, and the relative humidity of the air should be kept above 95%, which is conducive to the healing of the knife force. Do not see light for 3 days after grafting, and adjust the light intensity by covering the grass during the day. After 3 days, the time to see the light was gradually increased, and after 10 days, it entered the routine seedling management. 12 13 days after grafting, 1 day before the root breaking, the cucumber grafting knife edge below the hypocotyl with hand, the next day the cucumber hypocotyl cut off.
After the root is broken, it is necessary to flexibly grasp the changes in seedling conditions, and adjust the light intensity and temperature to improve the survival rate by pulling and releasing the grass. At this stage, it is found that the rootstock sprouts should be removed in time, so as not to affect the normal growth. The apical bud grafting method does not need to break the roots. At the same time, seedbed management should be strengthened, timely watering and pest control occurrence, cucumber grafted seedlings should not be too long, otherwise the root injury is too heavy during planting, which is easy to cause premature plant aging. Through the typical experience of high yield in recent years, whether it is self-rooted seedlings or grafted seedlings, the seedling age should not be too long, the suitable seedling age of cucumber is 30 35 days, and its growth index is 3 leaves and 1 heart.
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