We know that the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion had a lot to do with Tang Xuanzong's division of the world into ten military regions.
The Jiedu envoys in various places grasped the local military power, political power, and civil power, such as An Lushan's extra-large jiedu envoy and even the work of three feudal towns.
Later, although the Anshi Rebellion was pacified, the matter of the division of the feudal towns and the establishment of the festival has not been effectively resolved.
At that time, the Jiedu envoys in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were often self-respecting, not only separating one side, but also their official appointments and dismissals without going through the imperial court.
What does this mean, this official was originally a public weapon in the world, but as a result, the Jiedu envoys completely broke away from the planning and management of the ** personnel system, and started a hereditary system.
The ninth emperor of the Tang Dynasty was Li Shi, and we are called Tang Dezong.
During the reign of Dezong, the situation of discipline became more and more serious due to the disobedience of the local feudal towns, and Dezong was very dissatisfied, so he wanted to rectify these lawless temperance envoys.
The Anshi Rebellion broke out in the late Xuanzong period, in the middle of Suzong Li Heng, Daizong Li Yu, three generations can be said to be dreaming of sleep, night clothes and food, civil and military ministers with the Son of Heaven, almost with a desperate posture to calm the war, the previous emperors knew that the general trend of the world is extremely difficult to control, and the division of feudal towns is a cancer of the empire, since the Anshi Rebellion, the pattern of the entire Tang Dynasty has changed, and if you want to restore the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty in the past, it is not just a drive to do it.
After all, Dezong Li Shi is young, he does not understand the complexity and cruelty of political struggle, in the eyes of this emperor who has just ruled the world, there are only two possibilities for everything, that is, whether it can be done or not, and whether it should be done.
In the second year of Jianzhong, in 781 AD, Li Baochen died in the festival of Chengde, Hebei.
As soon as Li Baochen died, Li Baochen's son Li Weiyue immediately reported to the court, saying that my father was dead, so I will do it next, so please ask the court to issue a more formal appointment to me.
It is true that Li Weiyue's sparseness, he is not a request, but just a formality, because it is already a precedent for the local festival to make the father die and the son succeed, and usually the emperor will not refuse, but this time, Li Weiyue encountered resistance, because Dezong originally wanted to fight the forces of the feudal town, so he just took Li Weiyue as a model, and simply rejected Li Weiyue's request.
Tang Dezong Li Shi sideways portrait).
You see, **The appointment power of the imperial court still exists, and in a sense, the imperial court still has the only legitimate appointment power, so Dezong does not recognize Li Weiyue's status for a day, and he can't be the envoy of this festival in Chengde for a day, even if he unilaterally declares that he will inherit his father's position, then he lacks the authorization and certification of the imperial court after all, and he himself feels embarrassed.
Li Weiyue was angry, he didn't expect Emperor Dezong to have such courage, and he felt that he was targeted, so he simply contacted his colleagues Tian Yue, Li Zhengji, and Liang Chongyi to raise troops to rebel together, you Tang Dezong don't give me face, then I don't need to be loyal to you, there are many people in our domain, and we stand up and fight against you directly.
Tian Yue is the envoy of Wei Bojie, Li Zheng is already the envoy of the Ziqing Festival, and Liang Chongyi is the envoy of the Shannan Dongdao Festival.
Of course, Dezong thought that Li Weiyue would rebel, but he didn't expect that Li Weiyue could incite many Jiedu envoys to rebel with him, but Dezong's reaction was also very fast, and he immediately ordered Huaixi Jiedu to make Li Xilie and Zhu Tao, who stayed in Youzhou, organize troops to quell the rebellion.
Since Dezong's reaction was relatively rapid, the imperial army's army had the upper hand at first.
Li Zheng died of illness shortly after raising the army, leaving his son Li Na to continue to fight against the imperial court, but Li Na was then surrounded by the ** army, which was basically over.
Liang Chongyi's troops were defeated by Li Xilie, and Liang Chongyi saw that the general trend was gone and chose to commit suicide.
