Many pharmaceutical factories do not know what wastewater treatment method is suitable for new construction, for example, some choose a process with high operating costs in order to save investment, and some have a large investment, but the treatment is unstable.
Because pharmaceutical wastewater is industrial wastewater with complex composition, high pollutant content and large salt content, it is determined that it is difficult to treat it up to standard with a single treatment process, and it is even more difficult to meet the discharge standard with the wrong process, so the combination of physicochemical method, chemical method and biological method is mostly used for treatment in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment engineering.
The physicochemical method is mainly used to remove some pollutants in the wastewater, such as organic matter, SS, color, ammonia nitrogen, etc., and the commonly used treatment methods are coagulation flotation, adsorption, blow-off, etc.
Coagulation air flotation method is to first add PAC, PAM and other agents, can transform the fine part of the pharmaceutical wastewater into an unstable separation form, manifested as flocculent (coagulation method), and then combined with the effect of air flotation, a large number of tiny bubbles are passed through the water, and these bubbles are attached to the suspended particles, and the buoyancy is used to make the suspended matter float on the water surface, so as to achieve the purpose of separation.
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At present, the chemical methods widely used in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater mainly include: advanced oxidation method and iron-carbon microelectrolysis method.
Advanced oxidation methods include catalytic wet oxidation, fenton-like oxidation, peroxide salt method, ozone catalytic oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, etc., their main principle is to produce hydroxyl radicals (OH) with high redox potential during the reaction process, which can carry out rapid and efficient chain reaction with most organic pollutants in wastewater, so as to oxidize pollutants into CO2, H2O and inorganic salts.
Iron-carbon microelectrolysis, also known as internal electrolysis and zero-valent iron method, is essentially the use of electrode potential difference between iron and carbon to form countless miniature galvanic cells in wastewater with a certain conductivity, and the electrode reaction and a series of reactions initiated by it work together to achieve the removal of pollutants in water, these reactions mainly include redox reaction, flocculation precipitation, electrochemical enrichment and physical adsorption.
We can achieve better wastewater treatment results through the combination of iron-carbon microelectrolysis and Fenton oxidation.
Biological method, also known as biochemical method, is a sewage treatment method that uses the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms in the process of metabolism. According to the metabolic type of microorganisms, it can be divided into two treatment methods: anaerobic type and aerobic type.
The work of anaerobic biotechnology in the treatment of industrial wastewater is divided into three stages, namely hydrolysis acidification, hydrogen production and acetic acid production, and methane production. In the hydrolysis stage, carbohydrates are converted into sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, water, and carbon dioxide under hydrolysis and fermentationIn the stage of hydrogen production and acetic acid production, fatty acids are converted into CO2 and acetic acid under the action of hydroacetic acid-producing bacteriaMethanogens of different physiologies in the methanogenic stage all produce a common product, methane.
Most of the pharmaceutical wastewater is treated by "anaerobic biology + aerobic biology" to remove most of the organic matter.
The physicochemical method and chemical method are mainly used in pretreatment or advanced treatment to ensure the water quality entering the biological treatment and ensure that the effluent can be stably discharged up to standard.