During the flowering period of peanut, fertilization management plays a crucial role in the growth and yield of peanut. To ensure healthy growth and high yields of peanuts, we need to understand how to fertilize them properly. This article will introduce in detail the methods and precautions for fertilizing peanuts during the flowering period.
First of all, we need to clarify the characteristics of fertilizer requirements in peanuts during the flowering period. Peanuts need a lot of nutrients during the flowering period to support the opening and fruiting of flowers. At this time, phosphorus and potassium are in high demand, as they are essential for the reproductive growth of peanuts. At the same time, the demand for nitrogen is relatively high, but attention should be paid to controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to avoid causing plant growth.
Next, let's learn how to fertilize reasonably. First of all, the application of basal fertilizer is the key. Before planting, organic and chemical fertilizers should be evenly applied into the soil. Organic fertilizers increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve soil structure, while chemical fertilizers provide the nutrients needed by peanuts. Specifically, 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer can be applied per mu, and 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate can be applied at the same time. This can meet the needs of peanuts throughout the growing season.
In addition to basal fertilizer, top dressing is also essential. During the flowering period of peanuts, appropriate nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should be applied to meet the growth needs of plants. The specific amount of top dressing should be determined according to soil fertility and flower growth potential. Generally speaking, 10-15 kg of urea and 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate can be applied per mu. When topdressing, attention should be paid to spreading evenly around the plant and avoiding direct contact with the roots, so as not to cause root burning.
In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macroelements, trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, boron, etc. also have an impact on the yield and quality of peanuts. For example, calcium can promote the formation and thickness of peanut husksMagnesium is an important component of chlorophyll and is related to the normal process of photosynthesisBoron can promote pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, which is conducive to the completion of pollination and fertilization. The need for these elements can be supplemented by foliar micro-fertilisers. During the flowering period of peanuts, spray 02%-0.3% potassium phosphate monobasic solution and 01%-0.2% boric acid solution, sprayed 2-3 times continuously, can significantly improve the yield and quality of peanuts.
In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the coordination of fertilization and irrigation. Under drought conditions, peanuts can affect fertilizer uptake due to difficulty in absorbing water. Therefore, while fertilizing, the soil should be kept moist to facilitate the normal growth of peanuts. Water requirements can be met through proper irrigation, and soil moisture can be kept within the appropriate range.
Finally, we would like to highlight the precautions for fertilization. First of all, it is necessary to avoid the occurrence of excessive or insufficient fertilization. Excessive fertilization can lead to excess nutrients, resulting in plant growth and even root burningInsufficient fertilization will lead to nutrient insufficiency, affecting the normal growth and yield of peanuts. Secondly, it is necessary to choose the appropriate fertilization method. In addition to basal fertilizer and top dressing, supplementary fertilization can also be carried out by means of extra-root top dressing. Finally, pay attention to the interaction between different fertilizers. For example, superphosphate cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers to avoid chemical reactions that reduce fertilizer efficiency.
In summary, fertilization during the flowering period of peanuts is a key management measure. Through proper fertilization, the healthy growth and high yield of peanuts can be promoted. In actual production, the fertilization scheme should be comprehensively considered according to soil conditions, climatic characteristics, variety characteristics and other factors, so as to achieve scientific fertilization and reasonable fertilization. At the same time, it is also necessary to strengthen field management, pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and pests, and lay a solid foundation for a bumper harvest of peanuts.