Li Weiyue was very motivated, and planned to fight with the imperial court, but in his backyard, his subordinate Wang Wujun rebelled, and after killing Li Weiyue, he directly led his troops to surrender.
The four knots were defeated, and in the end, only Tian Yue was left fighting against the imperial court, but everyone could see that Tian Yue was already alone, and it was only a matter of time before he was defeated.
If the counterinsurgency work is carried out in an orderly manner, then the imperial court will of course be rewarded.
Zhu Tao, who was mainly responsible for one of the counterinsurgency work, said, I don't have much desire, the imperial court can give me Shenzhou (Anping County, Hebei) to manage, but Dezong thinks it is inappropriate, because Shenzhou is in Hebei, and there are especially many towns in Hebei, and the emperor is afraid that Zhu Tao will be sent to Shenzhou to raise tigers, so he rejected his request.
The emperor rewarded the officials with his intentions and pains, but in Zhu Tao's view, this was completely because the emperor did not attach importance to himself at all, which was a manifestation of unfairness.
Wang Wujun asked the court to surrender, Dezong was very happy, gave Wang Wujun a bunch of official positions, a big reward, and sealed 500 households in the food alone, but Wang Wujun was still not satisfied, thinking that he should be the first to backstab the thief Li Weiyue, why not give himself a place to be a festival, so he was also very dissatisfied.
At this time, Tian Yue, whose fate was hanging by a thread, immediately seized the opportunity, he contacted Zhu Tao and Wang Wujun, saying that you two old brothers worked hard for the court, but the court did not treat you well, what are you trying to do?It's better to do it with me, let's raise troops together against the Tang Dynasty, and after the success, it's not a good thing to eat and drink spicy?
Wang Wujun and Zhu Tao originally had opinions on the imperial court, and were persuaded by Tian Yue to win over, and immediately defected, Wang Wujun was responsible for rescuing Li Na, and Zhu Tao galloped to Tian Yue in the starry night.
Lee Hee-yeol image).
The generals rebelled, and now Tang Dezong can count on Li Xilie alone, so Dezong hurriedly arranged for Li Xilie to ** Houlu, and put most of the army under his command, so that he could quickly send troops to recruit the four thieves Tian, Li, Wang, and Zhu.
However, under the turbulence of the times, the people's hearts are not ancient, Li Xilie is loyal to Dezong on the surface, but in fact, he also has his own small abacus inside, after he got the military power, not only did not send troops to quell the rebellion, but supported the army to stand on his own, but also openly rebelled.
It is not far away in the fourteenth year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, the Tang Plain Taishou Yan Zhenqing and Changshan Taiyan Gaoqing raised troops to crusade against the rebels, this Anshi Rebellion, the main thing is to make An Lushan and Shi Siming's rebellion, the following year later, Shi Siming captured Changshan, Yan Gaoqing's family of more than 30 people swore not to surrender, all martyrdom.
We are all familiar with Yan Zhenqing, this is a famous minister of the Tang Dynasty and a famous calligrapher in ancient times, and this Yan Gaoqing is Yan Zhenqing's elder brother.
Three years later, in the first year of Su Zongqian, Yan Zhenqing sent someone to Changshan, Hebei Province to collect the bones of his relatives, and couldn't help sighing, so he wrote an essay, which led to the "Manuscript of the Sacrifice of Nephews" of the later generations of celebrities.
The lonely city is besieged, the father is trapped, the son is dead, and the nest is overturned.
Twenty-six years later, Li Xilie rebelled, and Yan Zhenqing also swore that he would not be a thief, and was finally strangled to death by the rebels.
The "Manuscript for the Sacrifice of Nephews" he left back then, now it seems that ink should be the blood of the Yan family, and the words should be the bones of the Yan family.
Li Xilie rebelled immediately after the army to attack Henan Xiangcheng, the front of the army was strong, everywhere the Tang army was defeated and retreated, Dezong in order to deal with Li Xilie's anxious anxiety, almost all the cards that could be used in his hand were played on the battlefield of Xiangcheng, and one of the troops temporarily pulled from Jingyuan, Gansu Province to support Xiangcheng, but there was a mutiny in Chang'an.
The original plan was that the 5,000 soldiers of Jingyuan passed through Chang'an and then went straight to Xiangcheng, but the Jingyuan soldiers rebelled in Chang'an City - the reason was that they were disgusted that when they were resting in Chang'an, the food provided to them by the imperial court was coarse tea and light rice, so they attacked the government and broke through the palace, and the whole of Chang'an was quickly controlled.
Fortunately, it was Dezong who knew the news in advance, so he quickly packed his luggage and fled.
During the Anshi Rebellion in the fifteenth year of Tianbao, Xuanzong Li Longji ran to Sichuan once, and in the first year of Guangde, the Tubo people invaded, and Daizong Li Yu ran out of the past.
The last two runs, there are also pro-soldier guards, civil and military officials followed, Dezong ran this time is miserable enough, the civil officials are scattered, and the generals are fighting separately, ignoring the emperor, guarding the emperor's side, there are only a few eunuchs.
As soon as Dezong fled, the Jingyuan soldiers supported Zhu Zhu, the imperial lieutenant in the court, as the emperor, and it happened that this Zhu Zhu was still the brother of Zhu Tao who rebelled outside, so Zhu Zhu and Zhu Tao agreed, one from Chang'an, the other from Hebei, to join the army in Luoyang, the eastern capital, and beat the world down step by step.
In the process of fleeing, Dezong appointed Li Huaiguang, the envoy of Shuofang Jiedu, who was willing to escort the Tang Dynasty Emperor at first, but later became proud of his achievements and rebelled.
Wenchen was powerless, and the military generals defected so quickly, Dezong came to this point, and he was almost exhausted.
Why is it said to be almost because fortunately, there is another famous general Li Sheng in the Dezong Dynasty, who is loyal to the country and very reliable, and in the end, it is with the efforts of this Li Sheng that the rebellion of the feudal towns in various places was put down and Chang'an was recovered.
Portrait of Li Sheng).
Of course, although the feudal towns often rebelled in pieces, it was difficult for them to form any solid political alliances, such as Li Huaiguang and Zhu Zhu of Chang'an when he rebelled at the beginning, and later the two also broke up.
When the Jingyuan soldiers were in rebellion in Chang'an, they said a very famous sentence:
My generation abandoned his parents and wives, and he will die, and he will not have enough to eat
We have all come all the way to support our parents, and we have to abandon our wives and children, and now we are about to go to the battlefield to work our lives, and we can't even eat enough, how can we fight?
In fact, the reason for their rebellion was not only that they thought that the imperial court did not treat them well enough, but also that the more profound factor was that since the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion, the imperial court has lost its credibility, and the prestige of the Tang Dynasty is no longer there.
Tang Dezong fled from Chang'an to Qianxian County, Shaanxi, and was surrounded by rebels for more than a month before he was able to return to Chang'an
Grown in the deep palace, dark in the affairs of the country. It is easy to drown in habits, forget about danger in peace, do not know the difficulties of the crops, and do not observe the hard work and ...... of the conquestHeaven is condemned from above and I don't understand, and people complain from below and I don't know.
This is Dezong's "Fengtian Reform Yuan Amnesty System", which is a very famous edict in history, but in fact, this is probably not Dezong's regret for himself, but another taste.
In fact, Dezongfan reigned for a total of twenty-six years, which can be regarded as the longest reigning emperor in the history of the Tang Dynasty, and he has been pursuing to be a perfect, holy and excellent son of heaven all his life, but most of his energy has been exhausted by uprisings and rebellions in various feudal towns.
Of course, the glory of the Kaiyuan Dynasty is difficult to reproduce in the Tang Dynasty, but the turmoil of the Anshi Rebellion has been haunting the sky over this empire.
Dezong issued an edict against himself, and he may really regret his indecisiveness in character, the simplicity and rudeness in the use of power, and the repeated suspicions in employing people, but what he really regretted was actually the Tang Dynasty that was gone back then.